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Particle Simulation of the Fast Ignition Mechanism for Laser Fusion

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Chinese Physics Letters 2001年第6期18卷 799-801页

作者： ZHANG Jia-Tai He Bin N.E.andreev Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics P.O.Box 8009Beijing 100088 Joint Institute for High Temperature Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow 127412Russia

We have developed the two and half-dimension electromagnetic relativistic electron and mobile ion cloud-in-cell(CIC)*** of the fast ignition and interaction of ultra-intense and ultra-short pulse laser with plasma are analysed theoretically and simulated numerically using CIC *** flows of relativistic electron and form of the channel are *** results show that the temperature of superhot electron is about MeV to tens of MeV,and the boring velocity is 0.05c-0.1c with c being the light *** preliminary scale laws are *** simulation quantitatively reproduces the experimental results at early and long times.

关键词： relativistic intense dimension

Major Trends in Population Growth Around the World

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China CDC weekly 2021年第28期3卷 604-613页

作者： Danan Gu Kirill andreev Matthew E.Dupre United Nations Population Division New YorkUSA Department of Population Health Sciences&Department of Sociology Duke UniversityNorth CarolinaUSA

Summary The world’s population continues to grow,albeit at a slower *** decelerating growth is mainly attributable to fertility declines in a growing number of ***,there are substantial variations in the future trends of populations across regions and countries,with sub-Saharan African countries being projected to have most of the increase.

关键词： Population Growth fertility

Collimated quasi-monochromatic beams of accelerated electrons in the interaction of a weak-contrast intense femtosecond laser pulse with a metal foil

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2013年第2期1卷 80-87页

作者： Yu.A.Malkov A.N.Stepanov D.A.Yashunin L.P.Pugachev P.R.Levashov N.E.andreev K.Yu.Platonov A.a.andreev Institute of Applied Physics Russian Academy of Sciences ul. Ulyanova 46 603950 Nizhny Novgorod Russia Joint Institute of High Temperatures Russian Academy of Sciences Izhorskaya ul. 13 125412 Moscow Russia Federal State Unitary Enterprise ‘‘Scientific and Industrial Corporation ‘Vavilov State Optical Institute’’’ Birzhevay liniya 12 St 199034 Petersburg Russia

We demonstrated experimentally the formation of monoenergetic beams of accelerated electrons by focusing femtosecond laser radiation with an intensity of 2×1017W/cm2onto the edge of an aluminum *** electrons had energy distributions peaking in the 0.2–0.8 MeV range with energy spread less than 20%.The acceleration mechanism related to the generation of a plasma wave as a result of self-modulation instability of a laser pulse in a dense plasma formed by a prepulse(arriving 12 ns before the main pulse)is ***-dimensional and two-dimensional Particle in Cell(PIC)simulations of the laser–plasma interaction showed that effective excitation of a plasma wave as well as trapping and acceleration of an electron beam with an energy on the order of 1 MeV may occur in the presence of sharp gradients in plasma density and in the temporal shape of the pulse.

关键词： acceleration of electrons femtosecond laser radiation plasma wave self-modulation instability

Review of the relativistic magnetron

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2019年第6期4卷 44-62页

作者： Dmitrii andreev Artem Kuskov Edl Schamiloglu Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNew Mexico 87131-0001USA

The cavity magnetron is the most compact,efficient source of high-power microwave(HPM)*** imprint that the magnetron has had on the world is comparable to the invention of the nuclear ***-and low-power magnetrons are used in many applications,such as radar systems,plasma generation for semiconductor processing,and—the most common—microwave ovens for personal and industrial *** the invention of the magnetron in 1921 by Hull,scientists and engineers have improved and optimized magnetron technology by altering the geometry,materials,and operating conditions,as well as by identifying applications.A major step in advancing magnetrons was the relativistic magnetron introduced by Bekefi and Orzechowski at MIT(USA,1976),followed by the invention of the relativistic magnetron with diffraction output(MDO)by Kovalev and Fuks at the Institute of Applied Physics(Soviet Union,1977).The performance of relativistic magnetrons did not advance significantly thereafter until researchers at the University of Michigan and University of New Mexico(UNM)independently introduced new priming techniques and new cathode topologies in the 2000s,and researchers in Japan identified a flaw in the original Soviet MDO ***,the efficiency of the MDO has reached 92%with the introduction of a virtual cathode and magnetic mirror,proposed by Fuks and Schamiloglu at UNM(2018).This article presents a historical review of the progression of the magnetron from a device intended to operate as a high-voltage switch controlled by the magnetic field that Hull published in 1921,to the most compact and efficientHPMsource in the twenty-first century.

关键词： relativistic microwave mirror

Optical properties and phase-matching in LiInS2

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Chinese Optics Letters 2003年第4期1卷 237-240页

作者：黄金哲任德明胡孝勇曲彦臣 Yuri andreev Pavel Geiko Anna Shaiduko Sergey Grechin Institute of Opto-Electronics Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001 Institute of Optical Monitoring SB RAS Tomsk 634055 Russia SRIRL Bauman Moscow State Technical University Moscow 107005 Russia

Investigation results on linear and non-linear optical properties, damage threshold and potential efficiencies of biaxial negative LiInS2 crystal are represented. It shows that the crystal has phase-matching and group-velocity matching in wide spectral range for second harmonic, sum- and difference-frequency generation of visible, near and middle IR lasers. The possibilities of designing middle IR optical parametric oscillator (OPO) pumped by Nd:YAG and dye lasers and specially possibility of frequency conversion with 3 um range femtosecond erbium lasers are given.

关键词： Crystals Optical frequency conversion Optically pumped lasers

Problems and Characteristics of Russian Platinum Metals Exporters

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贵金属 2012年第A1期33卷 284-286页

作者： andreev A. M. KELCHEVSKAYA N. R. JSC "Ekaterinburg non-ferrous metals processing plant" The Urals Federal University by name of the first President of Russia Boris Yeltsin" Ekaterinburg Russia.

The paper revealed the place and role of Russia in the global market of platinum metals, highlighted features of pricing in the export of Russian platinum group metals, the main problems of pricing in the export contracts related to the instability of markets and imperfect currency and customs legislation of the Russian Federation, proposed innovative ways to solutions to existing problems in the preparation and conclusion of export contracts.

关键词： platinum metals Russia pricing export contracts customs duties customs fees customs value stock quotes discount

Nanostructured TiO2(B):the effect of size and shape on anode properties for Li-ion batteries

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2013年第3期23卷 235-244页

作者： Zheng Liu Yuri G.andreev A.Robert Armstrong Sergio Brutti Yu Ren Peter G.Bruce School of Chemistry and EaStChem University of St AndrewsSt AndrewsFife KY16 9STUK Dipartimento di Scienze Unversità della BasilicataV.le Ateneo Lucano 10Potenza 85100Italy National Institute of Clean-and-low-carbon Energy(NICE) Future Science& Technology CityChangping

Reducing the dimensions of electrode materials from the micron to the nanoscale can have a profound influence on their properties and hence on the performance of electrochemical devices,***-ion batteries,that employ such ***2(B) has received growing interest as a possible anode for Li-ion batteries in recent *** offers the possibility of higher energy storage compared with the commercialized ***,nanowire,nanotube,and nanoparticle morphologies have been prepared and ***,to date these materials have not be compared in one *** the current review we first summarize the different synthesis methods for the preparation of nanostructured TiO2(B);then present the effects of size and shape on the electrochemical *** TiO2(B) with nanometer dimensions exhibit a higher capacity to store Li,regardless of rate,due to structural distortions inherent at the nanoscale.

关键词： TiO2(B) Synthesis Anode Nanostructure Li-ion batteries

Resources of coal methane and problems in their development

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Global Geology 2006年第2期9卷 173-175页

作者： A.V.andreev Far Eastern State Technical University Vladivostok 690060Russia

The coal deposits methane is one of the type ecological mineral-raw materials *** methane reasonable extract from coal-methane deposits at the same time with mining of *** is the most economical way of the coal methane *** Russian coal basins are a large domestic raw materials base for energy,metallurgical and coke *** are the 77% of all mines have volume of gas in Kuzbass,Vorkuta and other mining industrial regions of *** coal deposits is disposed the most largest in the world coal deposits and are most methane-bearing capacity coal seams:8.1 kg/t methane of coal,to compare with 7.4 kg/t in Great Britain,6.7 kg/t in China,5.0 kg/t in USA and 3.6 kg/t in Germany.

关键词：煤资源甲烷发展沉淀物

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不同纯度金属铍热处理时剩余电阻的变化

稀有金属材料与工程 2007年第8期36卷 1354-1357页

作者：张青来 Bondarev A B andreev V A 王粒粒胡永学江苏大学 Industrial Center MATEKS Ltd Moscow 121596Russia

运用测量剩余电阻的方法,研究了4.2K温度时不同纯度的铍中剩余相的分解与其溶解动力学。结果表明:时效有效温度取决于金属中含有杂质的数量,随杂质数量的增加而提高;高纯度铍(～99.94%)如微合金一样也具有时效倾向;应用剩余电阻概念研... 详细信息

运用测量剩余电阻的方法,研究了4.2K温度时不同纯度的铍中剩余相的分解与其溶解动力学。结果表明:时效有效温度取决于金属中含有杂质的数量,随杂质数量的增加而提高;高纯度铍(～99.94%)如微合金一样也具有时效倾向;应用剩余电阻概念研究纯铍内部结构转变是非常有效的方法,它可记录时效过程初始阶段的变化(如400℃铍中扩散分解),这些变化用微观观察或X射线衍射分析很难得到。

关键词：剩余电阻铍时效动力学