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The financial crisis undoubtedly exerted a pressure on the companies operating in Poland. Thus, it is important to undertake researches that reveal the paths and strength of the transmission of financial crisis with regard to the business entities. This paper presents partial results of the researches dedicated to the analysis of the impact of financial crisis on the financial situation of companies operating in Silesian Region in Poland. It analyses and discusses the general changes in the financial ratios that inform about the company＇s financial liquidity and the level of liquidity risk. As a research paper, it aims at justifying hypotheses about the changes of liquidity and liquidity risk in companies operating in Poland, Silesian Region within the period of 2006-2009. The tested hypotheses generally indicate the decrease of liquidity in the aftermath of crisis and a worse situation in the Silesian Region, as compared to the national level. The study is based on an application of a part of authors＇ self-developed method--the CFS Watch （Corporate Financial Situation Watch）, which consists of five analytical modules. In this study, one module is applied： the FLA Module （Financial Liquidity Analysis） with regard to financial liquidity and the level of liquidity risk. The research is based on the data collected by the Polish Central Statistical Office. The analysis of FLA Module is based on two samples of companies： companies operating in the Silesian Region （denoted as the MEPP sample）, and companies operating in Poland （denoted as the MAPP sample）. This allows developing a comparative analysis between regional and national dimension. The results of the study represent an interesting starting point for further comparative researches based on the analysis of the changes in the level of liquidity and liquidity risk of companies operating in different countries. It may form a base for finding similarities or differences in their financial situation in the aftermath of

关键词： liquidity analysis liquidity risk liquidity ratios working capital financial crisis Polish companies

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Dried fruit pomace inclusion in poultry diet:growth performance, intestinal morphology and physiology

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2020年第4期11卷 1100-1116页

作者： Elena Colombino Ilario Ferrocino Ilaria Biasato Luca Simone Cocolin Daniel Prieto-Botella Zenon Zduńczyk Jan Jankowski Joanna Milala Monika.kosmala Bartosz Fotschki Maria Teresa Capucchio Jerzy Juśkiewicz Department of Veterinary Sciences University of TorinoLargo Paolo Braccini 2Grugliasco10095 TurinItaly Department of Agricultural Forest and Food SciencesUniversity of TorinoTorinoItaly Research Team on Occupational Therapy(InTeO) Department of Surgery and PathologyUniversity Miguel Hernandez of ElcheAlicanteSpain Polish Academy of Sciences Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food ResearchOlsztynPoland Department of Poultry Science University of Warmia and MazuryOlsztynPoland Institute of Chemical Technology of Food Lodz University of TechnologyLodzPoland.

Background: Fruit pomaces are by-products rich in polyphenol compounds and dietary fiber. They seem to play an important role in regulating the gut microbiota, morphology and physiology. The aim of this study was to assess whether apple(A), blackurrant(B) or strawberry(S) pomaces could be suitable ingredients in broiler diets and their effect on gut health. A total of 480 male broilers were randomly allotted to 8 dietary treatments with lower(3%-L) or higher(6%-H) dietary fiber content: two control groups(CL/CH), two A diets(AL/AH), two B diets(BL/BH), two S diets(SL/SH). Diet and fruit pomaces were chemically analyzed to assess polyphenol concentration and fibre fraction content. After the evaluation of growth performance, 6 birds/group were slaughtered at 35 days of age. Morphometric and histopathological investigations were performed on duodenum, jejunum and *** were collected to perform microbiota evaluation by 16 S DNA sequencing. Weight, viscosity, enzymatic activity, short chain fatty acid(SCFAs) and ammonia concentration were determined in ileum and/or ceca ***: A pomace and A diets showed the lowest polyphenol content and the highest content of soluble fibre fraction. No significant differences were observed for growth performance, gut morphometry and histopathology(P > 0.05). Dietary fruit pomace inclusion increased the weight of ileum and ceca and the ileum digesta viscosity(P 0.05). At genus level, an increase

关键词： Fruit Pomace Gut health Morphohistology Polyphenols Poultry

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苹果树密度试验的长期效应

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烟台果树 1983年第4期 29-33+27页

作者： A.Mika D.Chlebowska J.kosmala 汪景彦中国果树所

在一些密植试验中,比较了接于半矮砧和乔砧上的一些苹果品种的生长和产量。密植处理每公顷株数变化在400～1,600株之间。窄行距(3～4米)树整成篱壁式,宽行距(5～7米)树整成圆灌木形。栽后6～8年中,密植的矮化效果是显而易见的。密植减... 详细信息

在一些密植试验中,比较了接于半矮砧和乔砧上的一些苹果品种的生长和产量。密植处理每公顷株数变化在400～1,600株之间。窄行距(3～4米)树整成篱壁式,宽行距(5～7米)树整成圆灌木形。栽后6～8年中,密植的矮化效果是显而易见的。密植减少了延长生长、干横截面积、冬剪重量、花芽数和单株产量。当每公顷株数加倍时,其干横截面和冬剪重量要减少20～30%。株产随密度增加而下降。当每公顷株数增加四倍时,最高株产减到1/5。在每公顷株数超过900株时,半矮砧苹果树于栽后6～8年里产量最高,然后下跌。由于适当的修剪,以后各年的苹果株产总维持在20～30公斤。每公顷800株处理,栽后8～10年获得高产,当它充分占据其空间后,产量是稳定的。株产最高在45公斤上下。而每公顷600和400株的密度,于栽后14年产量最高,株产达70～90公斤。乔砧上的乔化品种,甚至在最大的栽植密度下(400株/公顷),栽后8～10年也能获得高产。由于高密,获得了每公顷果园的早期高产。后来,很密的栽植在产量和果实品质上就出现了不良效果。以每公顷栽植600～800株长势弱的品种效果最好。在14年内,密植的矮化效果有利于果园的生产和管理。

关键词：苹果树产量半矮化栽植密度种植密度矮砧苹果乔砧苹果品种栽植距离密度试验

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