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Abscisic Acid Signal off the STARTing Block

Molecular Plant 2011年第4期4卷 562-580页

作者： Archana joshi-Saha Christiane Valon Jeffrey Leung Institut des Sciences du Vegetal Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UPR2355 1 Avenue de la Terrasse Bat. 23 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France

The year 2009 marked a real turnaround in our understanding of the mode of abscisic acid （ABA） action. Nearly 25 years had elapsed since the first biochemical detection of ABA-binding proteins in the plasmalemma of Vicia guard cells was reported. This recent--and laudable--achievement is owed largely to the discovery of the soluble ABA receptors whose major interacting proteins happen to be some of the most well-established components of earliest steps in ABA signaling. These soluble receptors, with the double name of PYRABACTIN RESISTANCE （PYR） or REGULATORY COMPONENT OF ABA RECEPTOR （RCAR）, are a family of Arabidopsis proteins of about 150-200 amino acids that share a conserved START domain. The ABA signal transduction circuitry under non-stress conditions is muted by the clade A protein phosphatases 2C （PP2C）（notably HAB1, ABI1, and ABI2）. During the initial steps of ABA signaling, the binding of the hormone to the receptor induces a conformational change in the latter that allows it to sequester the PP2Cs. This excludes them from the negative regulation of the downstream ABA-activated kinases （OST1/SnRk2.6/SRk2E, SnRk2.2, and SnRk2.3）, thus unleashing the pathway by freeing them to phosphorylate downstream targets that now include several b-ZIP transcription factors, ion channels （SLAC1, kAT1）, and a NADPH oxidase （AtrbohF）. The discovery of this family of soluble receptors and the rich insight already gained from structural studies of their complexes with different isoforms of ABA, PP2C, and the synthetic agonist pyrabactin lay the foundation towards rational design of chemical switches that can bolster drought hardiness in plants.

关键词： Abiotic/environmental stress hormone biology signal transduction.

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Nanoscale strained-Si MOSFET physics and modeling approaches:a review

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Journal of Semiconductors 2010年第10期31卷 19-23页

作者： Amit Chaudhry J.N.Roy Garima joshi University Institute of Engineering and Technology Panjab University Solar Semiconductor Private Limited

An attempt has been made to give a detailed review of strained silicon technology. Various device models have been studied that consider the effect of strain on the devices, and comparisons have been drawn. A review of some modeling issues in strained silicon technology has also been outlined. The review indicates that this technology is very much required in nanoscale MOSFETs due to its several potential benefits, and there is a strong need for an analytical model which describes the complete physics of the strain technology.

关键词： mobility SiGe strained-Si technology CAD

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Forest fire risk assessment in parts of Northeast India using geospatial tools

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Journal of Forestry Research 2011年第4期22卷 641-647页

作者： kanchan Puri G. Areendran krishna Raj Sraboni Mazumdar P.k. joshi Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University Kashmere Gate Delhi 110006 India IGCMC WWF India Lodi Estate New Delhi 110003 India TERI University New Delhi 110070 India.

Forest fire is a major cause of changes in forest structure and function. Among various floristic regions, the northeast region of India suffers maximum from the fires due to age-old practice of shifting cultivation and spread of fires from jhum fields. For proper mitigation and management, an early warning of forest fires through risk modeling is required. The study results demonstrate the potential use of remote sensing and Geographic Information System （GIS） in identifying forest fire prone areas in Manipur, southeastern part of Northeast India. Land use land cover （LULC）, vegetation type, Digital elevation model （DEM）, slope, aspect and proximity to roads and settlements, factors that influence the behavior of fire, were used to model the forest fire risk zones. Each class of the layers was given weight according to their fire inducing capability and their sensitivity to fire. Weighted sum modeling and ISODATA clustering was used to classify the fire zones. TO validate the results, Along Track Scanning Radiometer （ATSR）, the historical fire hotspots data was used to check the occurrence points and modeled forest fire locations. The forest risk zone map has 55-63% of agreement with ATSR dataset.

关键词： ATSR forest fire modeling risk zonation weights Manipur

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Improving the Detection Rate of Rarely Appearing Intrusions in Network-Based Intrusion Detection Systems

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第2期66卷 1647-1663页

作者： Eunmok Yang Gyanendra Prasad joshi Changho Seo Department of Financial Information Security Kookmin UniversitySeoul02707Korea Department of Computer Science and Engineering Sejong UniversitySeoul05006Korea Department of Convergence Science Kongju National UniversityGongju32588Korea

In network-based intrusion detection practices,there are more regular instances than intrusion *** there is always a statistical imbalance in the instances,it is difficult to train the intrusion detection system *** this work,we compare intrusion detection performance by increasing the rarely appearing instances rather than by eliminating the frequently appearing duplicate *** technique mitigates the statistical imbalance in these *** also carried out an experiment on the training model by increasing the instances,thereby increasing the attack instances step by step up to 13 *** experiments included not only known attacks,but also unknown new *** results are compared with the existing studies from the literature,and show an improvement in accuracy,sensitivity,and specificity over previous *** detection rates for the remote-to-user(R2L)and user-to-root(U2L)categories are improved significantly by adding fewer *** detection of many intrusions is increased from a very low to a very high detection *** detection of newer attacks that had not been used in training improved from 9%to 12%.This study has practical applications in network administration to protect from known and unknown *** network administrators are running out of instances for some attacks,they can increase the number of instances with rarely appearing instances,thereby improving the detection of both known and unknown new attacks.

关键词： Intrusion detection statistical imbalance SMO machine learning network security

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Structural characterization of carboxyl cellulose nanofibers extracted from underutilized sources

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2019年第6期62卷 971-981页

作者： ZHAN ChengBo SHARMA Priyanka R. GENG LiHong SHARMA Sunil k. WANG RuiFu joshi Ritika HSIAO Benjamin S. Department of Chemistry Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY 11794-3400 USA National Engineer Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering of Ministry of Education South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China

Two different chemical methods, TEMPO-oxidation and nitro-oxidation, were used to extract carboxyl cellulose nanofibers(CNFs) from non-wood biomass sources(i.e., jute, soft and hard spinifex grasses). The combined TEMPO-oxidation and homogenization approach was very efficient to produce CNFs from the cellulose component of biomass;however, the nitrooxidation method was also found to be effective to extract CNFs directly from raw biomass even without mechanical *** effect of these two methods on the resulting cross-section dimensions of CNFs was investigated by solution small-angle Xray scattering(SAXS), transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and atomic force microscopy(AFM). The UV-Vis spectroscopic data from 0.1 wt% TEMPO-oxidized nanofiber(TOCNF) and nitro-oxidized nanofiber(NOCNF) suspensions showed that TOCNF had the highest transparency(> 95%) because of better dispersion, resulted from the highest carboxylate content(1.2 mmol/g). The consistent scattering and microscopic results indicated that TOCNFs from jute and spinifex grasses possessed rectangular cross-sections, while NOCNFs exhibited near square cross-sections. This study revealed that different oxidation methods can result in different degrees of biomass exfoliation and different CNF morphology.

关键词： cellulose nanofibers TEMPO-oxidation nitro-oxidation SAXS microscopy jute spinifex

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Catalytic effects of Cu-Co~* on the thermal decomposition of AN and AN/kDN based green oxidizer and propellant samples

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2018年第3期14卷 250-260页

作者： Pratim kumar Puran Chandra joshi Rajiv kumar Shelly Biswas Department of Space Engineering & Rocketry Birla Institute of Technology Department of Mechanical Engineering Vidya Vihar Institute of Technology

This paper presents the catalytic effects of Cu-Co~* catalyst on the decomposition of AN and AN/kDN based oxidizer and propellant samples. Ozawa-Flynn-Wall(OFW) iso-conversional method was used for the kinetic studies and to compute the activation energy(Ea) values for various decomposition steps of the prepared oxidizer and propellant samples in the temperature range of 50 e500C. TG-DTG experiments were carried out for both oxidizer and propellant samples at the heating rates of 3, 5, and 10C/min. AN/kDN based oxidizer samples were prepared by an evaporative co-crystallization method. Citric acid sol-gel method was used for the synthesis of Cu-Co~* catalyst. The propellant sample contains HTPB as the fuel binder along with other ingredients such as TDI, DOA, and Glycerol. The Cu-Co~* catalyst was used as 2% by weight to the total weight of catalyzed oxidizer and propellant samples. It was observed from the present study that, Cu-Co~* catalyst helps in reducing the Ea values for AN and AN based propellant samples. However, with the percentage increment of kDN in the AN crystals, Ea value ***, it was observed that Cu-Co~* catalyst stabilizes the initial partial decomposition of kDN.

关键词：催化氧化剂催化效果热分解 Cu 燃料取样 TG-DTG 催化剂

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Coarse-grained molecular dynamics integrated with convolutional neural network for comparing shapes of temperature sensitive bottlebrushes

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 403-414页

作者： Soumil Y.joshi Samrendra Singh Sanket A.Deshmukh Department of Chemical Engineering Virginia TechBlacksburgVA24061USA

Quantification of shape changes in nature-inspired soft material architectures of stimuli-sensitive polymers is critical for controlling their properties but is challenging due to their softness and ***,we have computationally designed uniquely shaped bottlebrushes of a thermosensitive polymer,poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)(PNIPAM),by controlling the length of side chains along the ***-grained molecular dynamics simulations of solvated bottlebrushes were performed below and above the lower critical solution temperature of *** analyses(free volume,asphericity,etc.)show that lengths of side chains and their immediate environments dictate the compactness and bending in these *** further developed 100 unique convolutional neural network models that captured molecular-level features and generated a statistically significant quantification of the similarity between different ***,our study provides insights into the shapes of complex architectures as well as a general method to analyze *** shapes presented here may inspire the synthesis of new bottlebrushes.

关键词： convolution chains dynamics

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Crustal Deformation Revealed by GPS in kumaun Himalaya,India

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Journal of Mountain Science 2014年第1期11卷 41-50页

作者： Rakesh k.DUMkA Bahadur S.kOTLIA kireet kUMAR Gokul S.SATYAL Lalit M.joshi Institute of Seismological Research Centre of Advanced Study in Geology Kumaun University G.B.Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development

The foremost Global Positioning System(GPS) derived measurements in the kumaun Himalaya indicate that most of the crustal motion of the Indian plate is accommodating towards the base as well as on the hanging wall of Main Central Thrust(MCT).Deformation pattern within the kumaun Himalaya varies from south to north and indicates maximum deformation rate near *** study,based on the campaign mode GPS survey during 2003- 2006,reveals that the area between north of North Almora Thrust(NAT) and at the base of Great Himalaya registers maximum strain rate,which is lowered towards the Trans Himadri Fault(THF).The GAMIT-GLOBk processed campaign data of the area show that currently,the Himalayan Frontal Fault(HFF) and Main Boundary Thrust(MBT) are locked with the Indian plate,and a 6.7 ± 2.5 mm/yr of horizontal shortening is taking place between the Lesser Himalaya and Peninsular India.

关键词： kumaun Himalaya Faults thrust systems Deformation Convergence Crustal strain

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Modeling transmission dynamics of rabies in Nepal

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2021年第1期6卷 284-301页

作者： Buddhi Pantha Sunil Giri Hem Raj joshi Naveen k.Vaidya Department of Science and Mathematics Abraham Baldwin Agricultural CollegeTiftonGAUSA Department of Mathematics Florida Atlantic UniversityBoca RatonFLUSA Department of Mathematics Xavier UniversityCincinnatiOHUSA Department of Mathematics and Statistics San Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCAUSA Computational Science Research Center San Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCAUSA Viral Information Institute San Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCAUSA

Even though vaccines against rabies are available,rabies still remains a burden killing a significant number of humans as well as domestic and wild animals in many parts of the world,including *** this study,we develop a mathematical model to describe transmission dynamics of rabies in *** particular,an indirect interspecies transmission from jackals to humans through dogs,which is relevant to the context of Nepal,is one of the novel features of our *** model utilizes annual dog-bite data collected from Nepal for a decade long period,allowing us to reasonably estimate parameters related to rabies transmission in *** our model,we calculated the basic reproduction number(R_(0)=1:16)as well as intraspecies basic reproduction numbers of dogs(R_(0)^(D)=1:14)and jackals(R_(0)^(J)=0:07)for Nepal,and identified that the dog-related parameters are primary contributors to *** results show that,along with dogs,jackals may also play an important role,albeit lesser extent,in the persistence of rabies in *** model also suggests that control strategies may help reduce the prevalence significantly but the jackal vaccination may not be as effective as dog-related preventive *** get deeper insight into the role of intraspecies and interspecies transmission between dog and jackal populations in the persistence of rabies,we also extended our model analysis into a wider parameter ***,for some feasible parameters,even though rabies is theoretically controlled in each dog and jackal populations(R_(0)^(D)1)due to interspecies *** results may be useful to design effective prevention and control strategies for mitigating rabies burden in Nepal and other parts of the world.

关键词： Interspecies transmission Intraspecies transmission Mathematical models Nepal Rabies R_(0)

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Contrasting lipid biomarkers in mountain rivers in the Nepal Himalayas: Organic matter characteristics and contribution to the fluvial carbon pool

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Geoscience Frontiers 2021年第6期12卷 1-15页

作者： Rajendra Bhandari Joyanto Routh Subodh Sharma Rajendra joshi Department of Thematic Studies–Environmental Change Linköping UniversitySweden Aquatic Ecology Center Kathmandu UniversityNepal Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Kathmandu UniversityNepal Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Kathmandu UniversityNepal

The Nepal Himalayas is the source of many glacial and spring-fed river systems crisscrossing the mountainous *** is an increasing recognition of small mountain rivers(SMRs)to have a significant combined export of dissolved and particulate organic carbon to the global carbon *** analyzed fluvial sediments from two SMRs and compared the results with two large mountain rivers(LMRs)in *** investigated the organic matter(OM),its compositional variability,and seasonal export using a suite of lipid biomarkers,namely n-alkanes,n-alkanoic acids,n-alkanols,and *** SMRs indicated a similarity in lipid distribution and were affected by a strong seasonal *** LMRs showed a distinct contrast in the distribution of lipids in suspended *** sediments in SMRs were derived from diverse sources with weak terrigenous dominance all-year-round compared to the suspended *** lipids(n-alkanoic acids and n-alkanols)were the major constituents in SMR sediments,indicating better *** contrast,n-alkane concentration dominated over other fractions in suspended sediments retrieved from *** biomarker trends differentiate SMRs from LMRs with lower transformed/degraded OM in SMRs.A common observation was the strong presence of even carbon compounds in short-chain n-alkanes in SMR bedload sediments and their predominance in suspended sediments in *** an unusual trend is attributed to specific biomarker sources from the catchment and ongoing processes in fluvial *** colonized by fungal species under moist acidic conditions and autochthonous bacteria contributes to the organic matter pool in shallow *** LMRs,the contribution from thermally mature sedimentary hydrocarbons and the diagenetic reduction of nalkanoic acids to n-alkanes are additional contributors to the allochthonous carbon *** differences in lipid concentrations,their distribution,seasonality,and the size of rivers suggest differential

关键词： Fluvial sediments Bedload Suspended load Monsoon Biomarkers Biogeochemistry

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