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How expensive is inflammatory bowel disease? A critical analysis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第43期14卷 6641-6647页

作者： selwyn Odes Inflammatory Bowcl Diseases Unit Department of Gastroenterology and HcpatologySoroka Medical Center and Ben Gurion University of the NcgevPO Box 151Beer Sheva 84101Israel

Economic analysis of chronic diseases is required for proper allocation of resources and understanding costeffectiveness studies of new therapies. Studies on health care cost of ulcerative colitis （UC） and Crohn＇s disease （CD） are reviewed here. These studies were carried out in various countries with disparate health care systems. In the United States, data were often modeled or retrieved from large insurance schemes. Surgery and in-patient hospitalization accounted for over half the outlay on UC and CD. Fistulous disease in CD and parenteral nutrition were very costly. In Canada, overall charges were lower than in the United States, but there too, surgical costs were relatively high. In European studies, economic data were abstracted directly from patients＇ files. One pan-European study examined the outlay on UC and CD in a community-based prospective inception cohort followed for 10 years. Overall costs in Europe were lower than in the United States. Surgery, hospitalization, year of follow-up, disease phenotype in CD and ASCA-positivity impacted significantly on costs. In all studies, the cost data were right skewed, aminosalicylates were expensive drugs, and biological agents the most expensive; moreover indirect costs were not calculated. Infliximab raised costs considerably in CD, but there were no long-term followup studies, so that the cost-benefit of biological agents remains unknown. In conclusion, costs of managing UC and CD vary by country, surgery, genotype and several other factors. The most important question for further research is whether the biological therapies are cost-effective in the long-term.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Ulcerative colitis Crohn's disease Cost-analysis Medical economics

Post-appendectomy pelvic abscess with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Escherichia coli : A case report and review of literature

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2018年第16期6卷 1175-1181页

作者： Andrew Tse Rajkumar Cheluvappa.selwyn Selvendran Department of Surgery St George Public Hospital St George and Sutherland Clinical School University of New South Wales BN Program Discipline of Nursing and Midwifery University of Canberra

BACKGROUND Appendicitis, the inflammation of the appendix, is the most common abdominal surgical emergency requiring expedient surgical intervention. Extendedspectrum beta-lactamases(ESBLs) are bacterial enzymes that catalyse the degradation of the betalactam ring of penicillins and cephalosporins(but without carbapenemase activity), leading to resistance of these bacteria to beta-lactam antibiotics. Recent increases in incidence of ESBL-producing bacteria have caused alarm worldwide. Proportion estimates of ESBLEnterobacteriaceae hover around 46% in China, 42% in East Africa, 12% in Germany, and 8% in the United *** SUMMARY The impact of ESBL-producing bacteria on appendiceal abscesses and consequent pelvic abscesses are yet to be examined in depth. A literature review using the search words "appendiceal abscesses" and "ESBL Escherichia coli(E. coli)" revealed very few cases involving ESBL E. coli in any capacity in the context of appendiceal abscesses. This report describes the clinical aspects of a patient with appendicitis whodeveloped a postoperative pelvic abscess infected with ESBL-producing E. coli. In this report, we discuss the risk factors for contracting ESBL E. coli infection in appendicitis and post-appendectomy pelvis abscesses. We also discuss our management approach for postappendectomy ESBL E. coli pelvic abscesses, including drainage, pathogen identification, and pathogen characterisation. When ESBL E. coli is confirmed, carbapenem antibiotics should be promptly administered, as was done efficaciously with this patient. Our report is the first one in a developed country involving ESBL E. coli related surgical complications in association with a routine laparoscopic *** Our report is the first involving ESBL E. coli and appendiceal abscesses, and that too consequent to laparoscopic appendectomy.

关键词： Appendectomy Appendiceal abscess Appendicitis Beta-Lactam Antibiotic resistance Beta-Lactamase Carbanepem Cephalosporin Escherichia coli Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase Infection Pelvic abscess Penicillin Case report

Mechanical and wear behaviour of AZ91D magnesium matrix hybrid composite reinforced with boron carbide and graphite

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2017年第1期5卷 20-25页

作者： I.Aatthisugan A.Razal Rose D.selwyn Jebadurai department of mechanical engineering srm universitykattankulathurkancheepuram districttamil nadu 603203india

In this experimental study,magnesium(AZ91D)based boron carbide(B4C)and graphite(Gr)particle reinforced hybrid composite materials were manufactured by stir *** tribological and mechanical properties of these composite materials were *** results of the tests revealed that the graphite reinforced hybrid composites exhibited a lower wear loss compared to the unreinforced AZ91D alloy and AZ91D–B4C *** was found that with an increase in the B4C content,the wear resistance increased monotonically with hardness and ultimate tensile strength *** study revealed that the addition of both a hard reinforcement(e.g.,B4C)and soft reinforcement(e.g.,graphite)significantly improves the wear resistance of magnesium *** entire results designate that the hybrid magnesium composites can be considered as an excellent material where high strength,ultimate tensile strength and wear-resistant components are of major importance,primarily in the aerospace and automotive engineering sectors.

关键词： Stir casting Hybrid composite Magnesium AZ91D Mechanical Wear Boron carbide

MetaOracle:A High-Throughput Decentralized Oracle for Web 3.0-Empowered Metaverse

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ZTE Communications 2024年第2期22卷 11-18页

作者： CHEN Rui LI Hui LI Wuyang BAI He WANG Han WU Naixing FAN Ping KANG Jian selwyn DENG ZHU Xiang School of Electronic and Computer Engineering Peking UniversityShenzhen 518055China China United Network Communications Co. Ltd.Shenzhen BranchShenzhen 518031China

Recent rapid advancements in communication technology have brought forth the era of Web 3.0,representing a substantial transformation in the Internet *** shift has led to the emergence of various decentralized metaverse applications that leverage blockchain as their underlying technology to enable users to exchange value directly from point to ***,blockchains are blind to the real world,and smart contracts cannot directly access data from the external *** address this limitation,the technology of oracles has been introduced to provide real-world data for smart contracts and other blockchain *** this paper,we focus on mitigating the risks associated with oracles providing corrupt or incorrect *** propose a novel Web 3.0 architecture for the Metaverse based on the multiidentifier network(MIN),and its decentralized blockchain oracle model called Meta *** experimental results show that the proposed scheme can achieve minor time investment in return for significantly more reliable data and increased throughput.

关键词： Web 3.0 metaverse blockchain smart contract oracle

Data-Oriented Operating System for Big Data and Cloud

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Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 2024年第4期39卷 633-647页

作者： selwyn Darryl Kessler Kok-Why Ng Su-Cheng Haw Faculty of Computing and Informatics Multimedia UniversityCyberjaya63100Malaysia

Operating System(OS)is a critical piece of software that manages a computer’s hardware and resources,acting as the intermediary between the computer and the *** existing OS is not designed for Big Data and Cloud Computing,resulting in data processing and management *** paper proposes a simplified and improved kernel on an x86 system designed for Big Data and Cloud Computing *** proposed algorithm utilizes the performance benefits from the improved Input/Output(I/O)*** performance engineering runs the data-oriented design on traditional data management to improve data processing speed by reducing memory access overheads in conventional data *** OS incorporates a data-oriented design to“modernize”various Data Science and management *** resulting OS contains a basic input/output system(BIOS)bootloader that boots into Intel 32-bit protected mode,a text display terminal,4 GB paging memory,4096 heap block size,a Hard Disk Drive(HDD)I/O Advanced Technology Attachment(ATA)driver and *** are also I/O scheduling algorithm prototypes that demonstrate how a simple Sweeping algorithm is superior to more conventionally known I/O scheduling algorithms.A MapReduce prototype is implemented using Message Passing Interface(MPI)for big data *** attempt was made to optimize binary search using modern performance engineering and data-oriented design.

关键词： Operating system big data cloud computing MapReduce data-oriented