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An empirical movement model for sixgill sharks in Puget sound： Combining observed and unobserved behavior

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Current Zoology 2012年第1期58卷 103-115页

作者： levin, Phillip s. Horne, Peter Andrews, Kelly s. Williams, Greg Northwest Fisheries science Center 2725 Montlake Blvd E Seattle WA 98112 USA

Understanding the movement of animals is fundamental to population and community ecology. Historically, it has been difficult to quantify movement patterns of most fishes, but technological advances in acoustic telemetry have increased our abilities to monitor their movement. In this study, we combined small-scale active acoustic tracking with large-scale passive acoustic monitoring to develop an empirical movement model for sixgill sharks in Puget sound, WA, UsA. We began by testing whether a correlated random walk model described the daily movement of sixgills; however, the model failed to capture home-ranging behavior. We added this behavior and used the resultant model （a biased random walk model） to determine whether daily movement patterns are able to explain large-scale seasonal movement. The daily model did not explain the larger-scale pat- terns of movement observed in the passive monitoring data. In order to create the large-scale patterns, sixgills must have per- formed behaviors （large, fast directed movements） that were unobserved during small-scale active tracking. In addition, seasonal shifts in location were not captured by the dally model. We added these ＇unobserved＇ behaviors to the model and were able to capture large-scale seasonal movement of sixgill sharks over 150 days. The development of empirical models of movement al- lows researchers to develop hypotheses and test mechanisms responsible for a species movement behavior and spatial distribution. This knowledge will increase our ability to successfully manage species of concern [Current Zoology 58 （1）： 103-115, 2012].

关键词： Hexanchus griseus Movement Correlated random walk Biased random walk Displacement Movement model

Toll-like receptors in inflammatory bowel disease-stepping into uncharted territory

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第33期14卷 5149-5153页

作者： Avi levin Oren shibolet Liver and Gastroenterology Units Division of Medicine Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical CenterJerusalem 91120 Israel

Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are chronic relapsing-remitting inflammatory processes of the intestinal tract. The etiology of these diseases is currently unknown. However, inflammation is hypothesized to result from inappropriate activation of mucosal immunity by luminal antigens in genetically susceptible individuals. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of transmembrane proteins that act as microbial pattern recognition receptors. They are crucial initiators of innate immune responses. The role of TLRs in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has not been fully elucidated. In this review, we aim to analyze the available data connecting individual TLRs to intestinal inflammation and IBD.

关键词： Toll-like receptors Inflammatory bowel disease Intestinal inflammation

The energetics of cellular life transitions

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Life Metabolism 2024年第3期3卷 12-20页

作者： Anna s.Monzel Michael levin Martin Picard Department of Psychiatry Division of Behavioral MedicineCollege of Physicians and SurgeonsColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNY 10032United States Department of Biology Tufts UniversityMedfordMA 02155United States Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University MedfordMA 02155United States Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering Harvard UniversityBostonMA 02115United States Department of Neurology H.Houston Merritt CenterColumbia Translational Neuroscience InitiativeCollege of Physicians and SurgeonsColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNY 10032United States New York state Psychiatric Institute New YorkNY 10032United States Robert N Butler Columbia Aging Center Columbia University Mailman School of Public HealthNew YorkNY 10032United States

Major life transitions are always difficult because change costs *** findings have demonstrated how mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation(OxPhos)defects increase the energetic cost of living and that excessive integrated stress response(IsR)signaling may prevent cellular identity transitions during *** this perspective,we discuss general bioenergetic principles of life transitions and the costly molecular processes involved in reprograming the cellular hardware/software as cells shift *** energetic cost of cellular differentiation has not been directly quantified,representing a gap in *** propose that the IsR is an energetic checkpoint evolved to(i)prevent OxPhos-deficient cells from engaging in excessively costly transitions and(ii)allow IsR-positive cells to recruit systemic energetic resources by signaling via GDF15 and the brain.

关键词： energy mitochondria signaling pathway growth differentiation factor 15 energy balance development

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Thirty-two essential questions for understanding the social-ecological system of forage fish:the case of pacific herring

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Ecosystem Health and sustainability 2016年第4期2卷 44-55页

作者： Phillip s.levin Tessa B.Francis Nathan G.Taylor Conservation Biology Division Northwest Fisheries Science CenterNOAA Fisheries2725 Montlake Boulevard EastSeattleWashington 98112USA Puget sound Institute University of Washington Tacoma326 East D StreetTacomaWashington 98421USA Fisheries and Oceans Canada 3190 Hammond Bay RoadNanaimoBritish Columbia V9T 1K6Canada

Forage fishes are ecologically and economically important low trophic level species,and in recent years interest in their biology and management has *** Herring are emblemat-ic of the management issues facing forage species-they are central components of the Northeast Pacific pelagic food web and support important commercial *** addition,the importance of Herring to indigenous peoples have made them cultural keystone *** employed a participatory process to promote collaborative priority-setting for this critical forage *** with managers,the fisher-ies industry,indigenous peoples,and scientists,we co-constructed a conceptual model of the Pacific Her-ring social-ecological system(sEs)in the Northeast *** then identified a set of questions,that,if answered,would significantly increase our ability to sustainably manage the Herring *** objective was to generate a road map for scientists who wish to conduct useful forage fish research,for resource managers who wish to develop new research efforts that could fill critical gaps,and for public agencies and private foundations seeking to prioritize funding on forage fish issues in the *** this socio-cultural centrality comes complexity for fisheries *** participatory process highlighted the value of conceptualizing the full sEs,overcame disciplinary differences in scientific approaches,research philos-ophy,and language,and charted a path forward for future research and management for forage species.

关键词： fisheries forage fish interdisciplinary science Pacific Herring Pacific Ocean social-ecological system

Multitarget stool DNA for colorectal cancer screening:A review and commentary on the United states Preventive services Draft Guidelines

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2016年第5期8卷 450-458页

作者： Barry M Berger Bernard levin Robert J Hilsden Medical Affairs Exact Sciences Corporation scientific Advisory Board Exact Sciences Departments of Medicine and Community Health sciences University of Calgary

Multitarget stool DNA(mt-sDNA) testing was approved for average risk colorectal cancer(CRC) screening by the United states Food and Drug Administration and thereafter reimbursed for use by the Medicare program(2014).The United states Preventive services Task Force(UsPsTF) October 2015 draft recommendation for CRC screening included mt-s DNA as an "alternative" screening test that "may be useful in select clinical circumstances",despite its very high sensitivity for early stage *** evidence supporting mt-s DNA for routine screening use is *** clinical efficacy of mt-s DNA as measured by sensitivity,specificity,life-years gained(LYG),and CRC deaths averted is similar to or exceeds that of the other more specifically recommended screening options included in the draft document,especially those requiring annual testing *** a population with primarily irregular screening participation,tests with the highest point sensitivity and reasonable specificity are more likely to favorably impact CRC related morbidity and mortality than those depending on annual *** paper reviews the evidence supporting mt-s DNA for routine screening and demonstrates,using UsPsTF's modeling data,that mt-s DNA at three-year intervals provides significant clinical net benefits and fewer complications per LYG than annual fecal immunochemical testing,high sensitivity guaiac based fecal occult blood testing and 10-year colonoscopy screening.

关键词： Colorectal cancer screening Multitarget stool DNA stool DNA The United states Preventive services Task Force Cancer Intervention surveillance Modeling Network Fecal immunological technique Modeling Interval

Retrospective analysis of hepatitis C infected patients treated through an integrated care model

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第38期22卷 8558-8567页

作者： James M levin shabnam Dabirshahsahebi Mindy Bauer Eric Huckins Department of Infectious Disease Dean Clinic

AIM To determine if our health system's integrated model reflects sustained virologic response(sVR) outcomes similar to those in clinical trial data, maximizes adherence, and averts drug *** subjects with chronic hepatitis C had their medical records reviewed from November 1st, 2014 through March 1st, 2016. Patients eligible for treatment were entered into an integrated care model therapy algorithm. The primary outcome was sVR12 based on intention to treat(ITT) analysis. Inclusion criteria consisted of both treatment na?ve and experienced patients over the age of 18 who were at least twelve weeks post-therapy completion with any genotype(GT) or METAVIR score. secondary outcomes included adherence, adverse events, and number of drug interaction *** At the time of analysis, 133 patients had reached twelve weeks post therapy with ITT. In the ITT analysis 70 patients were GT 1a, 26 GT 1b, 23 could not be differentiated between GT 1a or 1b, 8 GT 2, 4 GT 3, and 2 patients with multiple genotypes. The ITT treatment regimens consisted of 97 sofosbuvir(sOF)/ledipasvir(LDV), 8 sOF/LDV and ribavirin(RBV), 7 sOFand simeprevir(sMV), 6 3D and RBV, 1 3D, 11 sOF and RBV, and 1 sOF, peg interferon alpha, and RBV. The overall sVR12 rate was 93% in the ITT analysis with a total of 6 patients relapsing. In patients with cirrhosis, 89% obtained sVR12. All 33 patients who were previous treatment failures achieved sVR12. Drug-drug interactions were identified in 56.4% of our patient population, 69 of which required interventions made by the pharmacist. The most common side effects were fatigue(41.4%), headache(28.6%), nausea(18.1%), and diarrhea(8.3%). No serious adverse effects were *** Dean Health system's integrated care model successfully managed patients being treated for hepatitis C virus(HCV). The integrated care model demonstrates high sVR rates amongst patients with different levels of fibrosis, genotypes, and HCV treatment histo

关键词： Hepatitis C Medication adherance Direct acting antiviral sustained viral response Integrated care model

Maternal supplementation with n-3 fatty acids affects placental lipid metabolism, inflammation, oxidative stress, the endocannabinoid system, and the neonate cytokine concentrations in dairy cows

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Journal of Animal science and Biotechnology 2024年第5期15卷 2012-2030页

作者： Priscila dos santos silva Gitit Kra Yana Butenko Jayasimha Rayalu Daddam Yishai levin Maya Zachut Department of Ruminant science Institute of Animal SciencesARO Volcani InstituteRishon LeZionIsrael Department of Animal science The Robert H.Smith Faculty of AgricultureFood and EnvironmentThe Hebrew University of JerusalemRehovotIsrael Department of Animal sciences Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMIUSA The Nancy and stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael

Background The placenta plays a crucial role in supporting and influencing fetal *** compared the effects of prepartum supplementation with omega-3(n-3)fatty acid(FA)sources,flaxseed oil(FLX)and fish oil(FO),on the expression of genes and proteins related to lipid metabolism,inflammation,oxidative stress,and the endocannabinoid system(ECs)in the expelled placenta,as well as on FA profile and inflammatory response of ***-pregnant Holstein dairy cows were supplemented with saturated fat(CTL),FLX,or *** cotyledons(n=5)were collected immediately after expulsion,and extracted RNA and proteins were analyzed by RTPCR and proteomic *** blood was assessed for FA composition and concentrations of inflammatory *** FO increased the gene expression of fatty acid binding protein 4(FABP4),interleukin 10(IL-10),catalase(CAT),cannabinoid receptor 1(CNR1),and cannabinoid receptor 2(CNR2)compared with CTL *** expression of ECs-enzyme FA-amide hydrolase(FAAH)was lower in FLX and FO than in *** analysis identified 3,974 proteins;of these,51–59 were differentially abundant between treatments(P≤0.05,|fold change|≥1.5).Top canonical pathways enriched in FLX *** and in FO *** were triglyceride metabolism and inflammatory *** n-3 FA increased the placental abundance of FA binding proteins(FABPs)3 and *** abundance of CNR1 cannabinoid-receptor-interacting-protein-1(CNRIP1)was reduced in FO *** silico modeling affirmed that bovine FABPs bind to *** FLX increased the abundance of inflammatory CD44-antigen and secreted-phosphoprotein-1,whereas prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 was decreased in FO *** *** FO enriched neonatal plasma with n-3 FAs,and both FLX and FO reduced interleukin-6 concentrations compared with *** Maternal n-3 FA from FLX and FO differentially affected the bovine placenta;both enhanced lipid metabolism and modulated oxidative s

关键词： Antioxidants Dairy cows Endocannabinoid system Inflammation Omega-3 fatty acids Placenta

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Compensation Method： New Perspectives

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Journal of Physical science and Application 2014年第2期4卷 119-129页

作者： Boris levin Holon Institute of Technology Holon 58102 Israel

The compensation method aiming to reduce the irradiation on the user＇s body and to form a weak field area （a dark spot） in an antenna near region is considered. The results of the method development for the use in a narrow frequencies range are given. They show that under realistic conditions the compensation method allows reducing the irradiation power by a factor of 3-4 and more. The pattern changes are predictable and small, if the points of antennas placement are selected correctly. The dark spot necessity near the transmitter is not limited by mobile communication. A man often uses a low-power radio station, which is placed nearby in a vehicle, and it is necessary to protect from irradiation not only user but also other passengers. In the paper, it is shown that broadband field compensation can be achieved in various structures where the needed anti-phase fields are created either by identical antennas or by radiators located at equal distance from the compensation point, or by flat reflectors.

关键词： Antenna theory compensation mobile antennas mutual coupling near fields

Quantifying relations between altered hydrology and fish community responses for streams in Minnesota

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Ecological Processes 2022年第1期11卷 536-560页

作者： Jeffrey R.Ziegeweid Gregory D.Johnson Aliesha L.Krall Kara Fitzpatrick sara B.levin U.s.Geological survey California Water Science Center6000 J StPlacer HallSacramentoCA 85819USA U.s.Geological survey Upper Midwest Water Science Center2280 Woodale DrMounds ViewMN 55112USA Minnesota Pollution Control Agency 520 Lafayette RdSt.PaulMN 55155USA Minnesota Pollution Control Agency 7678 College RoadSuite 105BaxterMN 56425USA

Background:Altered hydrology is a stressor on aquatic life,but quantitative relations between specific aspects of streamflow alteration and biological responses have not been developed on a statewide scale in *** sub-sets regression analysis was used to develop linear regression models that quantify relations among five categories of hydrologic metrics(i.e.,duration,frequency,magnitude,rate-of-change,and timing)computed from streamgage records and six categories of biological metrics(i.e.,composition,habitat,life history,reproductive,tolerance,trophic)computed from fish-community samples,as well as fish-based indices of biotic integrity(FIBI)scores and FIBI scores normalized to an impairment threshold of the corresponding stream class(FIBI_BCG4).Relations between hydrology and fish community responses were examined using three hydrologic datasets that represented periods of record,long-term changes,and short-term changes to flow regimes in streams of ***:Regression models demonstrated significant relations between hydrologic explanatory metrics and fish-based biological response metrics,and the five regression models with the strongest linear relations explained over 70%of the variability in the biological metric using three hydrologic metrics as explanatory ***-based biological metrics demonstrated the strongest linear relations to hydrologic *** most commonly used hydrologic metrics were related to bankfull flows and aspects of flow ***:Final regression models represent paired streamgage records and biological samples throughout the state of Minnesota and encompass differences in stream orders,hydrologic landscape units,and watershed *** methods can support evaluations of stream fish communities and facilitate targeted efforts to improve the health of fish *** also can be applied to locations outside of Minnesota with continuous streamgage data and fish-community sampl

关键词： Eflowstats Best subset regression Altered hydrology Fish community Indices of biotic integrity Ecological flows

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