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Chinese Physics C 2024年第6期48卷 247-259页

作者： Ashima sood Md Sabir Ali J.k.Singh Sushant G.Ghosh Department of Mathematics Netaji Subhas University of TechnologyNew Delhi-110078India Centre for Theoretical Physics Jamia Millia IslamiaNew Delhi 110025India Department of Physics Mahishadal Raj CollegePurba MedinipurWest Bengal721628India Institute of Theoretical Physics&Research Center of Gravitation Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China key Laboratory of Quantum Theory and Applications of MoE Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Lanzhou Center for Theoretical Physics&key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics of Gansu Province Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Astrophysics and Cosmology Research Unit School of MathematicsStatistics and Computer ScienceUniversity of KwaZulu-NatalPrivate Bag X54001Durban 4000South Africa

We obtain an exact solution for spherically symmetric Letelier AdS black holes immersed in perfect fluid dark matter(PFDM).Considering the cosmological constant as the positive pressure of the system and volume as its conjugate variable,we analyze the thermodynamics of our black holes in the extended phase *** to the background clouds of strings parameter(a)and the parameter endowed with PFDM(β),we analyze the Hawking temperature,entropy,and specific ***,we investigate the relationship between the photon sphere radius and phase transition for the Letelier AdS black holes immersed in *** the analysis,with a particular condition,non-monotonic behaviors are found between the photon sphere radius,impact parameter,PFDM parameter,temperature,and *** can regard the changes in both the photon sphere radius and impact parameter before and after phase transition as the order parameter;their critical exponents near the critical point are equal to the same value,1/2,similar to that in ordinary thermal *** indicates that a universal relation of gravity may exist near the critical point for a black hole thermodynamic system.

关键词： AdS black holes perfect fluid dark matter Letelier spacetime photon orbit extended phase space thermodynamics correlation of photon orbit and thermodynamics

GUARDIAN: A Multi-Tiered Defense Architecture for Thwarting Prompt Injection Attacks on LLMs

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Journal of Software Engineering and Applications 2024年第1期17卷 43-68页

作者： Parijat Rai Saumil sood Vijay k. Madisetti Arshdeep Bahga School of Computer Science Engineering & Technology Bennett University Greater Noida India School of Cybersecurity and Privacy Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta USA Cloudemy Technology Labs Chandigarh India

This paper introduces a novel multi-tiered defense architecture to protect language models from adversarial prompt attacks. We construct adversarial prompts using strategies like role emulation and manipulative assistance to simulate real threats. We introduce a comprehensive, multi-tiered defense framework named GUARDIAN (Guardrails for Upholding Ethics in Language Models) comprising a system prompt filter, pre-processing filter leveraging a toxic classifier and ethical prompt generator, and pre-display filter using the model itself for output screening. Extensive testing on Meta’s Llama-2 model demonstrates the capability to block 100% of attack prompts. The approach also auto-suggests safer prompt alternatives, thereby bolstering language model security. Quantitatively evaluated defense layers and an ethical substitution mechanism represent key innovations to counter sophisticated attacks. The integrated methodology not only fortifies smaller LLMs against emerging cyber threats but also guides the broader application of LLMs in a secure and ethical manner.

关键词： Large Language Models (LLMs) Adversarial Attack Prompt Injection Filter Defense Artificial Intelligence Machine Learning Cybersecurity

Anesthetic consideration in Meigs syndrome with large pleural effusion and lung collapse

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Journal of Acute Disease 2024年第1期13卷 43-44,I0006,I0007页

作者： Shalendra Singh Deepak Mishra Deepu k Peter Munish sood Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Command Hospital(NC)UdhampurIndia Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Command Hospital(SC)PuneIndia Department of Pulmonary Medicine Command Hospital(NC)UdhampurIndia Department of Orthopaedics INHSMumbaiIndia

Meigs syndrome(MS)is characterized by a benign ovarian tumor(fibroma),hydrothorax on the right side,and ascites;which can be resolved permanently after *** literature reveals that most MS surgeries were performed under general anesthesia(GA)[1].However,GA poses major risks to the *** the high risk of gastric content regurgitation,poor general condition or dyselectrolytemia may lead to delayed arousal,and associated multi-organ *** mechanical ventilation is also difficult due to ascites and hydrothorax(reduced cardiac output,impaired ventilation-perfusion in lungs causing hypoxia and hypercapnia)[1,2].In this letter,we report a case of MS tumor resection under the subarachnoid block(SAB)to mitigate these issues and also review the complications associated with both techniques.

关键词： anesthesia impaired ascites

Evaluating Privacy Leakage and Memorization Attacks on Large Language Models (LLMs) in Generative AI Applications

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Journal of Software Engineering and Applications 2024年第5期17卷 421-447页

作者： Harshvardhan Aditya Siddansh Chawla Gunika Dhingra Parijat Rai Saumil sood Tanmay Singh Zeba Mohsin Wase Arshdeep Bahga Vijay k. Madisetti School of Computer Science Engineering & Technology Bennett University Greater Noida India Cloudemy Technology Labs Chandigarh India School of Cybersecurity and Privacy Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta USA

The recent interest in the deployment of Generative AI applications that use large language models (LLMs) has brought to the forefront significant privacy concerns, notably the leakage of Personally Identifiable Information (PII) and other confidential or protected information that may have been memorized during training, specifically during a fine-tuning or customization process. We describe different black-box attacks from potential adversaries and study their impact on the amount and type of information that may be recovered from commonly used and deployed LLMs. Our research investigates the relationship between PII leakage, memorization, and factors such as model size, architecture, and the nature of attacks employed. The study utilizes two broad categories of attacks: PII leakage-focused attacks (auto-completion and extraction attacks) and memorization-focused attacks (various membership inference attacks). The findings from these investigations are quantified using an array of evaluative metrics, providing a detailed understanding of LLM vulnerabilities and the effectiveness of different attacks.

关键词： Large Language Models PII Leakage Privacy Memorization Overfitting Membership Inference Attack (MIA)

A randomized controlled trial on triamcinolone versus saline impregnated merocel post endoscopic sinus surgery:Our experience in a tertiary care centre

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2024年第3期10卷 193-199页

作者： Ananya sood khushboo Goel SSanjeev Bhagat Dimple Sahni Dinesh kumar Sharma Vishav Yadav Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head&Neck Surgery Government Medical CollegePatialaPunjabIndia

Purpose:To assess the potential benefit of impregnating Merocel(a non-absorbable nasal dressing)with a topical steroid solution,for use as a direct and slow local delivery system of steroids after sinus surgery to improve postoperative wound ***:In this randomized controlled trial,40 patients with bilateral chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis were subjected to functional endoscopic sinus *** the completion of the surgery,Merocel packs were inserted in the bilateral nasal cavities and infiltrated with 4 mL triamcinolone(40 mg/mL)in one nasal cavity(treatment group)and 4 mL normal saline in the other(control group).Nasal packs were removed on the third postoperative day and postoperative healing assessment was done on postoperative Weeks 1,2,4,and *** findings were noted as per Lund kennedy(LkES)and perioperative sinus endoscopy(POSE)scores and compared on both ***:Significant(Pkennedy score for crusting and polyp at Week 12,for edema at Week 1,and nasal discharge at Weeks 1 and 12,but there was no significant improvement in scarring at any ***,the difference between the treatment and control arms was statistically significant at all postoperative visits except at Week ***,there was a significant improvement in POSE scores at Weeks 1,2,and 12 but not at Week ***:This study positively concludes that the nasal cavity packed with drug-soaked packs had less scarring and edema in the postoperative period and the overall wound healing was much better as compared to saline-soaked packs.

关键词： chronic rhinosinusitis functional endoscopic sinus surgery Lund kennedy merocele perioperative sinus endoscopy triamcinolone

Comprehensive analysis of uncertainty quantification for the^(58)Ni(n,p)^(58)Co reaction cross section

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第9期48卷 170-175页

作者： Mahesh Choudhary Aman Sharma Namrata Singh Mahima Upadhyay Punit Dubey A.Gandhi Akash Hingu G Mishra Sukanya De L.S.Danu Ajay kumar R.G.Thomas Saurav sood Sajin Prasad S.Mukherjee I.N.Ruskov Yu.N.kopatch A.kumar Department of Physics Banaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi 221005India Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering-IFIN-HH Bucharest 077125Romania Department of Physics The Maharaja Sayajirao University of BarodaVadodara 390002India Nuclear Physics Division Bhabha Atomic Research CentreMumbai 400085India Health Physics Division Bhabha Atomic Research CentreMumbai 400085India Department of Electrical Power Engineering Brno University of TechnologyBrno 61600Czech Republic Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy Bulgarian Academy of SciencesSofia 1784Bulgaria Joint Institute for Nuclear Research(JINR) Dubna 141980Russia

In this study,we measured the^(58)Ni(n,p)^(58)Co reaction cross section with neutron energies of 1.06,1.86,and 2.85 *** cross section was measured using neutron activation techniques andγ-ray spectroscopy,and it was compared with cross section data available in the ***,we calculated the covariance matrix of the measured cross section for the aforementioned nuclear *** uncertainties of the theoretical calculation for^(58)Ni(n,p)^(58)Co reaction cross section were calculated via Monte Carlo *** this study,we used uncertainties in the optical model and level density parameters to calculate uncertainties in the theoretical cross *** theoretical calculations were performed by using *** this study,we aim to analyze the effect of uncertainties of the nuclear model input as well as different experimental variables used to obtain the values of reaction cross section.

关键词： ^(58)Ni(n p)^(58)Co reaction γ-ray spectroscopy uncertainty quantification of cross section covariance analysis

Investigation of 58Ni(n, p)58Co reaction cross-section with covariance analysis

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第2期48卷 78-90页

作者： Akash Hingu S.Mukherjee Siddharth Parashari Arora Sangeeta A.Gandhi Mahima Upadhyay Mahesh Choudhary Sumit Bamal Namrata Singh G.Mishra Sukanya De Saurav sood Sajin Prasad G.Saxena Ajay kumar R.G.Thomas B.k.Agrawal k.katovsky A.kumar Department of Physics Faculty of ScienceThe M.S.University of BarodaVadodara 390002India Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication Brno University of TechnologyBrnoCzech Republic Department of Physics Faculty of ScienceUniversity of ZagrebBijenička c.32Zagreb 10000Croatia Department of Physics University Institute of SciencesChandigarh UniversityGharuanMohali 140413PunjabIndia Department of Physics Banaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi 221005India Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering Măgurele 077125Romania Nuclear Physics Division Bhabha Atomic Research CentreMumbai 400085India Health Physics Division Bhabha Atomic Research CentreMumbai 400085India Department of Physics(H&S) Government Women Engineering CollegeAjmer 305002India Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics Kolkata 700064India Homi Bhabha National Institute Anushakti NagarMumbai 400094India

The excitation function of the 58Ni(n,p)58Co reaction was measured using the well-established neutron activation technique andγ-ray *** in the energy range of 1.7 to 2.7 MeV were generated using the 7Li(p,n)*** neutron flux was measured using the standard 115In(n,n’)115mIn monitor *** results of the neutron spectrum averaged cross-section of 58Ni(n,p)58Co reactions were compared with existing cross-section data available in the EXFOR data library as well as with various evaluated data libraries such as ENDF/B-VIII.0,JEFF-3.3,JENDL-4.0,and *** calculations were performed using the nuclear reaction code *** nuclear level density(NLD)models were tested,and their results were compared with the present *** NLDs were also obtained through the spectral distribution method(SDM).The cross-section results,along with the absolute errors,were obtained by investigating the uncertainty propagation and using the covariance *** forγ-ray true coincidence summing,low-energy background neutrons,andγ-ray self attenuation were *** experimental cross-section obtained in the present study is consistent with previously published experimental data,evaluated libraries,and theoretical calculations carried out using the TALYS code.

关键词： nuclear reactions (n,p)reaction cross-section measurement covariance analysis nuclear level density