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An Evaluation of the Introduction of Modified Cropping Practices in Yunnan Province,China,Using Surveys of Farmers’ Households

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2009年第2期8卷 188-202页

作者： M Subedi T J Hocking M A Fullen A R McCrea E Milne D J mitchell WU Bo-zhi School of Applied Sciences University of Wolverhampton Wulfruna Street Wolverhampton WV1 1LY UK The Macaulay Institute Craigiebuckler Aberdeen AB15 8QH UK Yunnan Agricultural University Kunming 650201 P.R.China

Problems associated with land degradation are serious in China. Sloping land in South China has experienced a decline in crop productivity by 30-60% due to soil erosion and it has been predicted that most topsoil will be lost within the next 100 years if current erosion rates continue. Considering these situations, an agro-environmental research and development project （Sustainable Highland Agriculture in South-East Asia- SHASEA） was conducted in a catchment in Yunnan Province, China, to address the objectives of increasing crop productivity in sustainable and environmentally-friendly ways. A range of cropping practices was developed and implemented in a rural upland catchment （Wang Jia）. At the end of the project, farmers were surveyed to evaluate project effectiveness. All farmers from Wang Jia Catchment, who were involved in project implementation, were surveyed. A sample of farmers working in an adjacent catchment （not associated with the project） was surveyed for comparative purposes. Farmers had different perceptions of the cropping practices employed. Contour cultivation was preferred and likely to be adopted. Others practices such as straw mulching and intercropping were seen as less appropriate and unlikely to be adopted. Polythene mulch was recognized as effective, but likely to be adopted only if financial returns were favourable. The availability of relevant information had an important impact on the extent of technology testing by farmers and their willingness to adopt the practices in the future.

关键词： cropping practices farmers' perceptions household survey Yunnan China

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Modern treatment of gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第46期18卷 6720-6728页

作者： Kevin K Roggin mitchell C Posner Department of Surgery Pritzker School of Medicine University of Chicago

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are rare mesenchymal smooth muscle sarcomas that can arise anywhere within the gastrointestinal tract. Sporadic mutations within the tyrosine kinase receptors of the interstitial cells of Cajal have been identified as the key molecular step in GIST carcinogenesis. Although many patients are asymptomatic, the most common associated symptoms include: abdominal pain, dyspepsia, gastric outlet obstruction, and anorexia. Rarely, GIST can perforate causing life-threatening hemoperitoneum. Most are ultimately diagnosed on cross-sectional imaging studies (i.e., computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging in combination with upper endoscopy. Endoscopic ultrasonographic localization of these tumors within the smooth muscle layer and acquisition of neoplastic spindle cells harboring mutations in the c-KIT gene is pathognomonic. Curative treatment requires a complete gross resection of the tumor. Both open and minimally invasive operations have been shown to reduce recurrence rates and improve long-term survival. While there is considerable debate over whether GIST can be benign neoplasms, we believe that all GIST have malignant potential, but vary in their propensity to recur after resection and metastasize to distant organ sites. Prognostic factors include location, size (i.e., > 5 cm), grade (> 5-10 mitoses per 50 high power fields and specific mutational events that are still being defined. Adjuvant therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as imatinib mesylate, has been shown to reduce the risk of recurrence after one year of therapy. Treatment of locally-advanced or borderline resectable gastric GIST with neoadjuvant imatinib has been shown to induce regression in a minority of patients and stabilization in the majority of cases. This treatment strategy potentially reduces the need for more extensive surgical resections and increases the number of patients eligible for curative therapy. The modern surgical treatment of

关键词： Gastrointestinal stromal tumors Laparoscopic resections of gastrointestinal stromal tumors Imatinib mesylate Gastrectomy

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Pancreas preserving distal duodenectomy: A versatile operation for a range of infra-papillary pathologies

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第23期23卷 4252-4261页

作者： W Kyle mitchell Pradeep F Thomas Abed M Zaitoun Adam J Brooks Dileep N Lobo Gastrointestinal Surgery Nottingham Digestive Diseases CentreNational Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research CentreNottingham University Hospitals and University of NottinghamQueen's Medical Centre Cellular Pathology Nottingham Digestive Diseases CentreNational Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research CentreNottingham University Hospitals and University of NottinghamQueen's Medical Centre

To investigate the range of pathologies treated by pancreas preserving distal duodenectomy (PPDD) and present the outcome of *** lesions of the duodenum are treated conventionally by pancreaticoduodenectomy. Lesions distal to the major papilla may be suitable for a pancreas-preserving distal duodenectomy, potentially reducing morbidity and mortality. We present our experience with this procedure. Selective intraoperative duodenoscopy assessed the relationship of the papilla to the lesion. After duodenal mobilisation and confirmation of the site of the lesion, the duodenum was transected distal to the papilla and beyond the duodenojejunal flexure and a side-to-side duodeno-jejunal anastomosis was formed. Patients were identified from a prospectively maintained database and outcomes determined from digital health records with a dataset including demographics, co-morbidities, mode of presentation, preoperative imaging and assessment, nutritional support needs, technical operative details, blood transfusion requirements, length of stay, pathology including lymph node yield and lymph node involvement, length of follow-up, complications and outcomes. Related published literature was also ***-four patients had surgery with the intent of performing PPDD from 2003 to 2016. Nineteen underwent PPDD successfully. Two patients planned for PPDD proceeded to formal pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) while three had unresectable disease. Median post-operative follow-up was 32 mo. Pathologies resected included duodenal adenocarcinoma (n = 6), adenomas (n = 5), gastrointestinal stromal tumours (n = 4) and lipoma, bleeding duodenal diverticulum, locally advanced colonic adenocarcinoma and extrinsic compression (n = 1 each). Median postoperative length of stay (LOS) was 8 d and morbidity was low [pain and nausea/vomiting (n = 2), anastomotic stricture (n = 1), pneumonia (n = 1), and overwhelming post-splenectomy sepsis (n = 1, asplenic patient)]. PP

关键词： Pancreas preserving distal duodenectomy Duodenojejunostomy Duodenal disease Surgical technique Adults Indications Treatment Outcome

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Regulation of Parkin-dependent mitophagy by Bcl-2-associated athanogene(BAG)family members

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第4期16卷 684-685页

作者： Minesh Kapadia.mitchell L.De Snoo Lorraine V.Kalia Suneil K.Kalia Krembil Research Institute Toronto Western HospitalUniversity Health NetworkTorontoONCanada Faculty of Medicine University of TorontoTorontoONCanada Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology University of TorontoTorontoONCanada Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases Division of NeurologyDepartment of MedicineUniversity of TorontoToronto Western HospitalUniversity Health NetworkTorontoONCanada Division of Neurosurgery Department of SurgeryUniversity of TorontoToronto Western HospitalUniversity Health NetworkTorontoONCanada

Mitochondria are essential organelles that play a central role in cellular metabolism and *** broad range of functions include supplying energy,regulating signaling pathways,and maintaining control of cell proliferation and *** defective mitochondria can perturb cellular homeostasis,quality control mechanisms have evolved to preserve mitochondrial fidelity in response to stress and aging(Palikaras et al.,2018).Persistent defects,however,trigger elimination of the entire organelle by an evolutionarily conserved set of cellular processes that specifically remove dysfunctional or surplus *** selective degradation of the mitochondria through autophagy,termed mitophagy,is important in fine-tuning mitochondrial number.

关键词： remove elimination metabolism

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Equity and seeking treatment for young children with fever in Nigeria: a cross-sectional study in Cross River and Bauchi States

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2015年第1期4卷 1-8页

作者： Bikom Patrick Odu Steven mitchell Hajara Isa Iyam Ugot Robbinson Yusuf Anne Cockcroft Neil Andersson CIET Trust 71 Oxford RoadSaxonwoldJohannesburg 2196South Africa CIET/PRAM Department of Family MedicineMcGill University5858 Côte-des-NeigesSuite 300MontrealQC H3Z 1Z1Canada Community Health Department and Roll Back Malaria Program CalabarCross River StateNigeria State Ministry of Health BauchiBauchi StateNigeria CIET Trust Botswana PO Box 1240GaboroneBotswana

Background:Poor children have a higher risk of contracting malaria and may be less likely to receive effective *** is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in Nigerian children and many cases of childhood fever are due to *** study examined socioeconomic factors related to taking children with fever for treatment in formal health ***:A household survey conducted in Bauchi and Cross River states of Nigeria asked parents where they sought treatment for their children aged 0–47 months with severe fever in the last month and collected information about household socio-economic *** also recorded whether there was a health facility in the *** used treatment of severe fever in a health facility to indicate likely effective treatment for *** analysis in each state examined associations with treatment of childhood fever in a health ***:43%weighted(%wt)of 10,862 children had severe fever in the last month in Cross River,and 45%wt of 11,053 children in *** these,less than half(31%wt Cross River,44%wt Bauchi)were taken to a formal health facility for *** were more likely to be taken to a health facility if there was one in the community(OR 2.31[95%CI 1.57–3.39]in Cross River,OR 1.33[95%CI 1.0–1.7]in Bauchi).Children with fever lasting less than five days were less likely to be taken for treatment than those with more prolonged fever,regardless of whether there was such a facility in their *** mothers were more likely to take children with fever to a formal health *** communities with a health facility in Cross River,children from less-poor households were more likely to go to the facility(OR 1.30;95%CI 1.07-1.58).Conclusion:There is inequity of access to effective malaria treatment for children with fever in the two states,even when there is a formal health facility in the *** the details of inequity of access in th

关键词： Severe fever Malaria Equity Access to care Nigeria

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Linking the Gawler Craton and Mount Isa Province through hydrothermal systems in the Peake and Denison Domain,northeastern Gawler Craton

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Geoscience Frontiers 2023年第5期14卷 108-125页

作者： mitchell J.Bockmann Justin L.Payne Martin Hand Laura J.Morrissey Antonio P.Belperio Department of Earth Sciences University of AdelaideAdelaideSAAustralia Mineral Exploration Cooperative Research Centre University of AdelaideAdelaideSAAustralia UniSA STEM University of South AustraliaAdelaideSAAustralia Mineral Exploration Cooperative Research Centre Future Industries InstituteUniversity of South AustraliaAdelaideSAAustralia Demetallica Ltd NorwoodSAAustralia

Tectonic reconstructions of Proterozoic Australia commonly place the Peake and Denison Domain of the northeastern Gawler Craton at the interface between the North and South Australian cratons prior to the reconfiguration of Australia’s main tectonic components in the ***,this reconstruction is largely based on palaeomagnetic data as the geological correlations between these regions are currently limited,particularly during the *** early Mesoproterozoic period is significant as it corresponds to major IOCG mineralization in the eastern Gawler Craton between 1600 Ma and 1575 Ma,and IOCG mineralization in the Mount Isa Province largely between 1550 Ma and 1490 ***,determining the relationship of the Peake and Denison Domain to the Gawler Craton and Mount Isa Province during this period is essential to evaluating mineral prospectivity in the northeastern Gawler *** U–Pb LA-ICP-MS geochronology on zircon and titanite improves our understanding of the tectonothermal and hydrothermal history the Peake and Denison Domain during the latePalaeoproterozoic,early-Mesoproterozoic and the Cambrian–Ordovician *** formed within largely calc-silicate alteration assemblages indicates the Peake and Denison Domain has a protracted history of hydrothermal activity,recording events at c.1565 Ma,1530–1515 Ma,c.1500 Ma,c.1465 Ma and c.490 *** highly calcic nature of the c.1565–1500 Ma alteration in the Peake and Denison Domain shares strong similarities in age and character to the regional calcic-sodic alteration recorded in the Mount Isa *** suggest the two regions were influenced by similar hydrothermal systems during the early Mesoproterozoic,supporting reconstruction models that place the Peake and Denison Domain near the Mount Isa Province during the *** highlights the prospectivity of the Peake and Denison Domain for Isan-style IOCG mineralization,but requires consideration of the post-

关键词： Peake and Denison Gawler Craton Mount Isa IOCG Tectonic reconstruction Titanite

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Data-driven magneto-elastic predictions with scalable classical spin-lattice dynamics

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npj Computational Materials 2021年第1期7卷 1414-1425页

作者： Svetoslav Nikolov mitchell AWood Attila Cangi Jean-Bernard Maillet Mihai-Cosmin Marinica Aidan PThompson Michael P.Desjarlais Julien Tranchida Computational Multiscale Department Sandia National LaboratoriesP.O.Box 5800MS 1322AlbuquerqueNM 87185USA Center for Advanced Systems Understanding(CASUS) D-02826 GörlitzGermany Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf D-01328 DresdenGermany CEA-DAM DIFArpajon Cedex F-91297France UniversitéParis-Saclay CEALMCE91680 Bruyères-le-ChâtelFrance UniversitéParis-Saclay CEAService de Recherches de Métallurgie PhysiqueGif-sur-Yvette 91191France Sandia National Laboratories P.O.Box 5800MS 1322AlbuquerqueNM 87185USA

A data-driven framework is presented for building magneto-elastic machine-learning interatomic potentials(ML-IAPs)for largescale spin-lattice dynamics *** magneto-elastic ML-IAPs are constructed by coupling a collective atomic spin model with an *** they represent a potential energy surface from which the mechanical forces on the atoms and the precession dynamics of the atomic spins are *** the atomic spin model and the ML-IAP are parametrized on data from first-principles *** demonstrate the efficacy of our data-driven framework across magneto-structural phase transitions by generating a magneto-elastic ML-IAP forα-*** combined potential energy surface yields excellent agreement with firstprinciples magneto-elastic calculations and quantitative predictions of diverse materials properties including bulk modulus,magnetization,and specific heat across the ferromagnetic–paramagnetic phase transition.

关键词： transition dynamics magneto

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ZONAL AND MERIDIONAL CIRCULATIONS IN THE EQUA-TORIALZONE AS DEDUCED FROM THE DIVERGENCE FIELD OF THE SURFACE WIND

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 1987年第4期4卷 432-446页

作者：王绍武,Todd P.mitchell,John M.Wallace Department of Geophysics Peking University Todd P. mitchell and John M. Wallace Department of Atmospheric Sciences University of Washington U.S.A. Department of Atmospheric Sciences University of Washington U.S.A. Department of Atmospheric Sciences University of Washington U.S.A.

The zonal and meridional circulations and their variability arc examined on the basis of the surface wind data for 1950-1979. The climatological mean zonal wind and its divergence arc examined in reference to the Walker Circulation. The role played by the meridional circulation in contributing to convergence of the surface wind field within the equatorial zone is emphasized. Regression coefficients are used to infer seasonal mean anomalies of divergence of the surface wind in years when the sea level pressure is 1 hPa above normal at Darwin, a condition representative of El Nino events. It is shown that anomalies in the divergence associated with the meridional wind component are primarily responsible for the heavy precipitation in the Central Pacific, while the anomalous divergence associated with the zonal wind component may cause the drought in the Western Pacific near Indonesia. A similar pattern of divergence anomalies is evident during three consecutive seasons beginning in northern summer and end

关键词： Nino over ZONAL AND MERIDIONAL CIRCULATIONS IN THE EQUA-TORIALZONE AS DEDUCED FROM THE DIVERGENCE FIELD OF THE SURFACE WIND

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Training data selection for accuracy and transferability of interatomic potentials

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 1795-1803页

作者： David Montes de Oca Zapiain mitchell A.Wood Nicholas Lubbers Carlos ZP.ereyra Aidan P.Thompson Danny Perez Sandia National Laboratories AlbuquerqueNM87185USA Computer Computationaland Statistical Sciences DivisionLos Alamos National LaboratoryLos AlamosNM87545USA Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of California DavisDavisCA95616USA Theoretical Division Los Alamos National LaboratoryLos AlamosNM87545USA

Advances in machine learning(ML)have enabled the development of interatomic potentials that promise the accuracy of first principles methods and the low-cost,parallel efficiency of empirical ***,ML-based potentials struggle to achieve transferability,i.e.,provide consistent accuracy across configurations that differ from those used during *** order to realize the promise of ML-based potentials,systematic and scalable approaches to generate diverse training sets need to be *** work creates a diverse training set for tungsten in an automated manner using an entropy optimization ***,multiple polynomial and neural network potentials are trained on the entropy-optimized dataset.A corresponding set of potentials are trained on an expert-curated dataset for tungsten for *** models trained to the entropy-optimized data exhibited superior transferability compared to the expert-curated ***,the models trained to the expert-curated set exhibited a significant decrease in performance when evaluated on out-of-sample configurations.

关键词： entropy transfer configuration

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Secretogranln-II plays a critical role in zebrafis neurovascular modeling

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Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 2018年第5期10卷 388-401页

作者： Binbin Tao Hongling Hu Kimberly mitchell Ji Chen Haibo Jia Zuoyan Zhu Vance L. Trudeau Wei Hu State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology Institute of Hydrobiology Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan 430072 China University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 10049 China Department of Biology University of Ottawa Ottawa Ontario K1N 6N5 Canada Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education College of Life Science and Technology HuaZhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China

Secretoneurin （SN） is a neuropeptide derived from specific proteolytic processing of the precursor secretogranin II （Sgll）. In zebrafish and other teleosts, there are two paralogs named sglla and sgllb. Our results showed that neurons expressing sgllb were aligned with central arteries in the hindbrain, demonstrating a close neurovascular association. Both sgllb-/- and sgllo-/-/sgllb-/- mutant embryos were defective in hindbrain central artery development due to impairment of migration and proliferation of central artery cells. Further study revealed that sgllb is non-ceU autonomous and required for central artery development. Hindbrain arterial and venous network identities were not affected in sgllb-/- mutant embryos, and the mRNA levels of Notch and VEGF pathway-related genes were not altered. However, the activation of MAPK and PI3K/AKT pathways was inhibited in sgllb-/- mutant embryos. Reactivation of MAPK or PI3K/AKT in endothelial cells could partially rescue the central artery developmental defects in the sgllb mutants. This studV provides the first in vivo evidence that sgllb ptavs a critical rote in neurovascutar modeling of the hindbrain. Targeting the Sgll system may, therefore, represent a new avenue for the treatment of vascular defects in the central nervous system.

关键词： Secretogranin-II secretoneurin TALENs neurovascular zebrafish

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