The growth of renewable energy has accelerated globally toward a low-carbon economy since the Paris Agreement entered into force in *** a result of the increase of variable renewable energy(VRE),namely solar PV and wi...
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The growth of renewable energy has accelerated globally toward a low-carbon economy since the Paris Agreement entered into force in *** a result of the increase of variable renewable energy(VRE),namely solar PV and wind,power systems require more flexibility from conventional power plants with less power generation to regulate increased *** are sources of flexibility other than conventional power plants,including enhanced power networks,storage capacity and demand *** maximize economic utilization of VRE power generation,it is necessary to use the flexibility potential from all these *** Japan,the share of VRE has increased since the introduction of a feed-in tariff(FIT)and,in parallel,power market reform is *** has a unique power system of nine grids connected like a fish bone,making the uptake of an increasing share of VRE *** paper assesses the value of flexibility by source in Japan’s power system in *** analysis of different VRE scenarios is undertaken based on a newly developed production cost *** result of the simulation shows the quantitative impact of each source of flexibility to the generation cost and VRE curtailment and demonstrates the mechanism by which flexibility works to impact VRE curtailment.
Androgen deprivation in men leads to increased adiposity, but the mechanisms underlying androgen regulation of fat mass have not been fully defined. Androgen receptor (AR) is expressed in monocytes/macrophages, whic...
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Androgen deprivation in men leads to increased adiposity, but the mechanisms underlying androgen regulation of fat mass have not been fully defined. Androgen receptor (AR) is expressed in monocytes/macrophages, which are resident in key metabolic tissues and influence energy metabolism in surrounding cells. Male mice bearing a cell-specific knockout of the AR in monocytes/macrophages (M-ARKO) were generated to determine whether selective loss of androgen signaling in these cells would lead to altered body composition. Wild-type (WT) and M-ARKO mice (12-22 weeks of age, n = 12 per group) were maintained on a regular chow diet for 8 weeks and then switched to a high-fat diet for 8 additional weeks. At baseline and on both the regular chow and high-fat diets, no differences in lean mass or fat mass were observed between groups. Consistent with the absence of differential body weight or adiposity, no differences in food intake (3.0 ± 0.5 g per day for WT mice vs 2.8 ± 0.4 g per day for M-ARKO mice) or total energy expenditure (0.6 ± 0.1 Kcal h-1 for WT mice vs 0.5 ± 0.1 Kcal h-1 for M-ARKO mice) were evident between groups during high-fat feeding. Liver weight was greater in M-ARKO than that in WT mice (1.5 ± 0.1 g vs 1.3 ± 0.0 g, respectively, P = 0.02). Finally, M-ARKO mice did not exhibit impairments in glucose tolerance or insulin sensitivity relative to WT mice at any study time point. In aggregate, these findings suggest that AR signaling specifically in monocytes/macrophages does not contribute to the regulation of systemic energy balance, adiposity, or insulin sensitivity in male mice.
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