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Post-fire recovery of Puya raimondii, vegetation and birds in the puna of Huascarán National Park, Perú

Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第1期21卷 20-32页

作者： Mery L.SUNI Giovana P.VADILLO César ARANA Enoc JARA-PENA Letty SALINAS M.Estela PONCE Paul M.ramsay Plant Physiology Laboratory Faculty of Biological SciencesUniversidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLima 15081Peru Natural History Museum Universidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLima 15072Peru Applied Phytology Laboratory Faculty of Biological SciencesUniversidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLima 15081Peru Department of Statistics Faculty of Mathematical SciencesUniversidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLima 15081Peru Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences Universidad de las Américas PueblaSan Andrés Cholula CP Cholula CP 72810Mexico

A large fire of 233 ha in Huascarán National Park in Peru provided an opportunity to compare plant and bird responses in burned and nearby unburned zones of the puna. Heights and live diameters of flagship Puya raimondii rosettes(assigned to four broad developmental phases), plant communities(66 species in 24 families and nine growth forms) and bird communities(77 species in six trophic guilds) were monitored after the fire. Although no mortality was observed, Puya raimondii plants were affected by the fire, losing approximately 60% of their photosynthetic area across all developmental phases, but recovered quickly during the first two years after fire. The comparison of Puya rosette recovery after fire was complicated by the changes in live rosette diameter for unburned plants, which showed plasticity of photosynthetic area linked to seasonal and annual fluctuations in precipitation in this relatively dry environment(decreased by 26% for mature adult plants over the study period). Fire caused an immediate change in the density, biomass and composition of vegetation. Although the species present remained similar, their abundances changed significantly immediately after the fire, with notable reductions in dominant tussock grasses. This provided opportunities for other plants, resulting in higher postfire diversity of plant species, genera, families and growth forms. In turn, the changes in vegetation after fire affected the composition of birds according to their trophic guild. Granivores largely disappeared,generalists were mostly unaffected, and other guilds showed a more complex response. As the vegetation recovered, most displaced birds returned within approximately one year.

关键词： Burning Plant biomass Trophic guilds Andes Giant rosette plants

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在显微镜检查上多花点时间:这是提高痰涂片方法发现结核病人的好机会

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国际结核病与肺部疾病杂志 2007年第1期2卷 55-59页

作者： A.Cambanis a.ramsay V.Wirkom E.Tata L.E.Cuevas 张宗德张立兴 St Elizabeth General Hospital Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine

地点:喀麦隆西北部的圣伊丽莎白医院,此地区结核病(TB)发病率和人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)的感染率都很高。目的:测量日常痰涂片显微镜检查的时间,并评价多花10分钟进行复检能否提高涂阳病人的检出率。设计:这项为期6个月的前瞻性观察研究包... 详细信息

地点:喀麦隆西北部的圣伊丽莎白医院,此地区结核病(TB)发病率和人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)的感染率都很高。目的:测量日常痰涂片显微镜检查的时间,并评价多花10分钟进行复检能否提高涂阳病人的检出率。设计:这项为期6个月的前瞻性观察研究包括3个内容:1)测量日常痰涂片显微镜检查的时间;2)对所有涂片进行10分钟的盲法复检,并与原结果进行对比;3)将假阴性和真阴性涂片按比例混合后,由原镜检者进行10分钟的盲法复检。结果:总共有204名病人612份痰标本送检。日常镜检时间中位数为2分6秒(1分30秒——2分30秒)。10分钟复检将涂阳标本从82份提高到116份 (P=0.0083),病例检出从28人增加到48人(P=0.011)。经过10分钟复检程序,原镜检人员将一半以上的假阴性涂片纠正为阳性。结论:太快的痰涂片显微镜检查敏感性低,10分钟附件显著增加病例检出。保证推荐的镜检时间是提高病例检出简单廉价的方法。

关键词：结核病例发现诊断涂片阳性肺部痰涂片显微镜检查

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在也门和尼泊尔与结核病诊断相关的患者直接费用

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国际结核病与肺部疾病杂志 2010年第2期5卷 84-89页

作者： a.ramsay N.AI-Agbhari J.Scherchand N.AI-Sonboli A.Almotawa M.Gammo P.Gauchan M.A.Yassin L.E.Cuevas 阮云洲王雪静 Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine LiverpoolUK United Nations Children's Fund/United Nations Development Programme/World Bank/World Health Organization Special Programme for Research and Training GenevaSwitzerland Tuberculosis Research Centre Sana'aYemen 4. Tribhuvan UniversityKathmanduNepal

背景:结核病的诊断需要多次就诊。减少诊断过程中的就诊次数,可使服务更具可及性,并大大节约患者的费用。目的:描述患者在肺结核诊断中心就诊时发生的直接费用。方法:在也门和尼泊尔,使用设计好的问卷,对咳嗽时间超过3周的成年人进行面... 详细信息

背景:结核病的诊断需要多次就诊。减少诊断过程中的就诊次数,可使服务更具可及性,并大大节约患者的费用。目的:描述患者在肺结核诊断中心就诊时发生的直接费用。方法:在也门和尼泊尔,使用设计好的问卷,对咳嗽时间超过3周的成年人进行面对面调查,并记录他们的费用。结果:共调查了456例成年人。大多数患者就诊时都有人陪同,其中20%是涂阳患者。在尼泊尔,患者男性比例、居住在城市地区比例和平均年龄均高于也门(尼泊尔:123/206[60%],152[74%],平均年龄41岁;也门:120/250[48%],114[36%],平均年龄35岁)。虽然农村地区的患者多数住在亲戚家,但他们的整体费用仍高于城市地区的患者。在2个国家,最高的费用支出均为诊疗费,而且农村患者支付的诊疗费高于城市患者。诊断的费用相当于1周的人均国民收入。结论:患者需要承担相当大的诊断费用,而在医疗机构的诊疗费是这些费用的主要部分。需要接受结核病检查的患者应该能够得到免费的诊断服务。

关键词：结核病诊断涂片镜检低收入国家城市人口农村人口

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在肺结核诊断中应用系列痰涂片的结果:系统综述

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国际结核病与肺部疾病杂志 2007年第3期2卷 71-80页

作者： S.R.Mase a.ramsay V.Ng M.Henry P.C.Hopewell J.Cunningham R.Urbanczik M.D.Perkins M.A.Aziz M.Pai 张宗德张立兴 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine San Francisco General HospitalUniversity of California Francis J Curry National Tuberculosis Center University of California United Nations Children's Fund/United Nations Development Programme/World Bank/World Health Organization(WHO)Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases(TDR) WHO Albany Medical College County of Sacramento Department of Health and Human Services Sacramento WHO Tuberculosis Laboratory Consultants Group Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics(FIND) GenevaStop TB DepartmentWHO Stop TB Department WHO Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics McGill University

目前的国际结核病(TB)指南推荐在对肺结核可疑患者评价时应用3次痰涂片镜检以寻找结核菌。我们对符合3次痰标本结果标准的研究进行了系统的评价。通过对多个数据库和资源的检索,我们确定了共37个合格的研究。第3份标本中涂阳结果的增加... 详细信息

目前的国际结核病(TB)指南推荐在对肺结核可疑患者评价时应用3次痰涂片镜检以寻找结核菌。我们对符合3次痰标本结果标准的研究进行了系统的评价。通过对多个数据库和资源的检索,我们确定了共37个合格的研究。第3份标本中涂阳结果的增加(所有培阳病例作为分母的研究)和敏感性的增高(所有培阳病例作为分母的研究)是我们关注的主要结果。虽然各研究的方法和结果不同对数据综合构成了挑战,但亚组的分析提示对第3份标本的检查使结果和/或敏感性平均增加了2%～ 5%。把推荐的标本检查数量从3份减至2份(特别是在同一天收集的2份标本)对结核控制项目有利。有很多理由可潜在增加病例检出;许多实施性研究问题需要强调。如果按照国际间协调和标准化的方法,在痰标本镜检时应用现行技术检验哪种方法最有效,这样的研究会是最有用的,既可以增加本国的数据,又可进行研究之间的对比。

关键词：结核痰显微镜检查结果增加抗酸菌系列痰标本

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海事能源转型:未来燃料和未来排放

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哈尔滨工程大学学报（英文版） 2023年第4期22卷 681-692页

作者： William ramsay Erik Fridell Mario Michan Daphne Technology SA Chemin de la Venoge 7 CH-1025 Saint-Sulpice Switzerland IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute Valhallavägen 8111428 Stockholm Sweden

The lifecycle greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions(Well-to-Wake)from maritime transport must be reduced by at least 50%in absolute values by 2050 to contribute to the ambitions of the Paris Agreement(2015).A transition from conventional fuels to alternative fuels with zero or lower GHG emissions is viewed as the most promising avenue to reach the GHG *** GHG and toxic pollutants emitted from the use of fossil fuels(heavy fuel oil(HFO)and marine gas/diesel oil(MGO/MDO))are generally well understood,the emissions associated with the new fuel options are only now being measured and *** review provides an outlook on fuels that could help shipping respond to the decarbonization effort including Liquefied Petroleum Gas(LPG),Liquefied Natural Gas(LNG),methanol,ammonia,and hydrogen.A quantification of the pollutants associated from the use of these fuels is provided and challenges and barriers to their uptake are discussed.

关键词： Greenhouse gas Emissions Maritime transport Future fuels Future emissions Life-cycle assessment Energy transition

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Current practice of anticoagulant in the treatment of splanchnic vein thrombosis secondary to acute pancreatitis

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2020年第2期19卷 116-121页

作者： William Norton Gabija Lazaraviciute George ramsay Irene Kreis Irfan Ahmed Mohamed Bekheit Department of General Surgery Aberdeen Royal InfirmaryAberdeen AB252ZNUK Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health University of AberdeenForesterhillAberdeen AB252ZDUK Clinical Effectiveness Unit Royal College of Surgeons of England35-43 Lincoln’s Inn FieldsHolbornLondon WC2A 3PEUK Department of Surgery El Kabbary HospitalEl KabbaryAlexandriaEgypt

Background:Severe acute pancreatitis is a common diagnosis in emergency general surgery and can be a cause of significant morbidity and mortality.A consequence of severe acute pancreatitis is thrombus in the splanchnic *** thrombi can potentially lead to bowel ischemia or hepatic ***,another complication of severe acute pancreatitis is retroperitoneal *** this time,it is unclear if treating patients for splanchnic vein thrombosis in the context of severe acute pancreatitis is associated with any outcome benefit.A systematic review might clarify this *** sources:A two-fold search strategy(one broad and one precise)looked at all published *** review was registered on PROSPERO(ID:CRD42018102705).MEDLINE,EMBASE,PubMed,Cochrane and Web of Science databases were searched and potentially relevant papers were reviewed indepen-dently by two *** disagreement was reviewed by a third independent *** outcome was reestablishment of flow in the thrombosed vein versus bleeding ***:Of 1462 papers assessed,a total of 16 papers were eligible for *** were no ran-domized controlled trials,2 were case series,5 retrospective single-center studies and 9 case *** were a total of 198 patients in these studies of whom 92(46.5%)received anticoagulation *** rates of recanalization of veins in the treated and non-treated groups was 14%and 11%and bleeding complications were 16%and 5%,***,the included studies were too heterogeneous to undertake a ***:The systematic review highlights the lack evidence addressing this clinical ***-fore a randomized controlled trial would be appropriate to undertake.

关键词： Severe acute pancreatitis Splanchnic vein thrombosis Anticoagulant therapy

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The effects of tannins-containing ground pine bark diet upon nutrient digestion,nitrogen balance,and mineral retention in meat goats

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2015年第3期6卷 347-354页

作者： Byeng Ryel Min Sandra Solaiman Thomas Terrill Aina.ramsay Irene Mueller-Harvey Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Tuskegee University Agricultural Research Station Fort-Valley State University School of Agriculture Policy and DevelopmentUniversity of Reading

Background： Pine bark is a rich source of phytochemical compounds including tannins, phenolic acids, anthocyanins, and fatty acids. These phytochemicals have potential to significantly impact on animal health and animal production. The goal of this work is to measure the effects of tannins in ground pine bark as a partial feed replacement on feed intake, dietary apparent digestibility, nitrogen balance, and mineral retention in meat goats. Results： Eighteen Kiko cross goats （initial BW = 31.8 ± 1.49 kg） were randomly assigned to three treatment groups （n = 6）. Dietary treatments were tested： control （0 % pine bark powder （PB） and 30 % wheat straw （WS））; ] 5 % PB and 15 % WS, and 30 % PB and 0 % WS. Although dry matter （DM） intake and digestibility were not affected （P〉 0.10） by feeding PB, neutral detergent fiber （linear; P= 0.01）, acid detergent fiber （linear; P= 0.001） and lignin digestibility （linear; P= 0.01） decreased, and crude protein （CP） digestibility tended to decrease （P=0.09） as PB increased in the diet, apparent retention of Ca （P= 0.09）, P （P=0.03）, Mg （P= 0.01）, Mn （P= 0.01）, Zn （P= 0.01） and Fe （P= 0.09） also increased linearly. Nitrogen intake and fecal N excretion were not affected （P〉 0.05） by addition of PB in the diet, but N balance in the body was quadratically increased （P〈 0.01） in the 15 % PB diet compared to other diets. This may be due to more rumen escape protein and less excreted N in the urine with the 15 % PB diet. The study showed that a moderate level of tannin-containing pine bark supplementation could improve gastrointestinal nitrogen balance with the aim of improving animal performance. Conclusion： These results suggest that tannin-containing PB has negative impact on fiber, lignin, and protein digestibility, but positively impacted on N-balance.

关键词： Digestibility Goats Phytochemicals Tannins

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Forensic Pathology of Trauma 1

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丛书名： Forensic Science and Medicine

2007年

作者： Michael J. Shkrum David A. ramsay

ISBN: (数字)9781597451383

ISBN: (纸本)9781588294586;9781493956753

The practice of forensic pathology includes the collection and analysis of evidence in relation to a corpse in order to establish the cause of death. Knowledge of the cause of death contributes to the determination of the manner of death by medical examiners and coroners, who are occasionally assisted by law enforcement officers. In the process of establishing the cause and manner of death, representatives of various investigative bodies have several responsibilities, including explaining the death to family members, attempting to reduce the risk of similar deaths in the future, and, if applicable, apprehending the individuals who are responsible for the death. The most well-known and popular role of a forensic pathologist is in the inves- gation of cases of suspicious death; however, most medicolegal autopsies involve unexpected deaths that are above suspicion, many of which are caused by trauma (trauma being defined as any physical force or agent that causes bodily harm). The purpose of Forensic Pathology of Trauma: Common Problems for the Pathologist is to provide practical advice and information about the conduct of the forensic autopsy in cases of trauma, and to offer guidance about the analysis of the autopsy findings in these cases.

关键词： Forensic Medicine

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Predicting long-term outcomes in acute intracerebral haemorrhage using delayed prognostication scores

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2021年第4期6卷 536-541,I0013-I0025页

作者： Ronda Lun Vignan Yogendrakumar Tim ramsay Michel Shamy Robert Fahed Magdy H Selim Dar Dowlatshahi Department of Medicine Division of NeurologyStroke ProgramOttawa HospitalOttawaOntarioCanada Clinical Epidemiology Program School of EpidemiologyPublic Health and Preventative MedicineOttawa Hospital Research InstituteOttawa UniversityOttawaOntarioCanada Ottawa Hospital Research Institute OttawaOntarioCanada Interventional Neuroradiology Rothschild FoundationParisÎle-de FranceFrance Department of Neurology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA

Objective The concept of the‘self-fulfilling prophecy’is well established in intracerebral haemorrhage(ICH).The ability to improve prognostication and prediction of long-term outcomes during the first days of hospitalisation is important in guiding conversations around goals of *** previously demonstrated that incorporating delayed imaging into various prognostication scores for ICH improves the predictive accuracy of 90-day ***,delayed prognostication scores have not been used to predict long-term functional outcomes beyond 90 ***,setting and participants We analysed data from the ICH Deferoxamine trial to see if delaying the use of prognostication scores to 96 hours after ICH onset will improve performance to predict outcomes at 180 days.276 patients were *** and measurements We calculated the original ICH score(oICH),modified-ICH score(MICH),max-ICH score and the FUNC score on presentation(baseline),and on day 4(delayed).Outcomes assessed were mortality and poor functional outcome in survivors(defined as modified Rankin Scale of 4-5)at 180 *** generated receiver operating characteristic curves,and measured the area under the curve values(AUC)for mortality and functional *** compared baseline and delayed AUCs with non-parametric *** At 180 days,21 of 276(7.6%)*** of the survivors,54 of 255 had poor functional outcome(21.2%).The oICH,MICH and max-ICH performed significantly better at predicting 180-day mortality when calculated 4 days later compared with their baseline equivalents((0.74 vs 0.83,p=0.005),(0.73 vs 0.80,p=0.036),(0.74 vs 0.83,p=0.008),respectively).The delayed calculation of these scores did not significantly improve our accuracy for predicting poor functional *** Delaying the calculation of prognostication scores in acute ICH until day 4 improved prediction of 6-month mortality but not functional *** registration number *** Registry(NCT0

关键词： acute delayed score

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Metabolomic analysis of longissimus from underperforming piglets relative to piglets with normal preweaning growth

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2018年第3期9卷 630-638页

作者： Timothy G.ramsay Margo J.Stoll Amy E.Shannon Le Ann Blomberg Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory U.S.Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service

Background: Recent increases in intra-litter variability in weaning weight have raised swine production costs. A contributor to this variability is the normal birth weight pig that grows at a slower rate than littermates of similar birth weight. The goal of this study was to interrogate biochemical profiles manifested in skeletal muscle originating from slow growing(SG) and faster growing littermates(control), with the aim of identifying differences in metabolic pathway utilization between skeletal muscle of the SG pig relative to its littermates. Samples of longissimus muscle from littermate pairs of pigs were collected at 21 d of age for metabolomic ***: Birth weights did not differ between littermate pairs of SG and Control pigs(P > 0.05). Weaning weights differed by 1.51 ± 0.19 kg(P < 0.001). Random forest(RF) analysis was effective at segregating the metabolome of muscle samples by growth rate, resulting in a predictive accuracy of 81% versus random segregation(50%).Decreases in sugars in the pentose phosphate pathway(PPP) in the longissimus of SG pigs were detected(P < 0.05). Decreases were also apparent in glycolytic intermediates(glycerol-3-phosphate and lactate) and key glycolysis-derived intermediates(glucose-6-phosphate and fructose-6-phosphate; P < 0.05). SG pigs had increased levels of phospholipids, lysolipids, diacylglycerols, and sphingolipids(P < 0.05). Pathway analysis identified a cluster of molecules associated with muscle and collagen/extracellular matrix breakdown that are increased in the SG pig(glutamate, 3-methylhistidine and hydroxylated proline moieties; P < 0.05). Nicotinate metabolism was altered in SG pigs, resulting in a 78% decrease in the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide pool(P < 0.05).Conclusions: These metabolomic data provide the first evidence for biochemical mechanisms that should be investigated to determine if they have a potential role in the slow growth in some normal birth weight piglets that contribute to inc

关键词： Growth rate Longissimus Metabolome Neonate Swine

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