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Melanoma development: stage-dependent cancer competence of the melanocytic lineage

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signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2022年第1期7卷 13-14页

作者： Manfred kunz Department of Dermatology Venereology and AllergologyUniversity Medical Center LeipzigPhilipp-Rosenthal-Str.2304155 LeipzigGermany

In a recent article in science,Baggiolini et al.^(1) showed that the transforming ability of the BRAFM6QQE oncogene for melanoma development depends on the stage of the transformed melanocyte lineage *** neural crest cells and melanoblasts are vulnerable to malignant transformation in a zebrafish model,melanocytes only developed small patches of nevus-like cells after BRARJ6QQE expression.

关键词： expression. al. melan

Monitoring spatiotemporal soil moisture changes in the subsurface of forest sites using electrical resistivity tomography (ERT)

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Journal of Forestry Research 2022年第5期33卷 1649-1662页

作者： Julian Fäth Julius kunz Christof Kneisel Institute of Geography and Geology University of WürzburgAm Hubland97074 WürzburgGermany

The effects of drought on tree mortality at forest stands are not completely understood. For assessing their water supply, knowledge of the small-scale distribution of soil moisture as well as its temporal changes is a key issue in an era of climate change. However, traditional methods like taking soil samples or installing data loggers solely collect parameters of a single point or of a small soil volume. Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) is a suitable method for monitoring soil moisture changes and has rarely been used in forests. This method was applied at two forest sites in Bavaria, Germany to obtain high-resolution data of temporal soil moisture variations. Geoelectrical measurements (2D and 3D) were conducted at both sites over several years (2015-2018/2020) and compared with soil moisture data (matric potential or volumetric water content) for the monitoring plots. The greatest variations in resistivity values that highly correlate with soil moisture data were found in the main rooting zone. Using the ERT data, temporal trends could be tracked in several dimensions, such as the interannual increase in the depth of influence from drought events and their duration, as well as rising resistivity values going along with decreasing soil moisture. The results reveal that resistivity changes are a good proxy for seasonal and interannual soil moisture variations. Therefore, 2D- and 3D-ERT are recommended as comparatively non-laborious methods for small-spatial scale monitoring of soil moisture changes in the main rooting zone and the underlying subsurface of forested sites. Higher spatial and temporal resolution allows a better understanding of the water supply for trees, especially in times of drought.

关键词： Geoelectrical monitoring Forest ecology Hydrology soil water content

Habitat differences in dung beetle assemblages in an African savanna–forest ecotone:implications for secondary seed dispersal

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Integrative Zoology 2011年第2期6卷 81-96页

作者： Britta K.kunz Frank-Thorsten KRELL Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology Theodor-Boveri Institute of BiosciencesWürzburgGermany Department of Zoology Denver Museum of Nature&ScienceDenverColoradoUSA

The probability and pattern of secondary seed dispersal by dung beetles(scarabaeinae)depend on their community structure and composition at the site of primary deposition,which,in turn,seem to be strongly determined by ***,we expected pronounced differences in secondary seed dispersal between forest and savanna in the northern Ivory Coast,West *** found 99 dung beetle species at experimentally exposed dung piles of the olive baboon(Papio anubis(Lesson,1827)),an important primary seed disperser in West ***-six species belonged to the roller and tunneler guilds,which are relevant for secondary seed *** species showed a clear habitat *** to the Neotropics,species number and abundance were much higher in the savanna than in the *** and tunnelers each accounted for approximately 50%of the individuals in the savanna,but in the forest rollers made up only 4%.seeds deposited into the savanna by an omnivorous primary disperser generally have a higher overall probability of being more rapidly dispersed secondarily by dung beetles than seeds in the ***,rollers disperse seeds over larger *** contrast to other studies,small rollers were active in dispersal of large seeds,which were seemingly mistaken for dung *** results suggest that rollers can remove seeds from any plant dispersed in primate dung in this ecosystem.

关键词： Africa baboon defecations guild differences scarabaeidae secondary seed dispersal.

single-cell trajectories of melanoma cell resistance to targeted treatment

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2022年第1期19卷 56-73页

作者： Maria schmidt Lena sünke Mortensen Henry Loeffler-Wirth Corinna Kosnopfel Knut Krohn Hans Binder Manfred kunz Interdisciplinary Centre for Bioinformatics University of LeipzigLeipzig 04107Germany Department of Dermatology Venereology and AllergologyUniversity of WürzburgWürzburg 97074Germany Core Unit DNA Technologies Medical FacultyUniversity of LeipzigLeipzig 04103Germany Department of Dermatology Venereology and AllergologyUniversity of Leipzig Medical CenterLeipzig 04103Germany

Objective:Cellular heterogeneity is regarded as a major factor affecting treatment response and resistance in malignant *** developments in single-cell sequencing technology have provided deeper insights into these ***:Here,we analyzed a BRAFV600 E-mutant melanoma cell line by single-cell RNA-seq under various conditions:cells sensitive to BRAF inhibition with BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib and cells resistant to BRAF inhibition with vemurafenib alone or vemurafenib in combination with the MEK1/2 inhibitors cobimetinib or *** reduction by t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding and self-organizing maps identified distinct trajectories of resistance development clearly separating the 4 treatment conditions in cell and gene state ***:Trajectories associated with resistance to single-agent treatment involved cell cycle,extracellular matrix,and de-differentiation *** contrast,shifts detected in double-resistant cells primarily affected translation and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway reactivation,with a small subpopulation showing markers of *** findings were validated in pseudotime analyses and RNA velocity ***:The single-cell transcriptomic analyses reported here employed a spectrum of bioinformatics methods to identify mechanisms of melanoma resistance to single-and double-agent *** study deepens our understanding of treatmentinduced cellular reprogramming and plasticity in melanoma cells and identifies targets of potential relevance to the management of treatment resistance.

关键词： Melanoma single-cell transcriptome sequencing treatment response

VuWiki:An Ontology-Based semantic Wiki for Vulnerability Assessments

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International Journal of Disaster Risk science 2014年第1期5卷 55-73页

作者： Bijan Khazai Tina kunz-Plapp Christian Buscher Antje Wegner Geophysical Institute Center for Disaster Management and Risk Reduction Technology(CEDIM)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)76187 KarlsruheGermany Institute for Technology Assessment and systems Analysis(ITAs) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)76133 KarlsruheGermany Institute of Regional science and Institute of Urban and spatial Planning Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)76131 KarlsruheGermany

Three decades of vulnerability research have generated a complex and growing body of *** concept of vulnerability,as well as its implementation in vulnerability assessments,is used in various disciplines and ***,a multitude of ideas and frameworks about how to conceptualize and measure vulnerability *** provide a structured representation of vulnerability,we have set up an ontology-based semantic wiki for reviewing and representing vulnerability assessments(***).Based on a survey of 55 vulnerability assessment studies,we first developed an ontology as an explicit reference system for describing vulnerability *** ontology was then implemented in a semantic wiki which allows for the classification and annotation of vulnerability *** resulting semantic wiki,Vu Wiki,does not aim at‘‘synthesizing’’a holistic and overarching model of vulnerability,but at(1)providing—both scientists and practitioners—with a uniform ontology as a reference system;(2)providing easy and structured access to the knowledge field of vulnerability assessments with the possibility for any user to retrieve assessments using specific research criteria;and(3)serving as a collaborative knowledge platform that allows for the active participation of those generating and using the knowledge represented in the vulnerability wiki.

关键词： Knowledge representation Ontology semantic wiki Vulnerability assessment

Effects of local neighbourhood diversity on crown structure and productivity of individual trees in mature mixed-species forests

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Forest Ecosystems 2021年第2期8卷 345-356页

作者： Louis Georgi Matthias kunz Andreas Fichtner Karl Friedrich Reich Anne Bienert Hans-Gerd Maas Goddert von Oheimb Technische Universität Dresden Institute of General Ecology and Environmental ProtectionPienner Straße 701737 TharandtGermany Leuphana University of Lüneburg Institute of EcologyUniversitätsallee 121335 LüneburgGermany Technische Universität Dresden Institute of Photogrammetry and Remote SensingHelmholtzstraße 1001069 DresdenGermany

Background:species-specific genotypic features,local neighbourhood interactions and resource supply strongly influence the tree stature and growth *** mixed-species forests,diversity-mediated biomass allocation has been suggested to be a fundamental mechanism underlying the positive biodiversity-productivity *** evidence,however,is rare about the impact of local neighbourhood diversity on tree characteristics analysed at a very high level of *** address this issue we analysed these effects on the individual-tree crown architecture and tree productivity in a mature mixed forest in northern ***:Our analysis considers multiple target tree species across a local neighbourhood species richness gradient ranging from 1 to *** applied terrestrial laser scanning to quantify a large number of individual mature trees(N=920)at very high *** evaluated two different neighbour inclusion approaches by analysing both a fixed radius selection procedure and a selection based on overlapping *** and conclusions:We show that local neighbourhood species diversity significantly increases crown dimension and wood volume of target ***,we found a size-dependency of diversity effects on tree productivity(basal area and wood volume increment)with positive effects for large-sized trees(diameter at breast height(DBH)>40 cm)and negative effects for small-sized(DBHsis,the neighbour inclusion approach has a significant impact on the *** scientific studies and the validation of growth models we recommend a neighbour selection by overlapping crowns,because this seems to be the relevant scale at which local neighbourhood interactions *** local neighbourhood diversity promotes individual-tree productivity in mature European mixed-species forests,we conclude that a small-scale species mixture should be considered in management plans.

关键词： Biodiversity Tree growth Crown architecture Quantitative structure models Terrestrial laser scanning Neighbour classification

Near-Real-Time Analysis of Publicly Communicated Disaster Response Information

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International Journal of Disaster Risk science 2014年第3期5卷 165-175页

作者： Trevor Girard Friedemann Wenzel Bijan Khazai Tina kunz-Plapp James E.Daniell susan A.Brink Center for Disaster Management and Risk Reduction Technology Karlsruhe Institute of Technology76187 KarlsruheGermany

Analysis of a disaster event can identify strengths and weaknesses of the response implemented by the disaster management system;however, analysis does not typically occur until after the response phase is *** result is that knowledge gained can only benefit future responses rather than the response under investigation. This article argues that there is an opportunity to conduct analysis while the response is operational due to the increasing availability of information within hours and days of a disaster event. Hence, this article introduces a methodology for analyzing publicly communicated disaster response information in near-real-time. A classification scheme for the disaster information needs of the public has been developed to facilitate analysis and has led to the establishment of best observed practice standards for content and timeliness. By comparing the information shared with the public within days of a disaster to these standards,information gaps are revealed that can be investigated further. The result is identification of potential deficiencies in communicating critical disaster response information to the public at a time when they can still be corrected.

关键词： Disaster response information Forensic disaster analysis Near-real-time analysis Post disaster evaluation

增长促进创新还是创新促进增长?一个德国“市场秩序”和发展经济学的观点

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科研管理 2004年第Z1期25卷 112-119页

作者： Harald kunz Brandenburg University of Technology

目前市场既是一个自发状态又是一个不断发现的过程,处于市场中的公司为了更好的生存开始不断的进行研发活动。本文通过对技术进步(创新)的三个假设的事实验证表明,不断增长的需求是导致技术不断进步的关键因素。最后本文还讨论了研究状... 详细信息

目前市场既是一个自发状态又是一个不断发现的过程,处于市场中的公司为了更好的生存开始不断的进行研发活动。本文通过对技术进步(创新)的三个假设的事实验证表明,不断增长的需求是导致技术不断进步的关键因素。最后本文还讨论了研究状态的类型及技术政策与市场相适应等相关问题。

关键词：市场系统研发创新技术政策