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Schumann resonance observation in China and anomalous disturbance possibly associated with Tohoku M9.0 earthquake

Earthquake Science 2013年第2期26卷 137-145页

作者： Xinyang Ouyang Xuemin Zhang a.p.nickolaenko M.Hayakawa Xuhui Shen Yuanqing Miao Institute of Earthquake Science China Earthquake Administration63 Fuxing RoadP.O.Box 166 Beijing 100036China School of Earth and Space Sciences Peking University Usikov Institute of Radiophysics and Electronics Hayakawa Institute of Seismo Electromagnetics Co. Ltd. UEC Incubation Center1-5-1 Chofugaoka Chofu Tokyo 182-8585Japan DFH Satellite Co. Ltd.China Academy of Space Technology

Schumann resonance （SR） is an electromag- netic resonance phenomenon in the Earth-ionosphere cavity exited by global lightning activities when the wavelength matches the circumference of the Earth, and the lowest four peak frequencies of SR are about 8, 14, 20, and 26 Hz. This article presents the new observational data of SR in China. The observations of two horizontal mag- netic components （BNs and BEw） in the frequency band range of 3-29 Hz at Yongsheng observatory （26.7°N, 100.8°E） in southwestern China were mainly analyzed. It is found that the SR amplitudes at peak frequencies in BNs and BEw components all showed diurnal and seasonal variations, and that the SR amplitude in BNS component is always higher than that in BEw component. Diurnal vari- ation of SR amplitude around equinoxes and solstices inBNs component is related to active intervals of three global thunderstorm centers, while SR amplitude in BEw com- ponent is the most significant at around 16 LT, corre- sponding to Asian center. SR amplitudes both in BNs and BEw components increase in the rainy season from May to September. In addition, the SR anomalies in association with the 2011 Japan earthquake are exhibited. The anom- alous effect was characterized by an increase in amplitude at the lowest four SR modes beginning at 4 days before this earthquake. Upon analyzing the wave interference between the direct wave and disturbed wave scattered by localized modification of lower ionosphere over the epicenter, Asian and African thunderstorm centers are found to contribute to anomalous effect observed at Yongsheng station. Modeling results of SR regular and disturbed spectra at different local times led to the similar conclusion.

关键词： Schumann resonance amplitudeThunderstorm center Anomalous Schumannresonance

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Variations of Atmospheric ELF/VLF Radio Noise Due to Seismogenic Modifications in Tropospheric Conductivity

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Open Journal of Earthquake Research 2024年第2期13卷 113-132页

作者： Masashi Hayakawa Alexander p. nickolaenko Hayakawa Institute of Seismo Electromagnetics Co. Ltd. (Hi-SEM) UEC Alliance Center #521 Tokyo Japan The University of Electro-Communications (UEC) Advanced Wireless & Communications Research Center (AWCC) Chofu-shi Tokyo O.Ya. Usikov Institute for Radiophysics and Electronics National Academy of Sciences of the Ukraine Kharkov Ukraine

We suggest a possible explanation of the influence of pre-seismic activity on the registration rate of natural ELF(extremely low frequency)/VLF(very low frequency) pulses and the changes of their characteristics. The main idea is as follows. The distribution of the electric field around a thundercloud depends on the conductivity profile of the atmosphere. Quasi-static electric fields of a thundercloud decrease in those tropospheric regions where an increase of air conductivity is generated by pre-seismic activities due to emanation of radioactive gas and water into the lower atmosphere. The electric field becomes reduced in the lower troposphere, and the probability decreases of the cloud-to-ground (CG) strokes in such “contaminated” areas. Simultaneously, the electric field grows inside and above the thunderclouds, and hence, we anticipate a growth in the number of horizontal and tilted inter-cloud (or intra-cloud) (both termed as IC discharges) strokes. Spatial orientation of lightning strokes reduces vertical projection of their individual amplitudes, while the rate (median number strokes per a unit time) of discharges grows. We demonstrate that channel tilt of strokes modifies the spectral content of ELF/VLF radio noise and changes the rate of detected pulses during the earthquake preparation phase.

关键词： ELF/VLF Radio Noise Earthquake precursor pre-Seismic Modification Conductivity Anomaly in the Lower Atmosphere Radioactive Radon Gases CG Lightning Discharges IC Discharges Cloud-to-Ionosphere Discharge

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Erratum to:Schumann resonance observation in China and anomalous disturbance possibly associated with Tohoku M9.0 earthquake

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Earthquake Science 2014年第3期27卷 353-353页

作者： Xinyan Ouyang Xuemin Zhang a.p.nickolaenko M.Hayakawa Xuhui Shen Yuanqing Miao Institute of Earthquake Science China Earthquake Administration School of Earth and Space Sciences Peking University

Erratum to:Earthq Sci(2013)26(2):137–145DOI 10.1007/s11589-013-0009-0In the published article,first author’s name was *** correct name appears in this erratum.

关键词： Erratum to

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Seismogenic ULF/ELF Wave phenomena: Recent Advances and Future perspectives

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Open Journal of Earthquake Research 2023年第3期12卷 45-113页

作者： Masashi Hayakawa Alexander Schekotov Jun Izutsu Alexander p. nickolaenko Yasuhide Hobara Hayakawa Institute of Seismo Electromagnetics Co. Ltd. (Hi-SEM) UEC Alliance Center #521 Tokyo Japan The University of Electro-Communications (UEC) Advanced & Wireless Communications Research Center (AWCC) Tokyo Japan Institute of physics of the Earth Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia Chubu University International Digital Earth Applied Science Research Center Kasugai Aichi Japan Usikov Institute for Radio-physics and Electronics National Academy of Sciences of the Ukraine Kharkov Ukraine UEC Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering Tokyo Japan

There has been enormous progress in the field of electromagnetic phenomena associated with earthquakes (EQs) and EQ prediction during the last three decades, and it is recently agreed that electromagnetic effects do appear prior to an EQ. A few phenomena are well recognized as being statistically correlated with EQs as promising candidates for short-term EQ predictors: the first is ionospheric perturbation not only in the lower ionosphere as seen by subionospheric VLF (very low frequency, 3 kHz f 30 kHz)/LF (low frequency, 30 kHz f 300 kHz) propagation but also in the upper F region as detected by ionosondes, TEC (total electron content) observations, satellite observations, etc, and the second is DC earth current known as SES (Seismic electric signal). In addition to the above two physical phenomena, this review highlights the following four physical wave phenomena in ULF (ultra low frequency, frequency Hz)/ELF (extremely low frequency, 3 Hz frequency 3 kHz) ranges, including 1) ULF lithospheric radiation (i.e., direct radiation from the lithosphere), 2) ULF magnetic field depression effect (as an indicator of lower ionospheric perturbation), 3) ULF/ELF electromagnetic radiation (radiation in the atmosphere), and 4) Schumann resonance (SR) anomalies (as an indicator of the perturbations in the lower ionosphere and stratosphere). For each physical item, we will repeat the essential points and also discuss recent advances and future perspectives. For the purpose of future real EQ prediction practice, we pay attention to the statistical correlation of each phenomenon with EQs, and its predictability in terms of probability gain. Of course, all of those effects are recommended as plausible candidates for short-term EQ prediction, and they can be physically explained in terms of the unified concept of the lithosphere-atmosphere-ionosphere coupling (LAIC) process, so a brief description of this coupling has been carried out by using these four physical parameters though

关键词： ULF/ELF Seismogenic Wave Effects Statistical Significance Lithosphere-Atmosphere-Ionosphere Coupling

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