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Contribution of high risk groups’unmet needs may be underestimated in epidemic models without risk turnover:A mechanistic modelling analysis

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2020年第1期5卷 549-562页

作者： Jesse knight Stefan D.Baral Sheree Schwartz Linwei Wang Huiting Ma Katherine Young Harry Hausler Sharmistha Mishra MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions Unity Health TorontoCanada Deptartment of Epidemiology Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthUSA TB HIV Care South Africa Division of Infectious Disease Department of MedicineUniversity of TorontoCanada Institute of Health Policy Management and EvaluationDalla Lana School of Public HealthUniversity of TorontoCanada Institute of Medical Sciences University of TorontoCanada

Background:Epidemic models of sexually transmitted infections(STIs)are often used to characterize the contribution of risk groups to overall transmission by projecting the transmission population attributable fraction(tPAF)of unmet prevention and treatment needs within risk ***,evidence suggests that STI risk is dynamic over an individual’s sexual life course,which manifests as turnover between risk *** sought to examine the mechanisms by which turnover influences modelled projections of the tPAF of high risk ***:We developed a unifying,data-guided framework to simulate risk group turnover in deterministic,compartmental transmission *** applied the framework to an illustrative model of an STI and examined the mechanisms by which risk group turnover influenced equilibrium prevalence across risk *** then fit a model with and without turnover to the same risk-stratified STI prevalence targets and compared the inferred level of risk heterogeneity and tPAF of the highest risk group projected by the two ***:The influence of turnover on group-specific prevalence was mediated by three main phenomena:movement of previously high risk individuals with the infection into lower risk groups;changes to herd effect in the highest risk group;and changes in the number of partnerships where transmission can *** turnover led to a smaller ratio of STI prevalence between the highest and lowest risk *** to the fitted model without turnover,the fitted model with turnover inferred greater risk heterogeneity and consistently projected a larger tPAF of the highest risk group over ***:If turnover is not captured in epidemic models,the projected contribution of high risk groups,and thus,the potential impact of prioritizing interventions to address their needs,could be *** aid the next generation of tPAF models,data collection efforts to parameterize risk group turnover should be prioritized.

关键词： Mathematical modelling Transmission Risk heterogeneity Turnover Sexually transmitted infection Population attributable fraction

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在过去40年里出现的新趋势——北美持续旱段(英文)

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地球科学进展 2007年第11期22卷 1191-1207页

作者： Pavel Ya. Groisman Richard W. knight 美国国家气候数据中心美国北卡罗莱纳州艾西维尔市 28801 STG Inc．美国北卡罗莱纳州艾西维尔市 28801

在普遍增温的背景下，强降水过程中降水量不平衡增长（扩大植物生长期，加剧蒸腾作用）及降水总量的微弱改变将增加具有潜在威胁的极端气候事件——持续干期出现的频率。本文研究了过去几十年里，强降水过程出现频率发生改变的同一时期... 详细信息

在普遍增温的背景下，强降水过程中降水量不平衡增长（扩大植物生长期，加剧蒸腾作用）及降水总量的微弱改变将增加具有潜在威胁的极端气候事件——持续干期出现的频率。本文研究了过去几十年里，强降水过程出现频率发生改变的同一时期，这种趋势是否在北美北纬50。以南地区已经出现。同时，对日平均温度大于5℃，大量水分用于蒸腾的暖季及其给地面生态系统健康和农业带来巨大威胁的无降水期中，没有适量降水（〉1．0mm）的漫长干旱段进行了评价。在过去的四十年里，干旱段的平均持续时间显著延长，加拿大东南部持续20天以上，美国东部及沿墨西哥湾地区一个月以上，美国西南部及墨西哥北部2个月以上。因此，美国东部为期一个月的干旱段的重现期减少了一大半，从15年缩减到6～7年。在相对湿季里，大部分北纬55o南部的大陆上旱段的平均持续时间正在延长。但是，这一趋势并没有在美国的西北部及与加拿大接壤的南部地区发现。

关键词：北美气候变化干旱持续干期

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宿主微生物组内的基因组突变——适应性进化或纯化选择（英文）

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Engineering 2023年第1期 96-102页

作者：张家超 Rob knight School of Food Science and Engineering Hainan University Department of Pediatrics University of California San Diego Center for Microbiome Innovation Jacobs School of Engineering University of California San Diego Department of Bioengineering University of California San Diego Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of California San Diego

下一代测序技术改变了我们评估宿主相关微生物群和微生物组的分类组成功能的能力。更多的人类微生物组研究项目，特别是那些探索微生物组内基因组突变的项目，将在未来十年内启动。本综述侧重于微生物组内微生物的共同进化，这塑造了宿...

下一代测序技术改变了我们评估宿主相关微生物群和微生物组的分类组成功能的能力。更多的人类微生物组研究项目，特别是那些探索微生物组内基因组突变的项目，将在未来十年内启动。本综述侧重于微生物组内微生物的共同进化，这塑造了宿主物种内部和之间的菌株水平多样性。我们还探讨了微生物基因组突变与常见代谢疾病之间的相关性，以及病原体和益生菌在入侵和定植过程中的适应性进化。最后，我们讨论了注释和分析微生物基因组突变的方法和算法的进展。

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两款顶级个人GPS——Mio DigiWalker C720和EIROUTE66 Chicago 8800

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微型计算机 2007年第11S期27卷 39-40页

作者：丰台顽石 knight 马彤（PHOTO）

顶级个人GPS与主流个人GPS有何本质的区别？难道仅仅是高高在上的价格吗？极尽各种方式实现更加便捷的导航才是顶级个人GPS最显著的特征，在这一点上，Mio DigiWallker C7206和ROUTE 66 CHICAGO 8000便是最具说服力的典范。

关键词： Chicago GPS Mio CHICAGO ROUTE 说服力

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Fas Receptor Modulates Lineage Commitment and Stemness of Mouse Neural Stem Cells

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Neuroscience & Medicine 2011年第2期2卷 132-141页

作者： Julia.knight Charles Hackett John Solty Yang Mao-Draayer 不详

Although transplanted neural stem/progenitor cells (NPCs) can ameliorate disease course in animal models of central nervous system inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases, little is known about the regulation of NPC differentiation and proliferation. The Fas receptor, a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily, has recently been shown to be important in NPC survival and immunoregulatory functions. We were interested in further investigating this system utilizing NPCs isolated from Fas-deficient (lpr) mutant mice. We found that lpr NPCs have increased survival and decreased proliferation. Additionally, RT-qPCR, confocal microscopy, and flow cytometry surface staining reveal that lpr NPCs have a significantly more robust differentiation to neuronal and oligoprogenitor cell lineages as compared to wild-type (wt) NPCs. These effects correlated with an upregulation of three of the major fate specification modulators in lpr NPCs: sonic hedgehog (Shh), slit homolog 2 (Slit2), and noggin. These data indicate Fas plays an important role in determining the stemness and differentiation fate of NPCs. Additionally, our research reveals a novel connection between Fas and major modulators of NPC differentiation – Shh, Noggin, and Slit2. This is the first indication of a possible link between Fas and these particular signaling molecules that control neuronal fate specification. Therefore, our results suggest Fas is a novel target for controlling the development of neurons versus mature oligodendrocytes.

关键词： Fas neural stem/progenitor cell differentiation

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Organic Trace Minerals Bioavailability and Functional Effects in Animals

Organic Trace Minerals Bioavailability and Functional Effect...

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第二届全国家禽营养与饲料科技研讨会

作者： J.D.Richards C.D.knight Novus International Inc.20 Research Park Dr.St.Charles Novus International Inc.20 Research Park Dr.St.Charles

＜正＞Introduction Trace minerals such as zinc,copper,manganese and selenium are essential in all animals for a wide variety of physiological *** hundred enzymes require the presence of one or more of these minerals f...

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Canadian Agility and Movement Skill Assessment(CAMSA):Validity, objectivity, and reliability evidence for children 8–12 years of age

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2017年第2期6卷 231-240页

作者： Patricia E.Longmuir Charles Boyer Meghann Lloyd Michael M.Borghese Emily knight Travis J.Saunders Elena Boiarskaia Weimo Zhu Mark S.Tremblay Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute Ottawa Ontario K1H 8L1 Canada Department of Pediatrics Faculty of Medicine and School of Human Kinetics University of Ottawa Ottawa K1H 8M5 Canada Faculty of Health Sciences University of Ontario Institute of Technology Oshawa L1H 7K4 Canada School of Kinesiology and Health Studies Queen 's University Kingston Ontario K7L 3N6 Canada Department of Applied Human Sciences University of Prince Edward Island Charlottetown Prince Edward Island C1A 4P3 Canada Department of Kinesiology and Community Health University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA

Purpose: The primary aim of this study was to develop an assessment of the fundamental, combined, and complex movement skills required to support childhood physical literacy. The secondary aim was to establish the feasibility, objectivity, and reliability evidence for the ***: An expert advisory group recommended a course format for the assessment that would require children to complete a series of dynamic movement skills. Criterion-referenced skill performance and completion time were the recommended forms of evaluation. Children, 8–12 years of age, self-reported their age and gender and then completed the study assessments while attending local schools or day camps. Face validity was previously established through a Delphi expert(n = 19, 21% female) review process. Convergent validity was evaluated by age and gender associations with assessment performance. Inter-and intra-rater(n = 53, 34% female) objectivity and test–retest(n = 60, 47% female) reliability were assessed through repeated test ***: Median total score was 21 of 28 points(range 5–28). Median completion time was 17 s. Total scores were feasible for all 995 children who self-reported age and gender. Total score did not differ between inside and outside environments(95% confidence interval(CI) of difference:-0.7 to 0.6;p = 0.91) or with/without footwear(95%CI of difference:-2.5 to 1.9; p = 0.77). Older age(p < 0.001, η2= 0.15) and male gender(p < 0.001, η2= 0.02)were associated with a higher total score. Inter-rater objectivity evidence was excellent(intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC) = 0.99) for completion time and substantial for skill score(ICC = 0.69) for 104 attempts by 53 children(34% female). Intra-rater objectivity was moderate(ICC = 0.52) for skill score and excellent for completion time(ICC = 0.99). Reliability was excellent for completion time over a short(2–4 days; ICC = 0.84) or long(8–14days; ICC = 0.82) interval. Skill score reliability was moderate(

关键词： Agility course Children Dynamic motor skill Locomotor skill Object manipulation Population assessment

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Decreased expression of Klotho in cardiac atria biopsy samples from patients at higher risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2016年第8期13卷 701-711页

作者： Giovanni Corsetti Evasio Pasini Tiziano M Scarabelli Claudia Romano Pratik R Agrawal Carol Chen-Scarabelli Richard knight Louis Saravolatz Jagat Narula Mario Ferrari-Vivaldi Vincenzo Flati Deodato Assanelli Francesco S Dioguardi Department of Clinical & Experimental Sciences Division of Human Anatomy & Physiopathology University of Brescia Brescia Italy 'S.Maugeri Foundation ' IRCCS Cardiology Division Medical Centre of Lumezzane Brescia Italy Zena and Michael A Wiener Cardiovascular Institute Mount Sinai Medical Center New York USA Center for Heart and Vessel Preclinical Studies St. John Hospital & Medical Center Wayne State University School of Medicine Detroit USA VA Ann Arbor Health Care System University of Michigan Ann Arbor USA Department of Cardiovascular Surgery 'San Rocco' Hospital Ome Brescia Italy Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences University of L 'Aquila L 'Aquila Italy Division of Sport-Internal Medicine Department of Clinical & Experimental Sciences University of Brescia Brescia Italy Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health University of Milan Milan Italy

Background Klotho proteins （α- and β） are membrane-based circulating proteins that regulate cell metabolism, as well as the lifespan modulating activity of Fibroblast Growth Factors （FGFs）. Recent data has shown that higher plasma circulating Klotho levels reduce cardio- vascular risk, suggesting Klotho has a protective role in cardiovascular diseases. However, although so far it has been identified in various organs, it is unknown whether cardiomyocytes express Klotho and FGFs, and whether high cardiovascular risk could affect cardiac expres- sion ofKlotho, FGFs and other molecules. Methods We selected 20 patients with an estimated 10-year high atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and 10 age-matched control subjects with an estimated 10-year low risk undergone cardiac surgery for reasons other than coronary artery by-pass. In myocardial biopsies, we evaluated by immuno-histochemistry whether Klotho and FGFs were expressed in cardiomyo- cytes, and whether higher cardiovascular risk influenced the expression of other molecules involved in endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxida- tive stress, inflammation and fibrosis. Results Only cardiomyocytes of patients with a higher cardiovascular risk showed lower expression of Klotho, but higher expressions of FGFs. Furthermore, higher cardiovascular risk was associated with increased expression of oxidative and endoplasmic reticular stress, inflammation and fibrosis. Conclusions This study showed for the first time that Klotho proteins are ex- pressed in human cardiomyocytes and that cardiac expression of Klotho is down-regulated in higher cardiovascular risk patients, while expression of stress-related molecules were significantly increased.

关键词： Atherosclerotic disease Cardiomyocytes Cardiovascular risk Human heart Klotho

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Petroleum geoscience in Norden - exploration, production and organization

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Episodes 2008年第1期31卷 115-124页

作者： Anthony M. Spencer Per Ivar Briskeby Lone Dyrmose Christensen Rune Foyn Marie KjФlleberg Erling Kvadsheim Ian knight Morten Rye-Larsen John Williams StatoilHydro Forushagen 4035 Stavanger Norway. StatoilHydro 0240 Oslo Norway. StatoilHydro 9481 Harstad Norway. ConocoPhillips P.O. Box 220 4098 Tananger Norway. Norwegian Petroleum Directorate P.O. Box 600 4003 Stavanger Norway. StatoilHydro PO Box 7200 5020 Bergen Norway.

Offshore exploration in Norway and Denmark-in the North Sea, the Norwegian Sea and the Barents Sea-has involved drilling about 850 wildcat wells, resulting in about 300 oil and gas finds, of which 84 are fields with production. The recoverable resources of all these finds total about 65 billion barrels of oil equivalent. Almost all these hydrocarbons come from a Jurassic source and the main reservoirs and traps are Jurassic sandstones in fault blocks and Paleocene sandstones or Cretaceous chalks in gentle domes. The article describes four major fields-Ekofisk, Gullfaks, Ormen Lange and SnФhvitto illustrate some of the many challenges in developing and producing the hydrocarbons. Elsewhere in Norden, there has been much less exploration. Drilling results have mostly been negative in mainland Sweden, onshore Denmark, onshore Svalbard and on- and offshore West Greenland. Minor oil finds have been made in Palaeozoic rocks in the Baltic Sea. The first wells have recently been drilled off the Faroe Islands, resulting in one discovery. No drilling has taken place on- or offshore East Greenland. As a result of the hydrocarbon activities in Norway and Denmark, petroleum geoscience there has flourished, with 2000 geoscientists currently employed in the industry, many technical innovations made, a wealth of publically available information and a great increase in the understanding of the geology.

关键词：石油勘探地球科学资源开发地质特征

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A Systematic Review of the Environmental Impacts of GM Crop Cultivation as Reported from 2006 to 2011

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2013年第6期4卷 28-44页

作者： Oliver Knox Clare Hall Alistair McVittie Robin Walker Bruce knight Innovation Management Cambridgeshire UK Scotland’s Rural College Aberdeen UK Scotland’s Rural College Edinburgh UK

The current generation of genetically modified crops have shown potential to enhance agricultural productivity and alter farm production economics, but there remains global divergence in adoption of the technology due in part to uncertainty in the underlying science. In an attempt to address this, a systematic review was undertaken, which asked the question “What are the environmental impacts of the global cultivation of GM crops?” A database search statement generated over 19000 hits, which distilled down to 28 articles from which data was recovered to generate a set of R values, where R was the ratio of the GM divided by the conventional field data. Meta-analysis of this data indicated that under GM R had significantly increased from a background level of 1 to a mean value of 1.31. This increase in R, although positive, is not indicative of an environmental benefit due to the difficulty in assigning either benefits or disadvantages to the many indicators that were encompassed within the review. Subsequent regression analysis indicated that there was no standard model to explain the observed variation in R values. However, in models for both cotton and maize, variables relating to the design of the study had a significant effect, but these variables were not related to trait or gene insertion and were generally either year, country or change in cultivation practice in origin. Narrative analysis of the authors published interpretations indicated GM had no adverse effects in 85% of papers, 10% reported a beneficial effect and only 5% a deleterious impact. The conclusion of this study is that GM adoption has had an impact on its environment, but that the underlying cause of this impact is not due to the genetic modification and the effect on the environment is generally seen as not being adverse.

关键词： GM Systematic Review Meta-Analysis Environmental Indicators

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