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Three-dimensional visualization of planta clathrin-coated vesicles at ultrastructural resolution

Molecular Plant 2022年第10期15卷 1533-1542页

作者： Alexander Johnson Walter a.kaufmann Christoph Sommer Tommaso Costanzo Dana A.Dahhan Sebastian Y.Bednarek Jiri Friml Institute of Science and Technology Austria(ISTA) 3400KlosterneuburgAustria UW-Madison Department of Biochemistry433 Babcock Dr.MadisonWI 53706USA

Biological systems are the sum of their dynamic three-dimensional(3D)***,it is critical to study biological structures in 3D and at high resolution to gain insights into their physiological *** microscopy of metal replicas of unroofed cells and isolated organelles has been a key technique to visualize intracellular structures at nanometer ***,many of these methods require specialized equipment and personnel to complete ***,we present novel accessible methods to analyze biological structures in unroofed cells and biochemically isolated organelles in 3D and at nanometer resolution,focusing on Arabidopsis clathrin-coated vesicles(CCVs).While CCVs are essential trafficking organelles,their detailed structural information is lacking due to their poor preservation when observed via classical electron microscopy protocols ***,we establish a method to visualize CCVs in unroofed cells using scanning transmission electron microscopy tomography,providing sufficient resolution to define the clathrin coat ***,the samples are prepared directly on electron microscopy grids,removing the requirement to use extremely corrosive acids,thereby enabling the use of this method in any electron microscopy ***,we demonstrate that this standardized sample preparation allows the direct comparison of isolated CCV samples with those visualized in ***,to facilitate the high-throughput and robust screening of metal replicated samples,we provide a deep learning analysis method to screen the“pseudo 3D”morphologies of CCVs imaged with 2D ***,our work establishes accessible ways to examine the 3D structure of biological samples and provide novel insights into the structure of plant CCVs.

关键词： Arabidopsis thaliana clathrin-coated vesicles STEM tomography electron microscopy clathrin-mediated endocytosis

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Characterization of an endogenous RIG-I Ligand

Characterization of an endogenous RIG-I Ligand

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第九届全国免疫学学术大会

作者： S.Jung T.von Thlen a.kaufmann S.Bauer Institute of Immunology Hans Meerwein Straβe 2 D-35039 Marburg Germany

The cytoplasmatic RNA-sensor RIG-I detects 5’triphosphorylated RNA but also cellular self-RNA fragments,that are generated by RNase L digestion,act as a potent ligand for this *** this project,we aimed at identifying specific RNA structures as endogenous ligands for *** mechanically fragmented self-RNA did not stimulate immune responses,we suspect that immunostimulation is not triggered by a certain size but by a distinct structure which is yielded by enzymatic RNase *** the following,

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Automatic object annotation in streamed and remotely explored large 3D reconstructions

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Computational Visual Media 2021年第1期7卷 71-86页

作者： Benjamin Holler Annette Mossel Hannes kaufmann Institute of Visual Computing and Human-Centered Technology Vienna University of TechnologyFavoritenstraβe 9-11/193/06A-1040 ViennaAustria

We introduce a novel framework for 3 D scene reconstruction with simultaneous object annotation,using a pre-trained 2 D convolutional neural network(CNN),incremental data streaming,and remote exploration,with a virtual reality *** enables versatile integration of any 2 D box detection or segmentation *** integrate new approaches to(i)asynchronously perform dense 3 D-reconstruction and object annotation at interactive frame rates,(ii)efficiently optimize CNN results in terms of object prediction and spatial accuracy,and(iii)generate computationally-efficient colliders in large triangulated3 D-reconstructions at run-time for 3 D scene *** method is novel in combining CNNs with long and varying inference time with live 3 D-reconstruction from RGB-D camera *** further propose a lightweight data structure to store the 3 D-reconstruction data and object annotations to enable fast incremental data transmission for real-time exploration with a remote client,which has not been presented *** framework achieves update rates of 22 fps(SSD Mobile Net)and 19 fps(Mask RCNN)for indoor environments up to 800 m^(3).We evaluated the accuracy of 3 D-object *** work provides a versatile foundation for semantic scene understanding of large streamed3 D-reconstructions,while being independent from the CNN’s processing *** code is available for non-commercial use.

关键词： dense 3D reconstruction object detection CNN distributed virtual reality

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Modeling Spatio-temporal Drought Events Based on Multi-temporal,Multi-source Remote Sensing Data Calibrated by Soil Humidity

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Chinese Geographical Science 2022年第1期32卷 127-141页

作者： LI Hanyu kaufmann Hermann XU Guochang Institute of Space Science and Applied Technology Harbin Institute of Technology(Shenzhen)Shenzhen 518000China Remote Sensing Section German Research Centre for Geosciences(GFZ)Potsdam 14473Germany

Inspired by recent significant agricultural yield losses in the eastern China and a missing operational monitoring system,we developed a comprehensive drought monitoring model to better understand the impact of individual key factors contributing to this *** resulting model,the‘Humidity calibrated Drought Condition Index’(HcDCI)was applied for the years 2001 to 2019 in form of a case study to Weihai County,Shandong Province in East *** and development are based on a linear combination of the Vegetation Condition Index(VCI),the Temperature Condition Index(TCI),and the Rainfall Condition Index(RCI)using multi-source satellite data to create a basic Drought Condition Index(DCI).VCI and TCI were derived from MODIS(Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer)data,while precipitation is taken from CHIRPS(Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station data)*** reasons of accuracy,the decisive coefficients were determined by the relative humidity of soils at depth of 10-20 cm of particular areas collected by an agrometeorological ground *** correlation between DCI and soil humidity was optimized with the factors of 0.53,0.33,and 0.14 for VCI,TCI,and RCI,*** model revealed,light agricultural droughts from 2003 to 2013 and in 2018,while more severe droughts occurred in 2001 and 2002,2014-2017,and *** droughts were most severe in January,March,and December,and our findings coincide with historical *** average temperature during 2012-2019 is 1℃ higher than that during the period 2001-2011 and the average precipitation during 2014-2019 is 192.77 mm less than that during *** spatio-temporal accuracy of the HcDCI model was positively validated by correlation with agricultural crop yield *** model thus,demonstrates its capability to reveal drought periods in detail,its transferability to other regions and its usefulness to take future measures.

关键词： comprehensive drought model condition indices multi-source satellite data agricultural drought soil humidity

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APPLICATION OF OPTIMIZATION TO AIRCRAFT LANDING IN WIND SHEAR

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航空学报 1993年第8期 356-364页

作者： Bernd kaufmann Technical University of Brauntschweig Federal Republie of Germain

Aircraft landing in wind shear is dangerous. Many accidents have happened and a lot of research work has been done in this area. Whether an aircraft has enough capability to land in wind shear safely or not is not very clear vet. Using the real worst-case wind shear model and the optimization technique, the optima! open loop controls ol two civil aircraft landing in wind shear are found and it can easily be seen thai, generally speaking, an aircraft has potentiality to land in wind shear satelv. The problem hear is how to help the pilot detect the wind shear on board in lime and control the aircraft correctly and timelv.

关键词： wind shear optimization technique open loopeonlrol

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Sustainable livestock production: Low emission farm-The innovative combination of nutrient, emission and waste management with special emphasis on Chinese pig production

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Animal Nutrition 2015年第3期1卷 104-112页

作者： Thomas kaufmann Evonik Nutrition & Care GmbH

Global livestock production is going to be more and more sophisticated in order to improve efficiency needed to supply the rising demand for animal protein of a growing, more urban and affluent *** cope with the rising public importance of sustainability is a big challenge for all animal farmers and more industrialized operations especially. Confined animal farming operations(CAFO) are seen very critical by many consumers with regard to their sustainability performance, however, the need to improve the sustainability performance especially in the ecological and social dimension exists at both ends of the intensity, i.e., also for the small holder and family owned animal farming models. As in livestock operations, feed and manure contribute the majority to the three most critical environmental impact categories global warming potential(GWP), acidification(AP) and eutrophication potential(EP)any effort for improvement should start there. Intelligent combination of nutrient-, emission-and waste management in an integrated low emission farm(LEF) concept not only significantly reduces the environmental footprint in the ecological dimension of sustainability, but by producing renewable energy(heat, electricity, biomethane) with animal manure as major feedstock in an anaerobic digester also the economic dimension can be improved. Model calculations using new software show the ecological improvement potential of low protein diets using more supplemented amino acids for the Chinese pig production. The ecological impact of producing biogas or upgraded biomethane, of further treatment of the digestate and producing defined fertilizers is discussed. Finally, the LEF concept allows the integration of an insect protein plant module which offers additional ecological and economical sustainability improvement potential in the future. Active stakeholder communication about implementation steps of LEF examples improves also the social aspect of sustainability.

关键词： Sustainability Amino acids Environment Manure Biogas Emissions

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Inland-coastal demographic transformations in a karst area:a case study of the surroundings of Krka National Park(Croatia)

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Journal of Mountain Science 2022年第2期19卷 305-321页

作者： TELBISZ Tamas RADELJAK kaufmann Petra BOCIC Neve Department of Physical Geography Eotvos Lorand UniversityPazmany Peter setany 1/CBudapest 1117Hungary Department of Geography Faculty of ScienceUniversity of ZagrebMarulicev trg 19/IIZagreb 10000Croatia

According to geographic possibilism,environment does not determine socio-economic ***,the environment sets certain constraints and limitations for *** do natural settings influence population dynamics?In this study,we examine this question using the example of?ibenik-Knin County,which includes Krka National Park(NP)with a GIS-based statistical *** following parameters represent natural factors:elevation,slope,distance from water,and proportion of karst *** addition,distance from Krka NP was also added as an independent seminatural factor(despite the fact that it is a social construction).The dependent social parameters are population density for selected historical dates,population change,year of maximum population,natural increase,migration,and age *** analysis units are the 199 settlements found in the county,and the 20 local administrative units(LAU2).The study period can be divided into five phases:from the first census in 1857 to 1921,there was a slow increase in most settlements;then a relatively constant phase up to 1961(some settlements began shrinking in this period);a slow decrease until 1991;arapid decrease during the next decade;and relative stabilisation to present *** processes were also accompanied by significant inner and outer *** for the relationships between natural and demographic factors,we found that although the coastal-inland area dichotomy is dominant in the study area,elevation has the highest correlation with most population ***,distance from water is also significantly correlated with population change and migration in certain *** the inland areas,there are statistically significant differences between the demographic processes of fully-karstic and partially-karstic areas,while in the coastal zone,the karst effect is overshadowed by other social *** impact of Krka NP on the demographic characteristics of the surrounding settlements was statisti

关键词： Geographic possibilism Karst National park Population density Migration

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Discrimination of conspecifics from heterospecifics in a hybrid zone: Behavioral and chemical cues in ants

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Insect Science 2022年第1期29卷 276-288页

作者： Marion Cordonnier Bernard kaufmann Laurent Simon Gilles Escarguel Nathalie Mondy Univ Lyon Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1CNRSENTPEUMR 5023 LEHNAF-69622VilleurbanneFrance

Species and nestmate recognition in social insects occurs mostly through cuticular hydrocarbons acting as chemical cues. These compounds generate a colony-specific odor profile depending on genetic and environmental factors. Species and nestmate recognition results in specific behavioral responses, regulating the level of aggression toward other individuals during an interaction. Although species discrimination and recognition cues have been poorly studied in the context of interspecific hybridization, such systems offer an opportunity to further investigate the influence of heritable and environmental factors on recognition. We explored the strength of discrimination in a hybrid zone between two ant species—Tetramorium immigrans and T. caespitum—by comparing cuticular hydrocarbon profiles and measuring intra- and interspecific worker aggression in both areas of sympatry and areas of allopatry among species. Species cuticular hydrocarbon profiles were well-differentiated and interspecific aggression was high, revealing highly discriminating species recognition cues. Hybrids’ cuticular hydrocarbon profiles consisted of a mixture of the parental bouquets, but also exhibited hybrid-specific patterns. Behavioral assays showed that T. immigrans is as aggressive toward hybrids as toward heterospecifics. Finally, aggression between heterospecific workers was lower when interacting individuals came from areas of sympatry among species than from areas of allopatry. Taken as a whole, these findings paint a particularly complex picture of the recognition system in T. immigrans, T. caespitum, and their hybrids, and highlight that hybrid zones afford a still underexplored opportunity for investigating recognition mechanisms and discrimination between species.

关键词： aggressive behavior ants cuticular hydrocarbons hybrid zone recognition cues Tetramorium

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Building Transcription Factor Binding Site Models to Understand Gene Regulation in Plants

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Molecular Plant 2019年第6期12卷 743-763页

作者： Xuelei Lai Arnaud Stigliani Gilles Vachon Cristel Carles Cezary Smaczniak Chloe Zubieta Kerstin kaufmann Francois Parcy CNRS Univ. Grenoble Alpes CEA INRA BIG-LPCV 38000 Grenoble France Department for Plant Cell and Molecular Biology Institute for Biology Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin Berlin Germany

Transcription factors (TFs) are key cellular components that control gene expression. They recognize specific DNA sequences, the TF binding sites (TFBSs), and thus are targeted to specific regions of the genome where they can recruit transcriptional co-factors and/or chromatin regulators to fine-tune spatiotemporal gene regulation. Therefore, the identification of TFBSs in genomic sequences and their subsequent quantitative modeling is of crucial importance for understanding and predicting gene expression. Here, we review how TFBSs can be determined experimentally, how the TFBS models can be constructed in silico, and how they can be optimized by taking into account features such as position interdependence within TFBSs, DNA shape, and/or by introducing state-of-the-art computational algorithms such as deep learning methods. In addition, we discuss the integration of context variables into the TFBS modeling, including nucleosome positioning, chromatin states, methylation patterns, 3D genome architectures, and TF cooperative binding, in order to better predict TF binding under cellular contexts. Finally, we explore the possibilities of combining the optimized TFBS model with technological advances, such as targeted TFBS perturbation by CRISPR, to better understand gene regulation, evolution, and plant diversity.

关键词： Transcription factor binding site Gene regulation flower development

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Investment climate around the world : voices of the firms from the World Business Environment Survey

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2003年

作者： Geeta Batra Daniel kaufmann and Andrew H.W. Stone.

ISBN: (纸本)9780821353905

The analysis of firm-level data collected through parallel international enterprise surveys can reveal important linkages between governance constraints and business growth and investment. The World Business Environment Survey (WBES), an initiative led by the World Bank Group in 1999 and 2000, collected enterprise data from more than 10,000 firms in 80 countries and one territory. Econometric analysis of responses to that survey points to a strong association between corruption, financing, regulatory and tax constraints, policy uncertainty, and protection of intellectual property rights with firm-level performance, as measured by sales and investment growth and participation in the formal economy. 'Investment Climate Around the World' presents the core WBES questionnaire and survey findings, and confirms the significance of key country conditions on firm performance and behavior. The findings provide a basis for regional comparison—but suggest the need for caution when averaging across categories, especially in light of country conditions that can significantly affect firm-level sales and investment. The enclosed CD-ROM provides the complete WBES core database, with firm-level data, country and variable code lists; an interactive tool that allows users to configure and analyze graphs depicting global or country-specific results; and links to Web-based analytical tools

关键词： International business enterprises.

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