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MHD axisymmetric flow of third grade fluid between porous disks with heat transfer

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2012年第6期33卷 749-764页

作者： T.HAYAT a.shafiq M.NAWAZ A.ALSAEDI Department of Mathematics Quaid-i-Azam University Department of Humanities and Sciences Institute of Space Technology Department of Mathematics Faculty of ScienceKing Abdulaziz University

The magnetohydrodynamic （MHD） flow of the third grade fluid between two permeable disks with heat transfer is investigated. The governing partial differential equa- tions are converted into the ordinary differential equations by suitable transformations. The transformed equations are solved by the homotopy analysis method （HAM）. The expressions for square residual errors are defined, and the optimal values of convergence- control parameters are selected. The dimensionless velocity and temperature fields are examined for various dimensionless parameters. The skin friction coefficient and the Nus- selt number are tabulated to analyze the effects of dimensionless parameters.

关键词： heat transfer axisymmetric flow third grade fluid porous disk skin fric-tion coefficient Nusselt number

Secure Channel Estimation Using Norm Estimation Model for 5G Next Generation Wireless Networks

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第1期82卷 1151-1169页

作者： Khalil Ullah Song Jian Muhammad Naeem Ul Hassan Suliman Khan Mohammad Babar Arshad Ahmad shafiq Ahmad Faculty of Information Engineering and Automation Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunming650500China Department of Computer Science Abbottabad University of Science and TechnologyHavelianAbbottabad22500Pakistan Department of Computing and Electronics Engineering Middle East CollegeMuscat124Oman Department of CS&IT Pak-Austria Fachhochschule Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology MangHaripur22621Pakistan Industrial Engineering Department College of EngineeringKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11421Saudi Arabia

The emergence of next generation networks(NextG),including 5G and beyond,is reshaping the technological landscape of cellular and mobile *** networks are sufficiently scaled to interconnect billions of users and *** in academia and industry are focusing on technological advancements to achieve highspeed transmission,cell planning,and latency reduction to facilitate emerging applications such as virtual reality,the metaverse,smart cities,smart health,and autonomous *** continuously improves its network functionality to support these *** input multiple output(MIMO)technology offers spectral efficiency,dependability,and overall performance in *** article proposes a secure channel estimation technique in MIMO topology using a norm-estimation model to provide comprehensive insights into protecting NextG network components against adversarial *** technique aims to create long-lasting and secure NextG networks using this extended *** viability of MIMO applications and modern AI-driven methodologies to combat cybersecurity threats are explored in this ***,the proposed model demonstrates high performance in terms of reliability and accuracy,with a 20%reduction in the MalOut-RealOut-Diff metric compared to existing state-of-the-art techniques.

关键词： Next generation networks massive mimo communication network artificial intelligence 5G adversarial attacks channel estimation information security

Suppression and synchronization of chaos in uncertain time-delay physical system

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Applied Mathematics(A Journal of Chinese Universities) 2024年第3期39卷 416-437页

作者： Israr Ahmad Muhammad shafiq Department of Preparatory Studies Centre University of Technology and Applied SciencesNizwaOman Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Sultan Qaboos UniversityOman

The mechanical horizontal platform(MHP)system exhibits a rich chaotic *** chaotic MHP system has applications in the earthquake and offshore *** article proposes a robust adaptive continuous control(RACC)*** investigates the control and synchronization of chaos in the uncertain MHP system with time-delay in the presence of unknown state-dependent and time-dependent *** closed-loop system contains most of the nonlinear terms that enhance the complexity of the dynamical system;it improves the efficiency of the *** proposed RACC approach(a)accomplishes faster convergence of the perturbed state variables(synchronization errors)to the desired steady-state,(b)eradicates the effect of unknown state-dependent and time-dependent disturbances,and(c)suppresses undesirable chattering in the feedback control *** paper describes a detailed closed-loop stability analysis based on the Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional theory and Lyapunov stability *** provides parameter adaptation laws that confirm the convergence of the uncertain parameters to some constant *** computer simulation results endorse the theoretical findings and provide a comparative performance.

关键词： chaotic horizontal platform system chaos suppression chaos synchronization robust adaptive control Lyapunov stability theory

Fault Tolerant Optical Mark Recognition

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第2期74卷 3829-3847页

作者： Qamar Hafeez Waqar Aslam M.Ikramullah Lali shafiq Ahmad Mejdal Alqahtani Muhammad shafiq Department of Computer Science&IT The Islamia University of Bahawalpur63100Pakistan Department of Information Sciences The University of EducationLahore54770Pakistan Industrial Engineering Department College of EngineeringKing Saud UniversityP.O.Box 800Riyadh11421Saudi Arabia Department of Information and Communication Engineering Yeungnam UniversityGyeongsan38541Korea

OpticalMark Recognition(OMR)systems have been studied since *** is widely accepted as a data entry *** technology is used for surveys and multiple-choice *** to its ease of use,OMR technology has grown in popularity over the past two decades and is widely used in universities and colleges to automatically grade and grade student responses to *** accuracy of OMR systems is very important due to the environment inwhich they are *** relies on pixel projection or Hough transform to determine the exact answer in the *** techniques rely on majority voting to approximate a predetermined *** performance of these systems depends on precise input from dedicated *** and scanning OMR tables introduces artifacts that make table processing *** observation is a fundamental limitation of traditional pixel projection and Hough transform *** on the type of artifact introduced,accuracy is affected *** classified the types of errors and their frequency according to the artifacts in the OMR *** a major contribution,we propose an improved algorithm that fixes errors due to *** proposal is based on the Hough transform for improving the accuracy of bias correction mechanisms in OMR *** a minor contribution,our proposal also improves the accuracy of detecting markers in OMR *** results show an improvement in accuracy over existing algorithms in each of the identified *** improvement increases confidence in OMR document processing and increases efficiency when using automated OMR document processing.

关键词： Optical mark recognition fault recognition marking system

Robust Adaptive Multi-Switching Synchronization of Multiple Different Orders Unknown Chaotic Systems

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2020年第5期33卷 1330-1359页

作者： MUHAMMAD shafiq ISRAR Ahmad AMBUSAIDI Mohammed BASHIR Naderi Department of Electrical Engineering Sultan Qaboos UniversityOman Department of General Requirements College of Appled Sciences NizwaOman Department of Mathematics Payame Noor University

Multi-switching synchronizatio of multiple different orders unknown chaotisystems confines hacking in the digital transmission ***,the suppression of undesirable chattering increases synchronization *** paper proposes a new robust synchronization contro technique and discusses the MSS of multiple different orders UC *** controller accomplishe quick convergence reduces the transient oscillations,an the rate of convergence decreases in the vicinity of the origin that causes the suppression of *** based on the Lyapunov direct method assures this convergence behavior with any positive values of the feedback *** work also provides parameters updated law that estimates the true values of unknown *** examples of five UC systems different orders are *** computer based graphical results validate the efficiency and performance of the proposed RASC technique and the synchronization strategy when compare to peer *** the simulation,the proposed synchronization strategy successfully recovers an encrypted received image on a communication *** article suggests some future research problems to extend the use of the proposed work.

关键词： Chaos synchronization Lyapunov stability theory robust adaptive controller unknown chaotic systems

Effect of silica fume on the fresh and hardened properties of fly ash-based self-compacting geopolymer concrete

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2013年第2期20卷 205-213页

作者： Fareed Ahmed Memon Muhd Fadhil Nuruddin Nasir shafiq Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversiti Teknologi PETRONAS Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of EngineeringMehran University of Engineering and Technology

The effect of silica fume on the fresh and hardened properties of fly ash-based self-compacting geopolymer concrete （SCGC） was investigated in this paper. The work focused on the concrete mixes with a fixed water-to-geopolymer solid （W/Gs） ratio of 0.33 by mass and a constant total binder content of 400 kg/m3. The mass fractions of silica fume that replaced fly ash in this research were 0wt%, 5wt%, 10wt%, and 15wt%. The workability-related fresh properties of SCGC were assessed through slump flow, V-funnel, and L-box test methods. Hardened concrete tests were limited to compressive, splitting tensile and flexural strengths, all of which were measured at the age of 1, 7, and 28 d after 48-h oven curing. The results indicate that the addition of silica fume as a partial replacement of fly ash results in the loss of workability; nevertheless, the mechanical properties of hardened SCGC are significantly improved by incorporating silica fume, especially up to 10wt%. Applying this percentage of silica fume results in 4.3% reduction in the slump flow; however, it increases the compressive strength by 6.9%, tensile strength by 12.8% and flexural strength by 11.5%.

关键词： geopolymer concrete silica fume fresh properties compressive strength tensile strength flexural strength

Intelligent Systems and Photovoltaic Cells Empowered Topologically by Sudoku Networks

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第2期74卷 4221-4238页

作者： Khalid Hamid Muhammad Waseem Iqbal MUsman Ashraf Akber Abid Gardezi shafiq Ahmad Mejdal Alqahtani Muhammad shafiq Department of Computer Science Superior UniversityLahore54000Pakistan Department of Software Engineering Superior UniversityLahore54000Pakistan Department of Computer Science GC Women UniversitySialkot51310Pakistan Department of Computer Science COMSATS University IslamabadIslamabad45550Pakistan Industrial Engineering Department College of EngineeringKing Saud UniversityP.O.Box 800Riyadh11421Saudi Arabia Department of Information and Communication Engineering Yeungnam UniversityGyeongsan38541Korea

A graph invariant is a number that can be easily and uniquely calculated through a ***,part of mathematical graph invariants has been portrayed and utilized for relationship ***,no reliable appraisal has been embraced to pick,how much these invariants are associated with a network graph in interconnection networks of various fields of computer science,physics,and *** this paper,the study talks about sudoku networks will be networks of fractal nature having some applications in computer science like sudoku puzzle game,intelligent systems,Local area network(LAN)development and parallel processors interconnections,music composition creation,physics like power generation interconnections,Photovoltaic(PV)cells and chemistry,synthesis of chemical *** networks are generally utilized in disorder,fractals,recursive groupings,and complex *** outcomes are the normal speculations of currently accessible outcomes for specific classes of such kinds of networks of two unmistakable sorts with two invariants K-banhatti sombor(KBSO)invariants,Irregularity sombor(ISO)index,Contraharmonic-quadratic invariants(CQIs)and dharwad invariants with their reduced *** study solved the Sudoku network used in mentioned systems to improve the performance and find irregularities present in *** calculated outcomes can be utilized for the modeling,scalability,introduction of new architectures of sudoku puzzle games,intelligent systems,PV cells,interconnection networks,chemical compounds,and extremely huge scope in very large-scale integrated circuits(VLSI)of processors.

关键词： Sudoku dharwad KBSO indices CQIs network graph intelligent system photovoltaic cells

Translation of English Language into Urdu Language Using LSTM Model

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第2期74卷 3899-3912页

作者： Sajadul Hassan Kumhar Syed Immamul Ansarullah Akber Abid Gardezi shafiq Ahmad Abdelaty Edrees Sayed Muhammad shafiq SSSUTMS Sehore466001India Department of Computer Science GDC SumbalJ&K193502India Department of Computer Science COMSATS University IslamabadIslamabad45550Pakistan Industrial Engineering Department College of EngineeringKing Saud UniversityP.O.Box 800Riyadh11421Saudi Arabia Department of Information and Communication Engineering Yeungnam UniversityGyeongsan38541Korea

English to Urdu machine translation is still in its beginning and lacks simple translation methods to provide motivating and adequate English to Urdu *** order tomake knowledge available to the masses,there should be mechanisms and tools in place to make things understandable by translating from source language to target language in an automated *** translation has achieved this goal with encouraging *** decoding the source text into the target language,the translator checks all the characteristics of the *** achieve machine translation,rule-based,computational,hybrid and neural machine translation approaches have been proposed to automate the *** this research work,a neural machine translation approach is employed to translate English text into *** Short Term Short Model(LSTM)Encoder Decoder is used to translate English to *** various steps required to perform translation tasks include preprocessing,tokenization,grammar and sentence structure analysis,word embeddings,training data preparation,encoder-decoder models,and output text *** results show that the model used in the research work shows better performance in *** results were evaluated using bilingual research metrics and showed that the test and training data yielded the highest score sequences with an effective length of ten(10).

关键词： Machine translation Urdu language word embedding

Stratified magnetohydrodynamic flow of tangent hyperbolic nanofluid induced by inclined sheet

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2017年第2期38卷 271-288页

作者： T. HAYAT M. MUMTAZ A. shafiq A. ALSAEDI Department of Mathematics Quaid-i-Azam University 45320 Islamabad 44000 Pakistan Nonlinear Analysis and Applied Mathematics (NAAM) Research Group Department of Mathematics Faculty of Science King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia Department of Mathematics Preston University Kohat Islamabad Campus Islamabad 44000 Pakistan

This paper studies stratified magnetohydrodynamic （MHD） flow of tan- gent hyperbolic nanofluid past an inclined exponentially stretching surface. The flow is subjected to velocity, thermal, and solutal boundary conditions. The partial differential systems are reduced to ordinary differential systems using appropriate transformations. The reduced systems are solved for convergent series solutions. The velocity, temperature, and concentration fields are discussed for different physical parameters. The results indi- cate that the temperature and the thermal boundary layer thickness increase noticeably for large values of Brownian motion and thermophoresis effects. It is also observed that the buoyancy parameter strengthens the velocity field, showing a decreasing behavior of temperature and nanoparticle volume fraction profiles.

关键词： two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow tangent hyperbolicnanofluid mixed convection exponential stretching double stratification inclined sheet