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Assessment of Endotoxin Removal from Reclaimed Wastewater Using Coagulation-Flocculation

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2016年第9期8卷 855-864页

作者： m. Guizani m. A. lopez Zavala N. Funamizu Faculty of Engineering Environmental Engineering Division Hokkaido University Sapporo Japan Water Center for Latinamerica and the Caribbean Tecnologico de Monterrey Monterrey Mexico

Following biological treatment, wastewater continues to have endotoxic active materials. However, because there is a trend of potable reuse and because endotoxic active materials potentially have harmful effects on human health, their removal from water is crucial. Lipopolysaccharide endotoxin has hydrophobic groups, and their removal using a coagulation-flocculation alternative is believed to be efficient. Thus, their removal from reclaimed wastewater using the coagulation-flocculation process was assessed. Secondary effluent samples from a wastewater treatment plant located in Sapporo, Japan, were investigated. It was found that this process gave satisfactory results in removing endotoxins, with an optimum removal rate of up to 40.5%. The endotoxin removal was maximized by adjusting the pH at the low range 4 - 5.5, with an aluminum sulfate dose of 80 mg/L. Further increases of the coagulant dose did not improve the removal efficiency. DOC and turbidity removal were at their optimum at higher pH range 5.5 - 6.5. Thus coagulation and flocculation could be considered as the first barrier and should be followed by other treatments to safely reuse reclaimed wastewater.

关键词： LPS Endotoxins Wastewater Coagulation-Flocculation Potable Reuse

Dynamic assessment of variations in pupil diameter using swept‑source anterior segment optical coherence tomography after phakic collamer lens implantation

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Eye and Vision 2021年第6期8卷 396-403页

作者： Felix Gonzalez‑lopez Carmen Bouza‑miguens Victor Tejerina Vasyl Druchkiv Blas mompean Julio Ortega‑Usobiaga Rafael Bilbao‑Calabuig Department of Refractive Surgery Clinica BavieraMelchor Fernández Almagro928029 MadridSpain Department of Research and Development Clinica BavieraValenciaSpain

Purpose:To dynamically assess variations in pupil diameter induced by changes in brightness in myopic eyes implanted with an implantable collamer lens(ICL,STAAR Surgical)with a central ***:This prospective,observational single-center case series study comprised 65 eyes from 65 consecutive patients undergoing ICL implant.A modified commercially available swept-source Fourier-domain anterior segment optical coherence tomography(AS-OCT)device was used for imaging and performing dynamic pupillometry under changing light conditions before and after a mean follow-up interval of four months after ***:Preoperative mean pupil size under photopic conditions was 3.38±0.64 mm;after surgery,this increased to 3.48±0.61 *** pupil size under scotopic light conditions was 5.72±0.79 mm before surgery and 5.84±0.77 mm *** differences between preoperative and postoperative pupil diameter in miosis and mydriasis were 0.10±0.44 mm(P=0.078)and 0.12±0.58 mm(P=0.098),*** scotopic pupil exceeded the optic zone of the implanted lens in 39 eyes(60%).The mean central vault value was 412±177μm under maximum miosis and 506±190μm under maximum *** found a positive correlation between vault and differences in pupil diameter under all light conditions(Pmic AS-OCT enables a very precise determination of the pupillary diameter in the iris *** changes in the pupil diameter under different light conditions after the implantation of an ICL are related to the postoperative vault.

关键词： Phakic collamer lens ICL Pupil OCT Central hole Central port Posterior chamber phakic lens

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Brillouin expanded time-domain analysis based on dual optical frequency combs

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第8期13卷 1534-1544页

作者： Jae Hyeong Youn Kwang Yong Song Sonia martin-lopez miguel Gonzalez-Herraez maría R.Fernández-Ruiz Dept.of Physics Chung-Ang UniversitySeoulKorea Dept.of Electronics Universidad de AlcaláMadridSpain

Brillouin Optical Time-Domain Analysis(BOTDA)is a widely-used distributed optical fiber sensing technology employing pulse-modulated pump waves for local information retrieval of the Brillouin gain or loss *** spatial resolution of BOTDA systems is intrinsically linked to pulse duration,so high-resolution measurements demand high electronic bandwidths inversely proportional to the *** paper introduces Brillouin Expanded Time-Domain Analysis(BETDA)as a modified BOTDA system,simultaneously achieving high spatial resolution and low detection *** two optical frequency combs(OFCs)with different frequency intervals as pump and probe,local Brillouin gain spectra are recorded by their spectral beating traces in an expanded time domain.A 2-cm-long hotspot located in a 230m single-mode fiber is successfully measured in the time domain with a detection bandwidth of less than 100 kHz using dual OFCs with tailored spectral phase,line spacing,and bandwidth.

关键词： pump optical fiber

mechanical and natural ventilation systems in a greenhouse designed using computational fluid dynamics

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2014年第1期7卷 1-16页

作者： Jorge Flores-Velazquez Juan I.montero Esteban J.Baeza Juan C.lopez mexican Institute of Water Technology.Paseo Cuauhnáhuac 8532 Col.ProgresoC.P.62550JiutepecMor.Mexico Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries 08348Cabrils(Barcelona)Spain IFAPA Centro La mojonera(Junta de Andalucía) Camino San Nicolás 104745 La MojoneraAlmeríaSpain Fundación Cajamar.Estación Experimental“Las Palmerillas”Autovía del mediterráneo Km 416 704710El EjidoAlmeríaSpain

The aim of this study was to analyse air exchange and temperature distribution in a greenhouse with combined mechanical and natural ventilation and to design more efficient mechanical ventilation *** this purpose,a computational fluid dynamics(CFD)model of the greenhouse was *** configurations were considered:Configuration 1(mechanical ventilation and closed roof ventilators),Configurations 2 and 3(mechanical ventilation and roof ventilators open 30%and 100%,respectively).After validation,the CFD model was used to improve the design of the greenhouse mechanical ventilation system in each of the three configurations *** greenhouse lengths,28 m,50 m,75 m and 100 m,were used in the *** to fan ventilation only,roof ventilation improved the climate of fan-ventilated greenhouses in terms of the air exchange rate(22%)and climate uniformity because the internal air was mixed better than with mechanical ventilation *** the greenhouse length increased,more advantages were achieved with natural ventilation compared to mechanical *** most configurations,there was a strong linear correlation between temperature gradient and greenhouse *** greenhouse whose regression line had the steepest slope was the one with closed roof *** the fan capacity produced a general reduction in temperature,but the effect was less intense for the greenhouses with open roof *** to box inlet ventilators,an enlarged continuous inlet in the wall opposite the fans increased overall system performance because it eliminated backflow recirculation zones,which are prone to produce high temperatures.

关键词： greenhouse cooling fan ventilation roof ventilators combined ventilation

macular microvascular and structural changes on optical coherence tomography angiography in atypical optic neuritis

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World Journal of methodology 2025年第1期15卷 88-94页

作者： Chinmay mahatme madhurima Kaushik Veerappan Rathinasabapathy Saravanan Karthik Kumar Virna m Shah Department of General Ophthalmology Aravind Eye HospitalCoimbatore 641014Tamil NāduIndia Department of Neuro-ophthalmology Aravind Eye HospitalCoimbatore 641014Tamil NāduIndia Department of Vitreoretina Aravind Eye HospitalCoimbatore 641014Tamil NāduIndia

BACKGROUND Atypical optic neuritis,consisting of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders(NmOSD)or myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disease(mOGAD),has a very similar presentation but different prognostic implications and longterm management *** and metabolic factors are being thought to play a role in such autoimmune neuro-inflammatory disorders,apart from the obvious immune mediated *** the advent of optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA),it is easy to pick up on these subclinical macular microvascular and structural *** To study the macular microvascular and structural changes on OCTA in atypical optic *** This observational cross-sectional study involved 8 NmOSD and 17 mOGAD patients,diagnosed serologically,as well as 10 healthy *** vascular density(mVD)and ganglion cell+inner plexiform layer thickness(GCIPL)were studied using *** There was a significant reduction in mVD in NmOSD and mOGAD affected as well as unaffected eyes when compared with healthy *** and mOGAD affected eyes had significant GCIPL thinning compared with healthy *** unaffected eyes did not show significant GCIPL thinning compared to healthy controls in contrast to mOGAD unaffected *** comparing NmOSD with mOGAD,there was no significant difference in terms of mVD or GCIPL in the affected or unaffected *** Although significant microvascular and structural changes are present on OCTA between atypical optic neuritis and normal patients,they could not help in differentiating between NmOSD and mOGAD cases.

关键词： Optical coherence tomography angiography Atypical optic neuritis macular microvascular changes Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disorder

Getting physical with medical education:Exercise based virtual anatomy review classes for medical students

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World Journal of methodology 2025年第1期15卷 20-25页

作者： Nadeesha R Samarasinghe Taniya S Nagpal michele L Barbeau Charys m martin Division of General Surgery Faculty of MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouver V6T 1Z3BCCanada Faculty of Kinesiology Sport and RecreationUniversity of AlbertaEdmonton T6G 2R3ABCanada Anatomy and Cell Biology University of Western OntarioLondon N6A 3K7ONCanada Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology Schulich School of Medicine and DentistryThe University of Western OntarioLondon N6A 3K7ONCanada

The benefits of regular physical activity are well ***,few studies have examined the effectiveness of integrating physical activity(PA)into curricula within a post-secondary *** investigate the incorporation of PA into medical curriculum,we developed a series of optional exercise-based review sessions designed to reinforce musculoskeletal(mSK)anatomy course *** synchronous sessions were co-taught by a group fitness instructor and an anatomy *** fitness instructor would lead students through both strength and yoga style exercises,while the anatomy instructor asked questions about relevant anatomical structures related to course material previously *** the sessions,participants were asked to evaluate the classes on their self-reported exam preparedness in improving mSK anatomy knowledge,PA levels,and mental *** participants completed surveys;a majority agreed that the classes increased understanding of mSK concepts(90.0%)and activity levels(97.7%).many(70.0%)felt that the classes helped reduce *** majority of respondents(90.0%)agreed that the classes contributed to increased feelings of social ***,medical students saw benefit in PA based interventions to supplement mSK course *** with increasing activity levels and promoting health behaviours,integrating PA into medical curriculum may improve comprehension of learning material,alleviate stress and foster social connectivity among medical students.

关键词： medical education musculoskeletal Anatomy Exercise Online learning

Olfactory response of Anastrepha striata （Diptera： Tephritidae） to guava and sweet orange volatiles

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Insect Science 2016年第5期23卷 720-727页

作者： Edvin Diaz-Santiz, Julio C. Rojas Leopoldo Cruz-lopez Emilio Hernandez Edi A. malo Grupo de Ecologia de Artr6podos y manejo de plagas El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR) Carretera Antiguo Aeropuerto km 2.5 Tapachula Chiapas CP 30700 programa moscafrut SAGARPA-IICA Subdirecci6n de Desarrollo de M6todos Camino a los Cacahotales SIN Metapa de Dominguez Chiapas CP 30860 Mexico

The behavioral responses of virgin and mated female Anastrepha striata Schiner （Diptera： Tephritidae） to guava （Psidium guajava L.） or sweet orange （Citrus sinensis L.） were evaluated separately using multilure traps in two-choice tests in field cages. The results showed that flies were more attracted to guava and sweet orange volatiles than to control （unbaited trap）. The physiological state （virgin or mated） of females did not affect their attraction to the fruit volatiles. Combined analysis of gas chromatography coupled with electroantennography （GC-EAD） of volatile extracts of both fruits showed that 1 and 6 compounds from orange and guava, respectively elicited repeatable antennal responses from mated females. The EAD active compounds in guava volatile extracts were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-mS） as ethyl butyrate, （Z）-3-hexenol, hexanol, ethyl hexanoate, hexyl acetate, and ethyl octanoate. Linalool was identified as the only antennal active compound in sweet orange extracts. In field cage tests, there were no significant differences between the number of mated flies captured by the traps baited with guava extracts and the number caught by traps baited with the 6-component blend that was formulated according to the relative proportions in the guava extracts. Similar results occurred when synthetic linalool was evaluated against orange extracts. From a practical point of view, the compounds identified in this study could be used for monitoring A. striata populations.

关键词： Anastrepha striata attraction GC-EAD GC-mS guava and sweet orangevolatiles multilure traps

Helmholtz Decomposition of Vector Fields Using an Optimal Preconditioned Conjugate Gradient Algorithm

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Journal of Applied mathematics and Physics 2023年第5期11卷 1337-1348页

作者： Jorge lopez UJAT Tabasco México

In this article, we study numerically a Helmholtz decomposition methodology, based on a formulation of the mathematical model as a saddle-point problem. We use a preconditioned conjugate gradient algorithm, applied to an associated operator equation of elliptic type, to solve the problem. To solve the elliptic partial differential equations, we use a second order mixed finite element approximation for discretization. We show, using 2-D synthetic vector fields, that this approach, yields very accurate solutions at a low computational cost compared to traditional methods with the same order of approximation.

关键词： Helmholtz Decomposition Self-Adjoint Operator Optimal Preconditioning Finite Element

Percutaneous drainage as a first therapeutic step prior to surgery in liver hydatid cyst abscess:Is it worth it?

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World Journal of Hepatology 2017年第2期9卷 114-118页

作者： Aylhin J lopez-marcano Jose m Ramia Vladimir Arteaga Roberto De la Plaza Jhonny D Gonzales Anibal medina Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgical Unit Department of SurgeryHospital Universitario de Guadalajara19002 GuadalajaraSpain

AImTo delay surgery until the patient is in a better condition, and thus to decrease postoperative morbidity. mETHODSUsing this algorithm we treated three patients aged 55, 75 and 80 years. In all three patients the clinical presentation was fever without a clear source of infection; all had nonspecific symptoms such as general malaise, dyspnea, and abdominal discomfort in the previous 15 d. They came to the emergency room at our hospital due to deterioration of their general condition. Analytical tests showed leukocytosis, neutrophilia and increased polymerase chain reaction. In all cases an abdominal computed tomography (CT) was performed and liver hydatid abscess (LHA) was detected. The mean size of the LHA was 12 cm. RESULTSAll patients underwent CT-guided percutaneous drainage. The purulent material obtained was cultured, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus viridans and Streptococcus salivarius were identified. Antibiotic treatment was given adapted to antibiotic sensitivity testing. Surgery was performed two weeks after admission, once the patient’s condition had improved. All three patients underwent an almost total cystectomy, cholecystectomy and omentoplasty in the residual cavity. Complications were: Clavien I (atelectasis and pleural effusion) and Clavien II (transfusion). The average length of stay (pre and postoperative) was 23 d. At the follow-up, no relapses were recorded. CONCLUSIONLHA management is not standardized. Emergency surgery offers suboptimal results. Percutaneous drainage plus antibiotics allows improving patient’s general condition. This enables treating patients in greater safety and also reduces complications.

关键词： Hydatidosis Review Surgery Abscess Liver