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Differences in sensitivity of native and exotic fish species to changes in river temperature

Current Zoology 2011年第6期57卷 852-862页

作者： R.S.E.W. LEUVEN A.J. HENDRIKS M.A.J. HUIJBREGTS H.J.R. LENDERS J. matthews VAN DER VELDE Radboud University Nijmegen Institute for Water and Wetland Research Department of Environmental Science Heyendaal- seweg 135 NL-6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands Radboud University Nijmegen Institute for Water and Wetland Research Department of Animal Ecology and Ecophysiology Heyendaalseweg 135 NL-6525 AJ Nijmegen The Netherlands Netherlands Centre for Biodiversity Naturalis P.O. Box 9517 NL-2300 RA Leiden The Netherlands

This paper describes the effects that temperature changes in the Rhine river distributaries have on native and exotic fish diversity. Site-specific potentially affected fractions （PAFs） of the regional fish species pool were derived using species sensitivity distributions （SSDs） for water temperature. The number of fish species in the river distributaries has changed remarkably over the last century. The number of native rheophilous species declined up until 1980 due to anthropogenic disturbances such as commercial fishing, fiver regulation, migration barriers, habitat deterioration and water pollution. In spite of progress in river re- habilitation, the native rheophilous fish fauna has only partially recovered thus far. The total number of species has strongly in- creased due to the appearance of more exotic species. After the opening of the Rhine-Main-Danube waterway in 1992, many fish species originating from the Ponto-Caspian area colonized the Rhine basin. The yearly minimum and maximum river tempera- tures at Lobith have increased by circa 4 ~C over the period 1908-2010. Exotic species show lower PAFs than native species at both ends of the temperature range. The interspecific variation in the temperature tolerance of exotic fish species was found to be large. Using temporal trends in river temperature allowed past predictions of PAFs to demonstrate that the increase in maximum river temperature negatively affected a higher percentage of native fish species than exotic species. Our results support the hy- pothesis that alterations of the river Rhine＇s temperature regime caused by thermal pollution and global wanning limit the full recovery of native fish fauna and facilitate the establishment of exotic species which thereby increases competition between native and exotic species. Thermal refuges are important for the survival of native fish species under extreme summer or winter temperature conditions

关键词： Aquatic invaders Global warming Heat discharges Lethal temperature River Rhine Thermal heterogeneity

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Australian Youth Movements Enacting Sociopolitical Change

Australian Youth Movements Enacting Sociopolitical Change

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北京论坛（2011）文明的和谐与共同繁荣--传统与现代、变革与转型

作者： Sibella.matthews University of Sydney Student Union

Australian youth movements in Australia are gaining increasing success and attention in engaging with powerful *** the use of advocacy campaigns and education programs,youth-led organizations are creating sociopolitical change and demonstrating that young people are necessary contributors in Australian political *** paper looks at the concepts of citizenship and empowerment in Australian youth movements before exploring three case ***,the United Nations Youth Australia is observed as a peer-to-peer education organization,focusing on the empowerment of young people through the principles of the United ***,the Australian Youth Climate Coalition is shown to have demonstrated the success of young people and political campaigns,particularly in addressing the climate crisis in the lead up to a federal ***,the Oaktree Foundation is explored as an example of activism in a domestic context,while enacting change on an international *** observing each of the three case studies,it is clear that Australian youth movements are empowering the current young generation to take control of their political future.

关键词： Australian Youth Movements Enacting Sociopolitical Change

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Effects of radiation and chemotherapy on adipose stem cells: Implications for use in fat grafting in cancer patients

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2021年第8期13卷 1084-1093页

作者： Rebecca Platoff Miguel A Villalobos Ashleigh Rapp Hagaman Yuan Liu Martha.matthews Michael E DiSanto Jeffrey P Carpenter Ping Zhang Department of Surgery Cooper University Health CareCamdenNJ 08103United States Department of Surgery Cooper Medical School of Rowan UniversityCamdenNJ 08103United States Department of Biomedical Sciences Cooper Medical School of Rowan UniversityCamdenNJ 08103United States

Autologous fat transplantation is a versatile tool in reconstructive ***-derived stem cells(ASCs)increase survival of fat grafts and thus are increasingly used for breast reconstruction in breast cancer ***,radiation and/or chemotherapy have been proposed to inhibit soft tissue regeneration in wound healing thus suggesting alteration in stem cell ***,elucidating effects of radiation and chemotherapy on ASCs is critical if one desires to enhance the survival of fat grafts in *** review outlines our work evaluating the function and recoverability of ASCs from radiation or chemotherapy patients,focusing specifically on their availability as a source of autologous stem cells for fat grafting and breast reconstruction in cancer *** though evidence suggests radiation and chemotherapy negatively influence ASCs at the cellular level,the efficiency of the isolation and differentiation capacity did not appear influenced in patients after receiving chemotherapy treatment,although fat from radiated patients exhibited significantly altered ASC differentiation into endothelial-like ***,the in vitro growth rates of patient’s ASCs do not differ significantly before or after *** together,these studies suggest ASCs as an important new tool for grafting and reconstruction even when radiation and chemotherapy treatment are involved.

关键词： Fat grafting Breast reconstruction Stem cells Breast cancer Radiation Chemotherapy

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Non-exercise estimated cardiorespiratory fitness and cancer incidence:The NIH-AARP diet and health study

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运动与健康科学(英文) 2023年第6期12卷 739-746页

作者： Baruch Vainshelboim Jonathan Myers Charles Ematthews Center for Tobacco Research Division of Medical OncologyDepartment of Internal MedicineThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43214USA Cardiology Division Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System/Stanford UniversityPalo AltoCA 94304USA Metabolic Epidemiology Branch Division of Cancer Epidemiology and GeneticsNational Cancer InstituteRockvilleMD 20850USA

Background Non-exercise estimated cardiorespiratory fitness(NEE-CRF)has been shown to be associated with mortality,although its association with cancer incidence is *** study aimed to assess the prospective association between NEE-CRF and cancer incidence in a large cohort of men and *** The National Institutes of Health-American Association of Retired Persons diet and health study is a prospective cohort that included 402,548 participants aged 50–71 years who were free from cancer at baseline(1995–1996)(men(n=238,835)and women(n=163,713))and were followed until December 31,*** exposure variable was NEE-CRF expressed in metabolic ***-CRF was estimated using a validated equation of self-reported predictors on demographics and lifestyle behaviors derived from baseline *** outcomes were total cancer incidence and incidence of prostate,breast,lung,and colorectal *** proportional hazards models were analyzed for the association between NEE-CRF and cancer incidence outcomes adjusted for established cancer risk *** During 13.7±3.2 years of follow-up(mean±SD),64,344 men and 31,315 women developed a new *** every 1-metabolic equivalent higher NEE-CRF,the hazard ratios and 95%confidence intervals(95%CIs)were 0.96(95%CI:0.94–0.97)and 0.88(95%CI:0.84–0.92)of total and colorectal cancer incidence among men,and 0.95(95%CI:0.93–0.97)and 0.94(95%CI:0.91–0.97)of total and breast cancer incidence among women,respectively(all p<0.001).NEE-CRF was not associated with incidence of prostate and lung cancers in men or colorectal and lung cancers in *** These results suggest that higher CRF levels,as assessed by the applied non-exercise estimated method,may provide preventive benefits against the development of cancer,while low CRF could potentially serve as a modifiable cancer risk *** NEE-CRF into screening paradigms and referring low-fit individuals to improve CRF could complemen

关键词： Aerobic capacity Breast cancer Cancer risk Colorectal cancer VO_(2max)

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A platform for initial testing of multiple camouflage patterns

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2021年第6期17卷 1833-1839页

作者： Joanna R.Hall Olivia.matthews Timothy N.Volonakis Eric Liggins Karl P.Lymer Roland Baddeley Innes C.Cuthill Nicholas E.Scott-Samuel School of Psychological Science University of Bristol12a Priory RoadBristolBS81TUUK School of Biological Sciences University of Bristol24 Tyndall AvenueBristolBS81TQUK QinetiQ Ltd Cody Technology ParkFarnboroughHampshireGU140LXUK Defence Science and Technology Lab Physical Sciences GroupPorton DownSalisburyWiltshireSP40JQUK

The human visual system is still an important factor in military warfare;military personnel receive training on effective search strategies,and camouflage that can effectively conceal objects and personnel is a key component of a successful integrated survivability *** methods of camouflage assessment have,amongst others,used psychophysics to generate distinctiveness ***,the population from which the human observers are drawn is often not well defined,or necessarily *** this experiment we designed a new platform for testing multiple patterns based on a camouflaged object detection task,and investigate whether trained military observers perform better than *** use a two-alternative forced choice paradigm,with participants searching images of woodland for a replica military helmet displaying Olive Green,Multi Terrain Pattern,US Marine Pattern or,as a conspicuous control,UN Peacekeeper *** data show that there is no difference in detection performance between the two observer groups but that there are clear differences in the effectiveness of the different helmet colour patterns in a temperate woodland *** conclude that when tasks involve very short stimulus presentation times,task-specific training has little effect on the success of target detection and thus this paradigm is particularly suitable for robust estimates of camouflage efficacy.

关键词： Camouflage Detection Military Civilian Expertise Training

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硬球

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作者：马修斯 matthews

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Is perinatal neuroendocrine programming involved in the developmental origins of metabolic disorders?

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World Journal of Diabetes 2011年第12期2卷 211-216页

作者： David IW Phillips Stephen G matthews MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit South-ampton General Hospital Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto Medical Sciences Building 1 King's College Circle

The discovery that small size at birth and during infancy are associated with a higher risk of diabetes and related metabolic disease in later life has pointed to the importance of developmental factors in these conditions. The birth size associations are thought to refl ect exposure to adverse environmental factors during early development but the mechanisms involved are still not fully understood. Animal and human work has pointed to the importance of changes in the setpoint of a number of key hormonal systems controlling growth and development. These include the IGF-1/GH axis, gonadal hormones and, in particular, the systems mediating the classical stress response. Several studies show that small size at birth is linked with increased activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and sympathoadrenal system in adult life. More recent human studies have shown associations between specif ic adverse experiences during pregnancy, such as famine or the consumption of adverse diets, and enhanced stress responses many decades later. The mediators of these neuroendocrine responses are biologically potent and are likely to have a direct infl uence on the risk of metabolic disease. These neuroendocrine changes may also have an evolutionary basis being part of broader process, termed phenotypic plasticity, by which adverse environmental cues experienced during development modify the structure and physiology of the adult towards a phenotype adapted for adversity. The changes are clearly advantageous if they lead to a phenotype which is well-adapted for the adult environment, but may lead to disease if there is subsequent overnutrition or other unexpected environmental conditions.

关键词： Neuroendocrine fetal programming Metabolic disease Diabetes Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis Stress responses Birth weight

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Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibition reduces succinate levels in diabetic mice

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第23期26卷 3225-3235页

作者： Lakshini Y Herat Natalie C Ward Aaron L Magno Elizabeth P Rakoczy Marcio G Kiuchi Markus P Schlaich Vance B matthews School of Biomedical Sciences Dobney Hypertension CentreRoyal Perth Hospital UnitUniversity of Western AustraliaPerth 6000Australia Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Western AustraliaCrawley 6009Australia Faculty of Health Sciences School of Public HealthCurtin UniversityBentley 6102Australia Research Centre Royal Perth HospitalPerth 6000Australia Department of Molecular Ophthalmology University of Western AustraliaCrawley 6009Australia Dobney Hypertension Centre School of MedicineRoyal Perth Hospital UnitUniversity of Western AustraliaPerth 6000Australia Department of Cardiology and Department of Nephrology Royal Perth HospitalPerth 6000Australia

BACKGROUND Type 1 diabetes(T1D) is associated with major chronic microvascular complications which contribute significantly to diabetes associated *** protein primarily responsible for glucose reabsorption in the kidney is sodium glucose co-transporter 2(SGLT2). Presently, SGLT2 inhibitors are widely used in diabetic patients to improve blood glucose levels and prevent cardiovascular and renal complications. Given the broad therapeutic application of SGLT2 inhibitors, we hypothesised that SGLT2 inhibition may exert its protective effects via alterations of the gut microbiome and tested this in a type 1 diabetic mouse model of diabetic *** To determine whether the treatment with two independent SGLT2 inhibitors affects gut health in a type 1 diabetic mouse *** The SGLT2 inhibitors empagliflozin or dapagliflozin(25 mg/kg/d) or vehicle dimethylsulfoxide(DMSO) were administered to C57 BL/6 J, Akita, Kimba and Akimba mice at 10 wk of age for 8 wk via their drinking water. Serum samples were collected and the concentration of succinate and the short chain fatty acid(SCFA) butyric acid was measured using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was performed to determine the concentration of insulin and leptin. Furthermore, the norepinephrine content in kidney tissue was determined using ELISA. Pancreatic tissue was collected and stained with haematoxylin and eosin and analysed using brightfield *** Due to the presence of the Akita allele, both Akita and Akimba mice showed a reduction in insulin production compared to C57 BL/6 J and Kimba ***, Akita mice also showed the presence of apoptotic bodies within the pancreatic islets. The acinar cells of Akita and Akimba mice showed swelling which is indicative of acute injury or pancreatitis. After 8 wk of SGLT2 inhibition with dapagliflozin, the intermediate metabolite of gut metabolism known as succinate was significantly reduced

关键词： Sodium glucose co-transporter inhibitors Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 Diabetes Diabetic retinopathy Mouse Gut microbiota Empagliflozin Dapagliflozin Succinate Akimba

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Hepatitis B virus(HBV)and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)in sub-Saharan Africa:no room for complacency

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Hepatoma Research 2022年第1期8卷 207-211页

作者： Philippa C.matthews Anna Kramvis The Francis Crick Institute Midland RoadLondon NW14ATUK Division of Infection and Immunity University College LondonLondon WC1E 6BTUK Department of Infectious Diseases University College London NHS Foundation TrustLondon NW12PGUK Hepatitis Virus Diversity Research Unit School of Clinical MedicineFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburg 2050South Africa

The increasing incidence and mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)driven by hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection is a global public health concern[1].Despite World Health Organization(WHO)targets for the elimination of hepatitis as a public health problem by 2030,death attributable to viral hepatitis has continued to rise over the past decade[2],in contrast to the reduction seen in the comparable threats of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV),tuberculosis(TB)and malaria.

关键词： hepatocellular mortality (HBV)

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苏俄的阶级与社会

苏俄的阶级与社会

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作者： M.·马修斯(M. matthews)

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