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Studies on Rhizospheric Mycoflora of Tea (Camellia sinensis): In vitro Antagonism with Dominant Bacteria

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应用与环境生物学报 2007年第3期13卷 357-360页

作者： SINGH Shuchi sood Anchal SHARMA Shivesh kUMAR Vivek SINGH kamal Deep PANDEY Piyush Department of Microbiology Division of Life Sciences SBS (PG) Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Research Department of Soil and Water Public Authority of Agriculture Affairs & Fish Resources

Species of Trichoderma, Penicillium, Aspergillus and Mucor were found to dominate the rhizosphere of tea bushes in different regions of the Indian Himalayas. The Himachal Himalayas were dominated by Monilia humiscola (45.08%) and Mucor hiemalis (33.11%). In the Uttaranchal Himalayas, Aspergillus clavatum dominated the rhizosphere (54.01%), followed by A. flavous (20.07%). Although the fungal isolates require a mesophillic temperature (15 ℃ to 35 ℃), the tea rhizospheric isolates tolerate a wide range of temperatures (5 ℃ to 45 ℃). When tested for pH tolerance, these fungi showed a wide range (2.0 to 13.0) of pH tolerance under in vitro conditions. Seasonal variations also influenced the colony forming units (cfu) of the rhizospheric fungi, with the maximum forming in November and March, and the minimum in December^February. During this period, the populations of the fungi were found inversely proportional to the bacterial populations. In addition, the dominant bacteria in the tea rhizosphere, i.e., Bacillus subtilis and B. mycoides, showed antagonistic activity against fungal isolates by inhibiting the growth and causing structural abnormalities in mycelium. Tab 5, Ref

关键词：细菌茶拮抗作用真菌区系丛矮病优势菌种

GUARDIAN: A Multi-Tiered Defense Architecture for Thwarting Prompt Injection Attacks on LLMs

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Journal of Software Engineering and Applications 2024年第1期17卷 43-68页

作者： Parijat Rai Saumil sood Vijay k. Madisetti Arshdeep Bahga School of Computer Science Engineering & Technology Bennett University Greater Noida India School of Cybersecurity and Privacy Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta USA Cloudemy Technology Labs Chandigarh India

This paper introduces a novel multi-tiered defense architecture to protect language models from adversarial prompt attacks. We construct adversarial prompts using strategies like role emulation and manipulative assistance to simulate real threats. We introduce a comprehensive, multi-tiered defense framework named GUARDIAN (Guardrails for Upholding Ethics in Language Models) comprising a system prompt filter, pre-processing filter leveraging a toxic classifier and ethical prompt generator, and pre-display filter using the model itself for output screening. Extensive testing on Meta’s Llama-2 model demonstrates the capability to block 100% of attack prompts. The approach also auto-suggests safer prompt alternatives, thereby bolstering language model security. Quantitatively evaluated defense layers and an ethical substitution mechanism represent key innovations to counter sophisticated attacks. The integrated methodology not only fortifies smaller LLMs against emerging cyber threats but also guides the broader application of LLMs in a secure and ethical manner.

关键词： Large Language Models (LLMs) Adversarial Attack Prompt Injection Filter Defense Artificial Intelligence Machine Learning Cybersecurity

Anesthetic consideration in Meigs syndrome with large pleural effusion and lung collapse

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Journal of Acute Disease 2024年第1期13卷 43-44,I0006,I0007页

作者： Shalendra Singh Deepak Mishra Deepu k Peter Munish sood Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Command Hospital(NC)UdhampurIndia Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Command Hospital(SC)PuneIndia Department of Pulmonary Medicine Command Hospital(NC)UdhampurIndia Department of Orthopaedics INHSMumbaiIndia

Meigs syndrome(MS)is characterized by a benign ovarian tumor(fibroma),hydrothorax on the right side,and ascites;which can be resolved permanently after *** literature reveals that most MS surgeries were performed under general anesthesia(GA)[1].However,GA poses major risks to the *** the high risk of gastric content regurgitation,poor general condition or dyselectrolytemia may lead to delayed arousal,and associated multi-organ *** mechanical ventilation is also difficult due to ascites and hydrothorax(reduced cardiac output,impaired ventilation-perfusion in lungs causing hypoxia and hypercapnia)[1,2].In this letter,we report a case of MS tumor resection under the subarachnoid block(SAB)to mitigate these issues and also review the complications associated with both techniques.

关键词： anesthesia impaired ascites

Arles,France Through Van Gogh＇s Eyes

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英语画刊（高三·社会综合版） 2012年第4期 28-29页

作者： Suemedha sood

说起普罗旺斯，大家脑海里一定会浮现出美丽的海岸线和连绵的薰衣草田，但今天我们将带领大家去普罗旺斯的阿尔勒走走，寻找梵·高油画中的景色。

关键词：中学英语课外阅读阅读材料

Is CT scan a predictor of instability in recurrent dislocation shoulder?

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Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2019年第3期22卷 177-181页

作者： k.P.Shijith Munish sood Ajay Deep Sud Amresh Ghai Department of Radiology Army Hospital (R & R)Delhi Cantt110010India Department of Orthopaedics Command Hospital ChandimandirHaryana134107India Department of Orthopaedics AFMCPune410040India Department of Orthopaedics Base Hospital Delhi CanttNew Delhi110010India

Purpose: Glenoid bone defect and the defect on the posterior-superior surface of the humerus “Hill- Sachs lesion” are the commonly seen bony lesions in patients with recurrent dislocation shoulder. Computed tomography (CT) scan is considered as the best option in assessing the bony defects in the recurrent dislocation shoulder. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical and radiological corelation in the patients with recurrent dislocation shoulder. Methods: Forty-four patients of recurrent dislocation shoulder who were evaluated between January 2015 and December 2017 at a tertiary care center, clinically and radiologically using CT scan and meeting the inclusion criteria, were included. The correlation between the clinical history of the number of dislocations and the bone loss using CT scan was evaluated. Two sided statistical tests were performed at a significance level of α=0.05. The analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS STATISTICS (version 22.0). Results: All the patients were male with mean age of 25.95 (SD ± 4.2) years were evaluated. Twenty-four patients sustained injury in sporting activities while 20 patients sustained injury in training. There were an average of 4.68 (SD ± 3.1, range 2e15, median 3) episodes of dislocation. Forty-one patients had the glenoid bone loss while 40 had the Hill-Sachs lesions. The mean glenoid width defect was 10.80%(range 0e27%) while the mean Hill-Sachs defect was 14.27 mm (range 0e26.6 mm). The mean area of bone loss of the glenoid surface was 10.81%(range 0e22.4%). The lesions were on track in 34 patients and off track in 10 patients. Conclusions: CT scan of the shoulder joint is an effective method for assessing the amount of bone loss. The number of dislocations are correlated significantly with off-track lesions and the amount of bone loss on the glenoid and Hill-Sachs lesion. The glenoid width bone loss of more than 9.80% or Hill-Sachs defect of more than 14.80 mm are the critical defects after which the frequency

关键词： Shoulder joint Recurrent dislocation Hill-Sachs lesion

Bacteria in Indian Food Packaging Papers and Paperboards with Various Contents of Pulp Fiber

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2019年第4期10卷 349-357页

作者： Swati sood Chhaya Sharma Environmental Research Laboratory Department of Paper Technology Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Saharanpur Campus Saharanpur India

The food packaging industry generally uses papers and paperboards (PPBs) especially for disposable products. According to the Framework Regulation (EC) No. 1935/2004 of the European Union, no transfer of contamination should occur from food packaging material to the food items. The aim of this study was to determine the presence, numbers, source and different kinds of bacteria present in food packaging PPBs with various contents of pulp fiber. The samples were randomly collected from popular confectioners and fast food restaurants in Saharanpur, India. The results indicated the presence of bacteria in all the samples, ranging from 1.3 × 102 to 6.1 × 103 cfu/g. Most of the samples contained bacteria in more than the permitted concentration of 2.5 × 102 cfu/g as set by Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The detected bacteria were from genera Bacillacea, Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas. According to the FDA declaration, pathogenic bacteria such as B. cereus and S. aureus have been associated with food borne diseases (FBD). Some contaminants in food packaging PPBs were found to be B. subtilis and P. aeroginosa, which produce enzymes like peroxidases and lipoxygenases that are odor generating enzymes.

关键词： Bacteria Odor Health Safety Food Packaging Papers and Paperboards (PPBs) Pulp Fiber

The growth of computer-assisted(robotic)surgery in urology 2000e2014:The role of Asian surgeons

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Asian Journal of Urology 2015年第1期2卷 1-10页

作者： Deepansh Dalela Rajesh Ahlawat Akshay sood Wooju Jeong Mahendra Bhandari Mani Menon Henry Ford Health System-Vattikuti Urology Institute DetroitMIUSA Medanta Hospitals-Medanta Vattikuti Urology Institute GurgaonHaryanaIndia

Objective:A major role in the establishment of computer-assisted robotic surgery(CARS)can be traced to the work of Mani Menon at Vattikuti Urology Institute(VUI),and of many surgeons of Asian *** success of robotic surgery in urology has spurred its acceptance in other surgical disciplines,improving patient comfort and disease outcomes and helping the industrial *** present paper gives an overview of the progress and development of robotic surgery,especially in the field of Urology;and to underscore some of the seminal work done by the VUI and Asian surgeons in the development of robotic surgery in urology in the US and around the ***:PubMed/Medline and Scopus databases were searched for publications from 2000 through June 2014,using algorithms based on keywords“robotic surgery”,“prostate”,“kidney”,“adrenal”,“bladder”,“reconstruction”,and“kidney transplant”.Inclusion criteria used were published full articles,book chapters,clinical trials,prospective and retrospective series,and systematic reviews/meta-analyses written in English *** from Asian institutions or with the first/senior author of Asian origin were included for discussion,and focused on techniques of robotic surgery,relevant patient outcomes and associated demographic ***:A total of 58 articles selected for final review highlight the important strides made by robots in urology,from robotic radical prostatectomy in 2000 to robotic kidney transplant in *** the hands of an experienced robotic surgeon,it has been demonstrated to improve functional patient outcomes and minimize perioperative complications compared to open surgery,especially in urologic oncology and reconstructive *** increasing surgeon proficiency,the benefits of robotic surgery were consistently seen across different surgical disciplines,patient populations,and strata.

关键词： Asian IDEAL kidney transplant Nephrectomy Radical cystectomy Radical prostatectomy Reconstructive urology Robotic surgery

Computational Intelligent Techniques To Detect DDOS Attacks:A Survey

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Journal of Cyber Security 2021年第2期3卷 89-106页

作者： Isha sood Varsha Sharma School of Information Technology Rajiv Gandhi Prodyogiki VishvavidyalyaBhopalIndia

The Internet is often targeted by the Distributed Denial of Service(DDOS)Attacks that deliberately utilize resources and bandwidth to prohibit access to potential *** attack possibility is that the packets are filled massively.A DOS attack is launched by a single source,while a DDOS attack is originated from numerous *** attacks are not capable of stealing website user’s *** prime motive of the DDoS attacks is to devastate the website *** Denial of Service(DDoS)attacks are disruptive to internet access on the *** attitude of the customer to get fast and reliable services can be seriously influenced by DDoS *** the digital era of today,cases of DDoS attacks have also been exceeded in the wireless,smartphone,and IoT attacks with catastrophic *** will soon be experiencing the 5G smartphone rebellion,but there are indications that 5G networks too are becoming victim to DDoS attacks but the existing DDoS detection and protection strategies are not able to handle DDOS attacks successfully therefore,thorough research on implementing computational intelligent strategies in the detection and defense techniques has been performed to recognize,mitigate,and avoid these *** the most suitable and efficient defense strategy for these attacks remains an issue to be addressed in the *** review article concentrates on the most prevalent methods of detection and defense against DDoS attacks that incorporate computational *** analysis describes attacks and explains *** key factors relevant to the detection of DDOS attacks are included in this research like methods,tools,and detection ***,various challenges attached to the detection of DDOS attacks and research gaps are depicted.

关键词： 5G DDoS IoT

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印度医学教育

复旦教育论坛 2009年第2期7卷 92-96页

作者： RITA sood 周莹复旦大学上海医学院上海200032

印度医学院在近两百年的扩容之后,已成为全世界医学毕业生最多的国家。本文从医疗卫生保健、医学监管机构、公/私立医学教育、招生制度、本科教学及课程改革、教师发展等方面对印度医学教育进行系统回顾,找出问题所在及发展趋势。

关键词：医学教育印度课程教学监管机构卫生保健