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再认、思维和学习的信息过程

心理科学通讯 1989年第3期12卷 33-37页

作者： Herbert a.simon 荆其诚罗春荣美国卡内基—梅隆大学中国科学院心理研究所

心理学史上的重大进展往往是通过从自然科学其它分支借用来的理论和概念的结合而产生的。自从心理学的“派别”之争逐渐平息,研究转向事实的积累,并采用多学科的研究方法以加强心理学的科学性以来,情况更是如此(荆其诚,1962,1982)。过... 详细信息

心理学史上的重大进展往往是通过从自然科学其它分支借用来的理论和概念的结合而产生的。自从心理学的“派别”之争逐渐平息,研究转向事实的积累,并采用多学科的研究方法以加强心理学的科学性以来,情况更是如此(荆其诚,1962,1982)。过去三十年中,在解释认知过程作为由物理符号系统实现的过程方面已经取得很大的进展。这些进展导致了现在通常称为认知科学的新学科的诞生,

关键词：物理符号系统假设信息过程认知心理学再认思维研究方法认知过程心理学史心身问题客体

Magnetotactic bacteria from the human gut microbiome associated with orientation and navigation regions of the brain

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2021年第6期39卷 2044-2052页

作者： Rozalyn a.simon Purnika Damindi RANASINGHE Nawroz BARAZANJI Malin Bergman JUNGESTRÖM Jie XU Olga BEDNARSKA Lena SERRANDER Maria ENGSTRÖM Dennis A.BAZYLINSKI Åsa V.KEITA Susanna WALTER Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization(CMIV) Linköping UniversityLinköping 58183Sweden Department of Health Medicineand Caring SciencesLinköping UniversityLinköping 58183Sweden Division of Infection and Infl ammation Department of Biomedical and Clinical SciencesLinköping UniversityLinköping 58183Sweden Institute of Global Food Security School of Biological SciencesQueen’s University BelfastBelfast BT95DLUnited Kingdom School of Life Sciences University of Nevada at Las VegasLas VegasNevada 89154USA Division of Surgery Orthopedics and OncologyDepartment of Clinical and Experimental MedicineLinköping UniversityLinköping 58183Sweden

Magnetotactic bacteria(MTB),ubiquitous in soil and fresh and saltwater sources have been identified in the microbiome of humans and many *** endogenously produce magnetic nanocrystals enabling them to orient and navigate along geomagnetic *** magnetite deposits have been found throughout the tissues of the human brain,including brain regions associated with orientation such as the cerebellum and hippocampus,the origins of which remain *** over the role and source of MTB in humans,as well as any association with the brain,remain *** performed a metagenomic analysis of the gut microbiome of 34 healthy females as well as grey matter volume analysis in magnetite-rich brain regions associated with orientation and navigation with the goal of identifying specific MTB that could be associated with brain structure in orientation and navigation *** identified seven MTB in the human gut microbiome:Magnetococcus marinus,Magnetospira ***-2,Magnetospirillum magneticum,Magnetospirillum ***-1,Magnetospirillum ***-1,Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense,and Desulfovibrio *** preliminary results show significant negative associations between multiple MTB with bilateral flocculonodular lobes of the cerebellum and hippocampus(adjusted for total intracranial volume,uncorrected P<0.05).These findings indicate that MTB in the gut are associated with grey matter volume in magnetite-rich brain regions related to orientation and *** preliminary findings support MTB as a potential biogenic source for brain magnetite in *** studies will be necessary to validate and elucidate the relationship between these bacteria,magnetite concentrations,and brain function.

关键词： magnetotactic bacteria human microbiome microbiota-gut-brain axis magnetoreception

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计算机科学的某些方向

计算机科学 1991年第1期18卷 20-26页

作者： Herbert a.simon 李波康建初罗玉龙卡内基-梅隆大学计算机学院

最近我们收到美国卡内基-梅隆大学(CMU)计算机学院的一份研究指南(Fa-culty Research Guide1989—1990),其中有不少是世界著名计算机科学家所写。我们作了摘译,介绍该学院部分学者的研究方向以供国内同行参考。

关键词：计算机人工智能美国科学研究

Differential truncation and uridyiation patterns of microRNAs in plant hen1 mutants reveal distinct routes of microRNA turnover

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Differential truncation and uridyiation patterns of microRNA...

第十三届全国植物基因组学大会

作者： Blake C.Meyers Stacey a.simon Katherine Petsch Marja Timmermans University of Delaware Dept.of Plant & Soil SciencesNewarkDE19711USA Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Cold Spring HarborNY 11724USA

miRNA levels depend on both biogenesis and *** methyltransferase HEN1 stabilizes plant miRNAs,animal piRNAs,and siRNAs in both kingdoms via 3’ terminal *** of HEN1 in plants results in non-templated oligouridylation and accelerated degradation of *** hen1 mutants from Arabidopsis,rice and maize,we found that the patterns of miRNA truncation and

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氟氢化物铁电材料

激光与红外 1980年第3期 59-60页

作者： a.simon 振亚

氟氧化合物是铁电材料中一新族。由化学健的考虑得出关于氟取代氧对居里温度和自发极化的影响的解释。目前所知的铁电体的氟氧化物及其结构和居里温度均在表中列出。

关键词：铁电材料自发极化赛格涅特电材料电介质极化(电子学) 转变温度居里温度氟氧化物

普罗米修斯,还是潘朵拉?——自动化对社会的影响

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世界科学 1983年第1期 42-47页

作者： Herber a.simon 娄承肇美国卡内基-梅隆大学

我今天讲演的题目提到两个希腊神话里的人物:普罗米修斯和潘朵拉,这两个名字特别适合反映出西方对于潜在技术威力的认识。其一是普罗米修斯,他从天神那里盗来火种交给人类,后来被锁在岩石上每天任凭神鹰啄食而遭受折磨。虽然普罗米修斯... 详细信息

我今天讲演的题目提到两个希腊神话里的人物:普罗米修斯和潘朵拉,这两个名字特别适合反映出西方对于潜在技术威力的认识。其一是普罗米修斯,他从天神那里盗来火种交给人类,后来被锁在岩石上每天任凭神鹰啄食而遭受折磨。虽然普罗米修斯遭此不幸,但是这个故事告诉人们,火至少于人类是件好东西。其二是潘朵拉,她让人感到好奇心(求知欲),有时侯也会导致罪恶而非善行为。当潘朵拉打开盒子的时侯,瘟疫、罪恶、疯狂等各种灾祸全跑了出来,她再也未能盖上盒盖。对于技术,也许是对现今存在的技术来说,我们持有这样并行不悖而又大相径庭的两种态度。现在我要谈到计算机技术。我不想讲实物,比

关键词：人类计算机程序机器设备生产率

Estimation of α/β ratio for late rectal toxicity from localized prostate cancer irradiation

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Estimation of α/β ratio for late rectal toxicity from loca...

Data-driven diagnosis of high temperature PEM fuel cells based on the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy: Robustness improvement and evaluation

第八届中国肿瘤学术大会暨第十三届海峡两岸肿瘤学术会议

作者： Jian Zhu a.simon A.Bossi T.Messai J.D.Ospina B.Li H.Shu R.de Crevoisier University of Rennes 1 LTSI Campus de Beaulieu INSERM U1099 Campus de Beaulieu Laboratory of Image Science and Technology Southeast University Departement de Radiothérapie Institut Gustave Roussy Villejuif Department of Radiation Oncology Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute

＜正＞Purpose To estimate theα/βratio of late rectal toxicity in case of prostate cancer radiotherapy;and to investigate whether correcting the rectal dose-volume histogram（DVH）for differences in dose per fraction...

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第9期96卷 544-558页

作者： Dan Yu Xingjun Li Samuel simon Araya.simon Lennart Sahlin Vincenzo Liso Department of Energy Aalborg UniversityAalborg 9220Denmark Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Texas at AustinAustinTX 78712USA Materials Research and Technology Development Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology(LIST)4422 BelvauxLuxembourg

Utilizing machine learning techniques for data-driven diagnosis of high temperature PEM fuel cells is beneficial and meaningful to the system durability. Nevertheless, ensuring the robustness of diagnosis remains a critical and challenging task in real application. To enhance the robustness of diagnosis and achieve a more thorough evaluation of diagnostic performance, a robust diagnostic procedure based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and a new method for evaluation of the diagnosis robustness was proposed and investigated in this work. To improve the diagnosis robustness: (1) the degradation mechanism of different faults in the high temperature PEM fuel cell was first analyzed via the distribution of relaxation time of EIS to determine the equivalent circuit model (ECM) with better interpretability, simplicity and accuracy;(2) the feature extraction was implemented on the identified parameters of the ECM and extra attention was paid to distinguishing between the long-term normal degradation and other faults;(3) a Siamese Network was adopted to get features with higher robustness in a new embedding. The diagnosis was conducted using 6 classic classification algorithms—support vector machine (SVM), K-nearest neighbor (KNN), logistic regression (LR), decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), and Naive Bayes employing a dataset comprising a total of 1935 collected EIS. To evaluate the robustness of trained models: (1) different levels of errors were added to the features for performance evaluation;(2) a robustness coefficient (Roubust_C) was defined for a quantified and explicit evaluation of the diagnosis robustness. The diagnostic models employing the proposed feature extraction method can not only achieve the higher performance of around 100% but also higher robustness for diagnosis models. Despite the initial performance being similar, the KNN demonstrated a superior robustness after feature selection and re-embedding by triplet-loss method, which sug

关键词： PEM fuel cell Data-driven diagnosis Robustness improvement and evaluation Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

In situ characterization of particle formation in spray flame synthesis using wide-angle light scattering

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Particuology 2024年第3期86卷 304-312页

作者： simon Aβmann Franz J.T.Huber Stefan Will Lehrstuhl für Technische Thermodynamik(LTT) Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nürnberg(FAU)Erlangen91058Germany Erlangen Graduate Schoolin Advanced Optical Technologies(SAOT) Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg(FAU)Erlangen91052Germany Competence Unit Engineering of Advanced Materials(EAM) Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nürnberg(FAU)Erlangen91052Germany

Wide-angle light scattering(WALS)was used for in situ measurements of droplet and nanoparticle size distributions during the synthesis of titania and iron oxide particles from liquid precursor solutions in the standardized SpraySyn burner for spray flame *** was synthesized from titanium tetraisopropoxide(TTIP)and iron oxide from iron(II)nitrate nonahydrate(INN)using ethanol(EtOH)as *** images were taken at heights up to 120 mm above the burner surface and classified into droplet and particle *** size distributions were derived from a sequential analysis of scattering data containing the oscillating Mie pattern,the lognormal size distribution parameters for spherical and fractal particle fractions from a multivariate approach on averaged particle scattering *** results show that the precursor addition leads to altered evaporation behavior and even droplet disruption probably induced by puffing or micro-explosions compared to pure *** the case of TTIP(a hygroscopic alkoxide),the synthesis of a large fraction of spheres was observed,while the nitrate INN leads to the formation of mostly fractal aggregates.

关键词： Spray flame synthesis Metal oxide particles Elastic light scattering Droplet size distribution Nanoparticle morphology Particle size distribution