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Long-Term Trends of Carbon Monoxide Total Columnar Amount in Urban Areas and Background Regions:Ground-and Satellite-based Spectroscopic Measurements

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2018年第7期35卷 785-795页

作者： Pucai WAnG n.F.ELAnSKY Yu.M.TIMOFEEV Gengchen WAnG G.S.GOLITSYn M.V.MAKAROVA V.S.RAKITIn Yu.SHTABKIn A.I.SKOROKHOD E.I.GRECHKO E.V.FOKEEVA a.n.safronov Liang RAn Ting WAnG LAGEO Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China A.M.Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow 119017Russia St.Petersburg State University Saint-Petersburg 198904Russia

A comparative study was carried out to explore carbon monoxide total columnar amount（CO TC） in background and polluted atmosphere, including the stations of ZSS（Zvenigorod）, ZOTTO（Central Siberia）, Peterhof, Beijing, and Moscow,during 1998–2014, on the basis of ground-and satellite-based spectroscopic measurements. Interannual variations of CO TC in different regions of Eurasia were obtained from ground-based spectroscopic observations, combined with satellite data from the sensors MOPITT（2001–14）, AIRS（2003–14）, and IASI Met Op-A（2010–13）. A decreasing trend in CO TC（1998–2014） was found at the urban site of Beijing, where CO TC decreased by 1.14% ± 0.87% yr^（-1）. Meanwhile, at the Moscow site, CO TC decreased remarkably by 3.73% ± 0.39% yr^（-1）. In the background regions（ZSS, ZOTTO, Peterhof）, the reduction was 0.9%–1.7% yr^（-1） during the same period. Based on the AIRSv6 satellite data for the period 2003–14, a slight decrease（0.4%–0.6% yr^（-1）） of CO TC was detected over the midlatitudes of Eurasia, while a reduction of 0.9%–1.2% yr^（-1） was found in Southeast Asia. The degree of correlation between the CO TC derived from satellite products（MOPITTv6 Joint, AIRSv6 and IASI Met Op-A） and ground-based measurements was calculated, revealing significant correlation in unpolluted *** in polluted areas, IASI Met Op-A and AIRSv6 data underestimated CO TC by a factor of 1.5–2.8. On average, the correlation coefficient between ground-and satellite-based data increased significantly for cases with PBL heights greater than 500 m.

关键词： carbon monoxide trend spectroscopic measurement MOPITT AIRS IASI

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Life Origin in the Milky Way Galaxy: I. The Stellar nucleogenesis of Elements necessary for the Life Origin

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Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology 2024年第2期10卷 647-680页

作者： Alexander n. safronov Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia

Chemical elements in space can be synthesized by stellar nuclear reactors. Studying the dynamics of processes occurring in the stars introduces a concept of the ensemble-averaged stellar reactor. For future interstellar missions, the terrestrial and solar abundances were compared with considerable number of stars allocated in the ~200 pc solar neighborhood. According to the value of the effective temperature, four stellar classes are distinguished, for which the correlation coefficients and standard deviation are calculated. The statement about the possibility of transferring heavy elements synthesized by stars over long distances in space has been completely refuted. There is no immutability of the distribution of elements on neighboring stars and in the Solar System. It is shown that chemical elements are mainly synthesized inside each stellar reactor. The theory of the buoyancy of elements is generalized to stars. It has been suggested that stars overheat due to a shift in the parameters of nuclear processes occurring inside stars, which leads to the synthesis of heavy elements.

关键词： Stellar nucleogenesis Solar Abundance Ensemble-Averaged Stellar Reactor Stellar Abundance Interstellar Mission Habitability DnA-Star

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new Theory of Effusive and Explosive Volcanic Eruptions

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International Journal of Geosciences 2022年第2期13卷 115-137页

作者： Alexander n. safronov Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics Russian Academy of Sciences/Pyzhevskii per. 3 Moscow Russia

In this study, we presented new theory of effusive and explosive of volcanic eruptions. new explanation of eruption mechanisms was done by using the Elemental Buoyancy Theory and new K-Th-U structure of Earth, developed early by author. During investigation of effusive eruptions, it was given clear answer on the question why the light chemical elements, mainly silicon and sulfur compound, currently dominate in the volcanic ashes, gases, and in the magma lavas. At investigation of explosive mechanism, we analyzed 38 strong eruptions with Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) more than 4+. It was shown that there is a link between the planet configurations and volcanic eruptions. It can be found that volcano eruptions occurred at the different types of planet alignments. The phenomenon does depend neither on planet mass nor on the relative positions of planets. Also the phenomenon does not depend on the distance between planets, but often eruptions were observed when the distances between planets are multiple units. Also in work, it was demonstrated that the planet alignment affects not only natural processes on the Earth, but also impact the Sun activity. Based on the comparison phenomenon on the Earth and Sun, we get new mechanism to rapidly rising up pressure under the lithospheric planes by gravity vortexes. This gravity vortex was called as terrestrial magmatic protuberances.

关键词： Volcanic Eruption Effusive and Explosive Mechanisms 40K nuclear Thermal Layer Terrestrial Magmatic Protuberance Gravity Vortex Planetary Trigger

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The Basic Principles of Creation of Habitable Planets around Stars in the Milky Way Galaxy

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International Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics 2016年第4期6卷 512-554页

作者： Alexander n. safronov Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics Russian Academy of Sciences/Pyzhevskii per. 3 Moscow Russia

The principle of habitable planets creation of near stars in our galaxy was developed. It was shown that the Earth and the Moon formed as a result of thermal nuclear explosion (TnE) after a collision with a small comet. The comet has broken through the proto-Earth crust, and created conditions for liquid-drop division into the Earth and the Moon. It is shown that the comet impact on the proto-Earth led to formation of continents as well as to formation of the Moon, seas, oceans and atmosphere and to creation of conditions for life origin. The analysis of kimberlitic pipes distribution, as markers of comet fragments motion under a crust, shows that the comet has broken up under crust with formation of many gas bubbles. An analysis of the Martian topography revealed that the comet hit Mars not under a glancing angle. As a result, the products of TnE remained under the Marian crust. The track of the comet movement under the Venus crust was also established. It is shown that the planet surface near comet track is spotted by numerous cracks.

关键词： Habitability Comet Impact Liquid Water Origin of Life Pangaea Earth-Like Exoplanets Topography Diamond Structures Astrobiology

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Life Origin in the Milky Way Galaxy: III. Spatial Distribution of Overheated Stars in the Solar neighborhood

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Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology 2024年第2期10卷 693-709页

作者： Alexander n. safronov Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia

A concept of ensemble averaged stellar reactors is developed to study the dynamics of processes occurring in stars, allocated in the ~200 pc solar neighborhood. According to the effective temperature value, four stellar classes are identified, for which the correlation coefficients and standard deviation are counted. The theory of the buoyancy terrestial elements is generalized to stellar systems. It was suggested that stars are over-heated due to the shift parameters of the nuclear processes occurring inside the stars, which leads to the synthesis of transuranium elements until the achievement of a critical nuclear mass and star explosion. The heavy transuranium elements sink downward and are concentrated in the stellar depth layers. The physical explanation of the existence of the critical Chandrasekhar star limit has been offered. Based on the spatial analysis of overheated stars, it was suggested that the withdrawal of the stellar reactor from the equilibrium state is a consequence of extragalactic compression inside the galaxy arm due to the arm spirality (not to be confused with the spirality of the galaxy itself).

关键词： Stellar nucleogenesis Ensemble-Averaged Stellar Reactor Overheated Stars Chandrasekhar Stellar Limit Arm Spirality

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Astronomical Triggers as a Cause of Strong Earthquakes

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International Journal of Geosciences 2022年第9期13卷 793-829页

作者： Alexander n. safronov Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics Russian Academy of Sciences/Pyzhevskii per. 3 Moscow Russia

The planetary geometries were studied at the moments of 92 strong earthquakes with a magnitude of more than 8 on the Richter scale (R8+) for the period from 1900 to 2011. Three main planetary schemes were specified, namely the schemes of the generalized Archimedes lever (gAL) and the Kepler conjunction (gKc), as well as a new geometry of the triangles of the remote signal catcher (cRS). It was discovered 22 gAL, 42 gKc and 28 cRS geometries, which are 23.9%, 45.7%, and 30.4%, respectively, from the total 92 studying cases. It was found that in some earthquakes;the planetary geometries are absolutely identical, which indicates the universality of the mechanism that caused the earthquake. The triggered effect does not depend on the distance between the planets and the mass of the planets, so the mechanism is identified as an inertial gravitational interaction. The triggered effect increases with the multiplicity of the ratio of distances between planets, as well as with pairwise planetary parallelism, which probably indicates about the wave nature of inertial effects. The triggering effect increases with increasing multiplicity of the ratio of distances between planets, as well as with pairwise planetary parallelism, which probably indicates about the wave nature of inertial effects. According to the Archimedes’ lever principle, the Third Law of Motion is changed by adding a few words. It is assumed that inertia is a special case of gravity, namely gravitational self-induction, which really depends, like any self-induction, only on the geometry of the task.

关键词： Earthquake Planet Geometry Ancient Seismology Archimedes Lever Kepler Conjunction Third Law of Motion Inertia Gravity Wave

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The Effect of a Monatomic Layer on a Surface on the Transition Radiation

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Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology 2024年第2期10卷 710-723页

作者： Alexander n. safronov Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia

The transition radiation of a charged particle crossing the interface of two media having a monatomic impurity layer is investigated. It is shown that at sliding angles of incidence of a particle on the boundary of the media, the transition radiation is mainly determined by the properties of the surface layer. The possibility of using transition radiation to study the surface of substances is discussed. In addition, due to the hard radiation present in space, this research may be important for the use of light monoatomic layers as a material for satellite antennas, “solar sails” and cover layers in a future space (interstellar) mission.

关键词： Relativistic Charged Particle Transition Radiation Monatomic Layer Spectral Angular Distribution of Radiation Sliding Angle Investigation of Thin Films Interstellar Mission

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Life Origin in the Milky Way Galaxy: II. Scanning for Habitable Stellar Systems on Behalf of Future Space Missions

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Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology 2024年第2期10卷 681-692页

作者： Alexander n. safronov Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia

The possibility of the life origin in the stellar systems, located at a distance of ~200 pc from the solar system, was investigated. The stars, in the spectrums of which C (carbon), O (oxygen), n (nitrogen), and P (phosphorus) are found, are called DnA-stars. Based on stellar abundances a new method for searching for habitable exoplanets has been developed and a list of 48 DnA-stars in the solar neighborhood, on which life is possible, has been defined. The quota of DnA-stars is equal 1.3% of the total amount of Hypatia Stellar Catalog. Only three DnA-stars out of selected 48 stars belong to the spectral class as our Sun (G2V). The closest to the solar system is the DnA-star with the number HIP 15510, which belongs to the G8V class and is 6 pc away from the solar system. nine DnA-stars, which have the highest chemical similarity with solar spectrum, were identified. It is identified that one of these nine stars, HIP 24681, has six planets.

关键词： Interstellar Mission Stellar Abundance Habitability Hypatia Stellar Catalog DnA-Star

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Kepler’s Conjunction for Two Strong Earthquakes in Türkiye in February 2023

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Open Journal of Earthquake Research 2023年第2期12卷 27-43页

作者： Alexander n. safronov Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia

This work is devoted to the study of the relationship between strong earthquakes and planetary configurations using the example of two consecutive strong earthquakes that occurred in Türkiye (Turkey), on February 6, 2023. It is shown that at the time of the earthquakes, linear alignment of the planets along the Jupiter-Venus-Sun line was observed, that is, the astronomical trigger belonged to the generalized Kepler conjunction scheme (gKc), when the Earth does not participate in the linearization scheme. It is shown that for the first earthquake that occurred at 01:17 UTC, the ratio of the distances between Jupiter-Earth and Jupiter-Mars was close to an integer value equal to 5.993. For the second earthquake that occurred on the same day at 10:25 UTC, no integer resonance ratios were detected, however, it was found that the terrestrial e UTC line at the time of the earthquake passed through the position of Mercury. Recall that the 12-hour line of the eUTC chart is always oriented towards the Sun. The conclusions of the work once again confirm the correctness of the theories of Archimedes and Kepler and convince us of the existence of a gravitational phenomenon that does not depend on the distances and masses of planets, has a pronounced inertial and wave character and does not fit into the general theory of relativity, developed in the last century by Albert Einstein.

关键词： Earthquake Archimedes Lever Kepler Conjunction Inertia Gravitational Waves Titius-Bode Law Interference

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Theory of the Origin of Terrestrial and Lunar Ores

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International Journal of Geosciences 2023年第6期14卷 547-583页

作者： Alexander n. safronov Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia

In this study, the theory of ore formation on the Earth and the Moon was developed. It is shown that ore deposits on the Earth and the Moon were mainly formed simultaneously with the separation of the Moon from the protoplanet and the formation of the oldest continents. The formation of terrestrial ores occurred as a result of the release of intermediate and heavy chemical elements from the deep layers of the protoplanet and the subsequent process of adhesion to old terrestrial geological faults. The time of terrestrial and lunar ores formations corresponds to the boundary between the Tonian and Cryogenian Periods (~720 Ma). Lunar ore formation processes are different on the near and far sides. The farside of the Moon is a single piece of the protoplanetary lithosphere, so ores there could be formed mainly due to the overflow of igneous rocks over the edge of the lunar continent. On the nearside, due to the rapid cooling, ores were formed in the area of navel-string during the drip-liquid separation of the Moon from the Earth. Due to the fact that the Moon separated at the first stage, the amount of water and methane on it is limited. In periods after the Cryogenian, volcanic, lava and sedimentary rocks on Earth could be enriched with intermediate elements due to the disruption of vertical stratification during galactic storms. To analyze this, a comparison of terrestrial volcanic and lunar pseudo-volcanic activity was carried out in the work.

关键词： Comet Impact Galaxy Storm Galaxy Calm Elemental Buoyancy Theory Mantle-Core Layers Ores Origin

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