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Impact on Soil Organic C and Total Soil N from Cool- and Warm-Season Legumes Used in a Green Manure-Forage Cropping System

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第3期15卷 333-357页

作者： Clark b. neely Francis M. Rouquette Jr. Cristine L.S. Morgan Frank M. Hons William L. Rooney Gerald R. Smith Department of Soil and Crop Science Washington State University Pullman WA USA Texas A&M AgriLife Research Overton TX USA Chief Scientific Officer Soil Health Institute Morrisville NC USA Department of Soil and Crop Science Texas A&M University College Station TX USA

Annual forage legumes are important components of livestock production systems in East Texas and the southeastern US. Forage legumes contribute nitrogen (N) to cropping systems through biological N fixation, and their seasonal biomass production can be managed to complement forage grasses. Our research objectives were to evaluate both warm- and cool-season annual forage legumes as green manure for biomass, N content, ability to enhance soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil N, and impact on post season forage grass crops. Nine warm-season forage legumes (WSL) were spring planted and incorporated as green manure in the fall. Forage rye (Secale cereale L.) was planted following the incorporation of WSL treatments. Eight cool-season forage legumes (CSL) were fall planted in previously fallow plots and incorporated as green manure in late spring. Sorghum-sudangrass (Sorghum bicolor x Sorghum bicolor var. sudanense) was planted over all treatments in early summer after forage rye harvest and incorporation of CSL treatments. Sorghum-sudangrass was harvested in June, August and September, and treatments were evaluated for dry matter and N concentration. Soil cores were taken from each plot, split into depths of 0 to 15, 15 to 30 and 30 to 60 cm, and soil C and N were measured using combustion analysis. Nylon mesh bags containing plant samples were buried at 15 cm and used to evaluate decomposition rate of above ground legume biomass, including change in C and N concentrations. Mungbean (Vigna radiata L. [Wilczek]) had the highest shoot biomass yield (6.24 t DM ha-1) and contributed the most total N (167 kg∙ha-1) and total C (3043 kg∙ha-1) of the WSL tested. Decomposition rate of WSL biomass was rapid in the first 10 weeks and very slow afterward. Winter pea (Pisum sativum L. spp. sativum), arrow leaf clover (Trifolium vesiculosum Savi.), and crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) were the most productive CSL in this trial. Austrian winter pea

关键词： Annual Legumes Soil N Soil Organic C Green Manure Deer browse Forage Cropping Systems

Legume Green Manure and Intercropping for High biomass Sorghum Production

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第6期15卷 605-621页

作者： Clark b. neely Francis M. Rouquette Jr. Cristine L. S. Morgan Frank M. Hons William L. Rooney Gerald R. Smith Department of Soil and Crop Science Washington State University Pullman WA USA Texas A&M AgriLife Research Overton TX USA Soil Health Institute Morrisville NC USA Department of Soil and Crop Science Texas A&M University College Station TX USA

before the advent of cheap, synthetic fertilizers, legumes were commonly used as green manure crops for their ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen (N). A three-year study at Overton, TX examined legume integration into high-biomass sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) production systems on a Lilbert loamy fine sand recently cultivated after a fertilized bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] pasture. In this split-split plot design, ‘Dixie’ crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) and ‘Iron and Clay’ cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) were integrated into a high-biomass sorghum production system to evaluate impacts on N concentration, C concentration, and yield of high-biomass sorghum and their impacts on soil total N and soil organic carbon (SOC). Main plots were split into crimson clover green manure (CLGM) and winter fallow (FALL) followed by three sub-plots split into warm-season crop rotations: cowpea green manure (CPGM), cowpea-sorghum intercrop (CPSR), and sorghum monocrop (SORG). Three N fertilizer treatments (0, 45, 90 kg N∙ha−1) were randomized and applied as sub-sub plots. The CLGM increased (P sorghum biomass yield (16.5 t DM∙ha−1) 28% in year three but had no effect in the first two years. The CPSR treatment reduced sorghum yield up to 62% compared to SORG;whereas CPGM increased sorghum yield 56% and 18% the two years following cowpea incorporation. Rate of N fertilizer had no effect on sorghum biomass yield. Decrease in SOC and soil N over time indicated mineralization of organic N and may explain why no N fertilizer response was observed in sorghum biomass yield. Cowpea showed strong potential as a green manure crop but proved to be too competitive for successful intercropping in high-biomass sorghum production systems.

关键词： High-biomass Sorghum Legumes Green Manure Intercrop Cowpea Crimson Clover Soil Organic Carbon Soil Nitrogen

Nutritional geometry framework of sucrose taste in Drosophila

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2023年第4期50卷 233-240页

作者： An-Qi Li Sha-Sha Li Ruo-Xin Zhang Xin-Yuan Zhao Zhi-Ying Liu Yun Hu bei Wang G Gregory neely Stephen J.Simpson Qiao-Ping Wang Laboratory of Metabolism and Aging School of Pharmaceutical Sciences(Shenzhen)Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen UniversityShenzhenGuangdong 518107China The Dr.John and Anne Chong Laboratory for Functional Genomics Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life&Environmental SciencesThe University of SydneySydneyNSW2006Australia Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life&Environmental Sciences The University of SydneySydneyNSW2006Australia

Dietary protein(P)and carbohydrate(C)have a major impact on the sweet taste ***,it remains unclear whether the balance of P and C influences the sweet taste ***,we use the nutritional geometry framework(NGF)to address the interaction of protein and carbohydrates on sweet taste using Drosophila as a *** results reveal that high-protein,low-carbohydrate(HPLC)diets sensitize to sweet taste and low-protein,high-carbohydrate(LPHC)diets desensitize sweet taste in both male and female *** further investigate the underlying mechanisms of the effects of two diets on sweet taste using RNA *** compared to the LPHC diet,the m RNA expression of genes involved in the metabolism of glycine,serine,and threonine is significantly upregulated in the HPLC diet group,suggesting these amino acids may mediate sweet taste *** further find that sweet sensitization occurs in flies fed with the LPHC diet supplemented with serine and *** study demonstrates that sucrose taste sensitivity is affected by the balance of dietary protein and carbohydrates possibly through changes in serine and threonine.

关键词： Nutritional geometry framework Sweet taste Sweet taste sensitivity Micronutrient Dietary balance Protein Carbohydrates Drosophila

Lipopolysaccharide Modified Liposomes for Amyotropic Lateral Sclerosis Therapy: Efficacy in SOD1 Mouse Model

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Advances in Nanoparticles 2012年第3期1卷 44-53页

作者： Nicholas J. Wiley A. b. Madhankumar Ryan M. Mitchell Elizabeth b. neely Elias Rizk Gregory L. Douds Zachary Simmons James R. Connor Department of Neurology Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine/Milton S. Hershey Medical Center Hershey USA George M. Leader Family Laboratory Department of Neurosurgery Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine/Milton S. Hershey Medical Center Hershey USA

Activation of microglia is a histological feature observed in neurodegenerative diseases like ALS. The oral administration of minocycline has been demonstrated to have minimal neuroprotection ability in the animal models and is also associated with inadvertent toxicity due to non-specific oral absorption of the drug. Nonetheless, the drug itself shows promise in a number of disease models suggesting it could be effective if delivered optimally. Thus, we utilized LPS modified liposomes to target TLR4 receptor on the microglia in SOD1G93A mice and compared its efficacy with non- targeted nanoliposomes. The in vitro results indicate that targeting the TLR4 receptor on microglia significantly increases (p G93A mouse model of ALS, targeted and non-targeted minocycline treatment significantly increased (p G93A mice, the non- targeted nanovesicles significantly increased the latency to rotarod failure and both targeted and non-targeted nanovesicles significantly delayed disease endpoints.

关键词： Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Minocycline Liposomes Microglia TLR4 Lipopolysaccharides

EMP control and characterization on high-power laser systems

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2018年第2期6卷 55-62页

作者： P.bradford N.C.Woolsey G.G.Scott G.Liao H.Liu Y.Zhang b.Zhu C.Armstrong S.Astbury C.brenner P.brummitt F.Consoli I.East R.Gray D.Haddock E Huggard E J.R.Jones E.Montgomery I.Musgrave E Oliveira D.R.Rusby C.Spindloe b.Summers E.Zemaityte Z.Zhang Y.Li P.McKenna D.neely Department of Physics York Plasma InstituteUniversity of YorkHeslingtonYork YO10 5DDUK Central Laser Facility STFC Rutherford Appleton LaboratoryDidcot OX110QXUK Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas(Ministry of Education)and School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Institute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Physical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Department of Physics SUPA University of StrathclydeGlasgow G40NGUK ENEA-C.R.Frascati-Dipartimento FSN Via E.Fermi 4500044 FrascatiItaly Space Science Department STFC Rutherford Appleton LaboratoryDidcot OX110QXUK

Giant electromagnetic pulses(EMP) generated during the interaction of high-power lasers with solid targets can seriously degrade electrical measurements and equipment. EMP emission is caused by the acceleration of hot electrons inside the target, which produce radiation across a wide band from DC to terahertz frequencies. Improved understanding and control of EMP is vital as we enter a new era of high repetition rate, high intensity lasers(e.g. the Extreme Light Infrastructure).We present recent data from the VULCAN laser facility that demonstrates how EMP can be readily and effectively reduced. Characterization of the EMP was achieved using b-dot and D-dot probes that took measurements for a range of different target and laser parameters. We demonstrate that target stalk geometry, material composition, geodesic path length and foil surface area can all play a significant role in the reduction of EMP. A combination of electromagnetic wave and 3 D particle-in-cell simulations is used to inform our conclusions about the effects of stalk geometry on EMP,providing an opportunity for comparison with existing charge separation models.

关键词： high energy density physics high-power laser related laser components laser plasmas interaction target design and fabrication

Quantum electrodynamics experiments with colliding petawatt laser pulses

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2019年第1期7卷 74-81页

作者： I. C. E. Turcu b. Shen D. neely G. Sarri K. A. Tanaka P. McKenna S. P. D. Mangles T.-P. Yu W. Luo X.-L. Zhu Y. Yin STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Central Laser Facility School of Electronic Science and Engineering Nanjing University ELI-NP Extreme Light Infrastructure – Nuclear Physics National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering (IFIN HH) State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai Normal University School of Mathematics and Physics Queen’s University Belfast SUPA Department of Physics University of Strathclyde The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science Imperial College London Department of Physics National University of Defense Technology School of Nuclear Science and Technology University of South China Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (MOE) School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong University

A new generation of high power laser facilities will provide laser pulses with extremely high powers of 10 petawatt(PW)and even 100 PW, capable of reaching intensities of 1023 W/cm^2 in the laser focus. These ultra-high intensities are nevertheless lower than the Schwinger intensity IS= 2.3×1029 W/cm^2 at which the theory of quantum electrodynamics(QED) predicts that a large part of the energy of the laser photons will be transformed to hard Gamma-ray photons and even to matter, via electron–positron pair production. To enable the investigation of this physics at the intensities achievable with the next generation of high power laser facilities, an approach involving the interaction of two colliding PW laser pulses is being adopted. Theoretical simulations predict strong QED effects with colliding laser pulses of 10 PW focused to intensities 10^(22) W/cm^2.

关键词： colliding petawatt laser pulses electron-positron pairs creation nonlinear breit-Wheeler process petawatt laser facilities quantum electrodynamics

Functional insights from NESG structures

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Functional insights from NESG structures

Role of magnetic field evolution on filamentary structure formation in intense laser–foil interactions

The 4th ISGO International Conference on Structural Genomics

作者： Farhad Forouhar Jordi benach Alexandre Kuzin Jayaraman Seetharaman Sergey Vorobiev Mariam Abashidze Insun Lee Helen neely Thomas b.Acton M.baran John F.Hunt Gaetano T.Montelione Department of biological Sciences Northeast Structural Genomics Consortium （NESG） Columbia UniversityNew YorkNY 10027USA Department of biological Sciences Northeast Structural Genomics Consortium （NESG） Columbia UniversityNew YorkNY 10027USA Department of biological Sciences Northeast Structural Genomics Consortium （NESG） Columbia UniversityNew YorkNY 10027USA Department of biological Sciences Northeast Structural Genomics Consortium （NESG） Columbia UniversityNew YorkNY 10027USA Department of biological Sciences Northeast Structural Genomics Consortium （NESG） Columbia UniversityNew YorkNY 10027USA Department of biological Sciences Northeast Structural Genomics Consortium （NESG） Columbia UniversityNew YorkNY 10027USA Department of biological Sciences Northeast Structural Genomics Consortium （NESG） Columbia UniversityNew YorkNY 10027USA Department of biological Sciences Northeast Structural Genomics Consortium （NESG） Columbia UniversityNew YorkNY 10027USA Center for Advanced biotechnology and Medicine Northeast Structural Genomics Consortium （NESG） Rutgers University Piscataway NJ 08854 USA Center for Advanced biotechnology and Medicine Northeast Structural Genomics Consortium （NESG） Rutgers University Piscataway NJ 08854 USA Department of biological Sciences Northeast Structural Genomics Consortium （NESG） Columbia UniversityNew YorkNY 10027 USA Center for Advanced biotechnology and Medicine Northeast Structural Genomics Consortium （NESG） Rutgers University Piscataway NJ 08854 USA

＜正＞The structural genomics efforts have successfully determined the structures of a large number of proteins. Another goal of these efforts is to assign function（s） to the proteins based on the structural information, especially for those proteins for which a function could not be inferred from the sequence information only. Using

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2019年第1期7卷 99-106页

作者： M.King N.M.H.butler R.Wilson R.Capdessus R.J.Gray H.W.Powell R.J.Dance H.Padda b.Gonzalez-Izquierdo D.R.Rusby N.P.Dover G.S.Hicks O.C.Ettlinger C.Scullion D.C.Carroll Z.Najmudin M.borghesi D.neely P.McKenna SUPA Department of Physics University of Strathclyde Central Laser Facility STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science Blackett Laboratory Imperial College London Centre for Plasma Physics Queen's University Belfast

Filamentary structures can form within the beam of protons accelerated during the interaction of an intense laser pulse with an ultrathin foil target. Such behaviour is shown to be dependent upon the formation time of quasi-static magnetic field structures throughout the target volume and the extent of the rear surface proton expansion over the same *** is observed via both numerical and experimental investigations. by controlling the intensity profile of the laser drive,via the use of two temporally separated pulses, both the initial rear surface proton expansion and magnetic field formation time can be varied, resulting in modification to the degree of filamentary structure present within the laser-driven proton beam.

关键词： laser-plasma ion acceleration instabilities