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A longitudinal analysis of the U.S. Air Force Reserve Officers’ Training Corps physical fitness assessment

Military Medical Research 2020年第2期7卷 166-173页

作者： Cameron SMackey Jason MDe freitas Applied Neuromuscular Physiology Laboratory Oklahoma State University192 CRCStillwaterOK 74078USA

Background:The *** Force physical fitness assessment(PFA)is used to determine the overall fitness of their *** is currently unknown to what extent the PFA scores of Reserve Officers’Training Corps(ROTC)cadets are affected by mandatory physical *** purpose of this investigation was to longitudinally examine the PFAs of ROTC cadets over a four-year period,evaluate the results across class ranks,and evaluate the sensitivity of the classification of the ***:Air Force ROTC cadets performed the PFAs(abdominal circumference,1-min pushups,1-min sit-ups,and a 1.5-mile run)in both the spring(n=26)and fall(n=22)*** were compiled over a four-year period(Spring 2014–Fall 2017)and were performed in accordance with Air Force Instruction 36–2905.A oneway repeated measures ANOVA was performed separately for the fall and spring groups for each dependent variable across the 4 ***,a one-way between groups ANOVA was performed for each dependent variable during the time point(fall 2015;n=46)with the most recorded cadets for each class ***:Longitudinal assessments revealed a main effect of time(P=0.010)on abdominal circumference;cadets had a smaller abdominal circumference in their freshman year than in their senior year.A main effect of time(P=0.006)was also observed on sit-up quantity;cadets performed more sit-ups in their junior year than in their freshman *** between class ranks during the same year(between-subjects ANOVA)revealed a main effect of class rank on sit-up quantity(P=0.003);the freshmen completed fewer repetitions than the sophomores(P=0.018)and the juniors did(P=0.001).Conclusions:The results indicated that only the sit-up component showed differences between class *** findings suggest that the Air Force PFA may not be sensitive enough to detect changes in physical fitness or distinguish between class ranks regarding physical performance,even after years of *** limitation may b

关键词： Class ranks Fitness assessment Military Physical training ROTC

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Flexible neural probes:a review of the current advantages,drawbacks,and future demands

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2024年第2期25卷 153-167页

作者： Sara PIMENTA Joao R.freitas JoséH.CORREIA CMEMS-UMinho University of MinhoGuimarães4800-058Portugal LABBELS-Associate Laboratory Braga/GuimarãesPortugal

Brain diseases affect millions of people and have a huge social and economic *** use of neural probes for studies in animals has been the main approach to increasing knowledge about neural network ***,neuroscientists are trying to develop new and more effective therapeutic approaches to treating neurological *** implementation of neural probes with multifunctionalities(electrical,optical,and fluidic interactions)has been increasing in the last few years,leading to the creation of devices with high temporal and spatial *** the applicability of,and elements integrated into,neural probes has also led to the necessity to create flexible interfaces,reducing neural tissue damage during probe implantation and increasing the quality of neural acquisition *** this paper,we review the fabrication,characterization,and validation of several types of flexible neural probes,exploring the main advantages and drawbacks of these ***,future developments and applications are ***,this review aims to present the currently available flexible devices and future appropriate avenues for development as possible guidance for future engineered devices.

关键词： Brain knowledge Flexible interface Multifunctional probe

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Heart failure in the elderly

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2012年第2期9卷 101-107页

作者： Elizabete Viana de freitas Michel Batlouni Roberto Gamarsky Department of Cardiology Pedro Ernesto University HospitalState University of Rio de JaneiroBoulevard 28 Setembro77 Vila IsabelBrazil Department of Geriatrics Pro-Cardiaeo HospitalRua General Polidoro 182Brazil Department of Cardiology Avenida Doutor Arnaldo455ConsolaqaoSao Paulo.CEP:01246-000Brazil Department of lnternal Medicine Federal University of GoiasAv.Contorno s/n°.Estado:GO Cidade:Gioidnia Bairro:Central CEP:74055-140Brazil Department of Cardiology Dante Pazzanese InstituteAv.Doutor Dante Pazzanesen o 500.Bairro:IbirapuerafVila Mariana Cidade:Sao PauloBrazil Department of Geriatrics Federal University of Rio de JaneiroRJ20551-030Brazil

The aging of the population is, currently, a major phenomenon, drawing the attention of a number of investigators. The significant increase of life expectancies over the past few decades, in addition to social and economic consequences, has lead to a major change in the morbidity and mortality profile of elders. Heart failure （HF） is a condition in which the heart can not pump enough blood to meet the body＇s needs. HF is predominantly a disorder of the elderly with rates increasing exponentially. The prevalence of HF approximately doubles with each decade of life. As people live longer, the occurrence of HF rises, as well as other conditions that complicate its treatment. Impaired heart function implies a reduced duration of survival. Fortunately, many factors that can prevent HF and improve outcome are known and can be applied at any stage. This review emphasizes the importance of factors inherent in aging itself, focusing on heart disease, particularly as a disease of aging, can help critically refine management of this acute and chronic disease, as well as foster preventive strategies to reduce the incidence of this common malady.

关键词： Elderly people Geriatric problems Heart failure Hypertension

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Effect of Anti-Diffusion Oxide Layer on Enhanced Thermal Stability of Magnetic Tunnel Junctions

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Chinese Physics Letters 2006年第4期23卷 932-935页

作者：张宗芝赵慧 Cardoso S. freitas P.P. Department of Optical Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory for Advanced Photonic Materials and Devices Fudan University Shanghai 200433 INESC-MN R. Alves Redol 9 1000 and Physics Department IST Av. Rovisco Pals 1096 Lisbon Portugal

Magnetic tunnel junctions （MTJs） with one proper oxidized FeOx layer placed between the Al oxide barrier and the top CoFe pinned layer show large tunnelling-magnetoresistance （TMR） signals as high as 39% after anneal at 380℃. The increased TMR signal may originate from the as-deposited Fe/FeOx （non-magnetic） layers changing to Fe＋magnetic FeOy layer （some Fe3O4 and mostly other kind of magnetic Fe oxide） after high temperature anneal. The maximum TMR value （TMR ） and the corresponding temperature Ts where the TMRmax occurs upon annealing are closely associated with the oxidation time of the AlOx and FeOx layers, too long oxidation for the Fe layers is detrimental for the TMR value. In addition to the enhanced AlOx barrier quality upon anneal, the improved thermal stability is also attributed to the Mn diffusion retardation by the presence of the FeOx layer which acts as an antidiffusion layer. For MTJs without the interposed FeOx layer, the TMR signal reduction at 300℃ originates from the Mnlr/CoFe partially decoupling and CoFe/AlOx interface polarization loss due to the significant Mn diffusion.

关键词： ROOM-TEMPERATURE MAGNETORESISTANCE INTERFACE BARRIERS DIFFUSION

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Exploring the impact of evaluation methods on Global South building design—A case study in Brazil

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Building Simulation 2024年第10期17卷 1871-1891页

作者： Vítor freitas Mendes Alexandre Santana Cruz Adriano Pinto Gomes Júlia Castro Mendes Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Civil(PROPEC) Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto(UFOP).Ouro PretoMinas GeraisCEP 35400-000Brazil Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de Minas Gerais(IFMG)–Campus Santa Luzia.Santa LuziaMinas GeraisCEP 33115-390Brazil Programa de Pós-graduação em Arquitetura(PROARQ) Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro(UFRJ).Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroCEP 21941-972Brazil Área de Desenho e Projeto Instituto Federal de Minas Gerais(IFMG)–campus Ouro Preto.Ouro PretoMinas GeraisCEP 35400-000Brazil Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Civil(PEC) Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora(UFJF).Juiz de ForaMinas GeraisCEP 36036-900Brazil

Energy simulation is a valuable tool for evaluating and improving the thermal performance and energy efficiency of buildings during the design *** evaluation methods are thermal load(TL),degree-hour(DH),and design days(DD).The choice of method and its settings may vary depending on regional factors and researchers’preferences,leading to diverse and often incompatible metrics and ***,this study aims to investigate the influence of these evaluation methods on the assessment of buildings’performance and,consequently,on design *** this purpose,this study compared the results of the 3 evaluation methods and different settings for 3 different wall systems,4 ranges of comfort temperature,and 2 residential models located in the 8 Brazilian bioclimatic *** result,the best and worst wall systems varied depending on the evaluation method and the threshold/setpoint temperature range *** regions showed greater variability in the *** noticed that it is not possible to compare and interpret results from different evaluation methods,and that the variation of only 1℃in the setpoint temperatures can lead to entirely different practices being considered the best for a given building *** conclusion,the most suitable evaluation method is the one that best portrays the operation and dynamic reality of the building to be designed,and building regulations and standards can occasionally lead to unrealistic assessments.

关键词： energy efficiency energy simulation EnergyPlus thermal load degree-hour design days

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Rice spouted bed for manufacturing inclusion complexes of Endopleura uchi L extracts in β-cyclodextrin

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Particuology 2019年第1期17卷 208-215页

作者： L.V.D. freitas A.C.R. Montes E.I.A. Campos E.C. Conceicao L.A. Tacon A.D. Lanchote L.A.P.freitas Faculdade de Ciencias Farmaceuticas de Ribeirao Preto University of Sao PauloVia do Cafe s/n14040-903Ribeirao PretoSPBrazil

Uxi (Endopleura uchi) is a plant from the Brazilian Amazon. It has many biological activities that are attributed to its main active component, bergenin (BG), which has low water solubility. The aim of this work was to obtain β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) inclusion complexes of uxi using lyophilized cooked rice as the solid substrate. The process was studied using a Box–Behnken design with the solution feed rate, molar ratio of β-CD to BG, and rice bed load as factors. These factors greatly affected the product bulk density, angle of repose, water content, and BG content, loss, and water solubility. The optimum process conditions determined using a desirability functions methodology were an extract feed rate of 1 mL/min, a ratio of β-CD to BG of 3:1, and a substrate load of 100 g. The predicted values under the optimum conditions were close to the experimental results of a water content of 5.8%± 0.2%, BG content of 985.7 ± 15.4 μg/g, BG water solubility of 2230.2 ± 21.1 μg/mL, and BG loss of 1.2%± 0.1%. These results confirm that spouted beds are an important tool for rapid, one-step preparation of pharmaceutical β-CD inclusion complexes in a solid form.

关键词： Bergenin Chromatography Yield Active loss Solubility

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Transpiration and growth responses by Eucalyptus species to progressive soil drying

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Journal of Forestry Research 2022年第5期33卷 1529-1543页

作者： Marcel Carvalho Abreu Alvaro Augusto Vieira Soares Cleverson Henrique de freitas Fabrina Bolzan Martins Department of Environment Science Forest InstituteFederal Rural University of Rio de JaneiroSeropédicaRio de Janeiro 23890-000Brazil Institute of Agricultural Sciences Federal University of UberlândiaMonte CarmeloMinas Gerais 38405-302Brazil “Luiz de Queiroz”College of Agriculture University of São PauloPiracicabaSão Paulo 13418-900Brazil Natural Resources Institute Federal University of ItajubáItajubáMinas Gerais 37500-903Brazil

The regulation of plant transpiration is a key factor affecting transpiration efficiency, growth and adaptation of Eucalyptus species to limited water availability in tropical and subtropical environments. However, few studies have related this trait to the performance of Eucalyptus seedlings and none have investigated the influence of vapor pressure deficit (VPD) on transpiration rates and growth. In this study, the transpiration and growth responses of seedlings of Eucalyptus urophylla (S.T. Blake) and Eucalyptus cloeziana (F. Muell.) to progressive soil water deficits were evaluated under semi-controlled conditions using the fraction of transpirable soil water (FTSW) method. In addition, the influence of VPD on seedling transpiration, development and growth was also investigated. The FTSW threshold ranged from 0.40 to 0.99 for the transpiration rate and from 0.32 to 0.97 for the development and growth variables. Little or no changes in the FTSW threshold were detected in response to changes in atmospheric VPD. Both Eucalyptus species presented a conservation strategy under drought stress. In addition, water-conserving mechanisms during the seedling phase were related to rapid stomatal closure, reduced leaf area, and number of leaves.

关键词： Soil water deficit Fraction of transpirable soil water Transpiration Seedling growth Vapor pressure deficit

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1700 nm optical coherence microscopy enables minimally invasive,label-free,in vivo optical biopsy deep in the mouse brain

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Light(Science & Applications) 2021年第8期10卷 1507-1519页

作者： Jun Zhu Hercules Rezende freitas Izumi Maezawa Lee-way Jin Vivek J.Srinivasan Department of Biomedical Engineering University of California DavisDavisCA 95616USA. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of California Davis Medical CenterSacramentoCA 95817USA. Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science School of MedicineUniversity of California DavisSacramentoCA 95817USA. Department of Ophthalmology NYU Langone HealthNew YorkNY 10017USA. Department of Radiology NYU Langone HealthNew YorkNY 10016USA. Tech4Health Institute NYU Langone HealthNew YorkNY 10010USA

In vivo,minimally invasive microscopy in deep cortical and sub-cortical regions of the mouse brain has been *** address this challenge,we present an in vivo high numerical aperture optical coherence microscopy(OCM)approach that fully utilizes the water absorption window around 1700nm;where ballistic attenuation in the brain is *** issues,including detector noise,excess light source noise,chromatic dispersion,and the resolution-speckle tradeoff,are analyzed and *** through a thinned-skull preparation that preserves intracranial space,we present volumetric imaging of cytoarchitecture and myeloarchitecture across the entire depth of the mouse neocortex,and some sub-cortical *** an Alzheimer's disease model,we report that findings in superficial and deep cortical layers diverge,highlighting the importance of deep optical *** to other microscopic techniques,our 1700nm OCM approach achieves a unique combination of intrinsic contrast,minimal invasiveness,and high resolution for deep brain imaging.

关键词： biopsy superficial enable

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Evaluation of functional, autonomic and inflammatory outcomes in children with asthma

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2015年第3期3卷 301-309页

作者： Evelim Leal de freitas Dantas Gomes Dirceu Costa Rehabilitation Sciences Physical Therapy Course University Nove de Julho Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences University Nove de Julho

Asthma is common in childhood. This respiratory disease is characterized by persistent inflammation of the airways even when the child is not in thethroes of an attack. Chronic inflammation is caused by an imbalance between pro-inflammatory and antiinflammatory mechanisms as well as autonomic dysfunction, which plays an important role in the pathogenesis and control of this condition. The impact of these physiopathological aspects leads to inactivity and a sedentary lifestyle, which exerts an influence on functional capacity and control of the disease. The main objective of non-pharmacological therapy is the clinical control of asthma and the minimization of airway obstruction and hyperinflation during an attack. These factors can be controlled with noninvasive ventilation. The aim or the present review was to describe important neural, inflammatory and functional mechanisms that affect children with asthma.

关键词： Asthma Child Continuous positive airway pressure Noninvasive ventilation Autonomic nervous system Functional capacity Inflammatory mechanisms Evaluation

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Effect of physiological integration in self/non-self genotype recognition on the clonal invader Carpobrotus edulis

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2014年第4期7卷 413-418页

作者： Sergio R.Roiloa Susana Rodríguez-Echeverría Helena freitas Department of Life Sciences Centre for Functional EcologyUniversity of CoimbraCalçada Martim de Freitas3001-455 CoimbraPortugal

Aims biological invasions represent one of the most important threats to the conservation of biodiversity;however,the mechanisms underlying successful invaders remain *** of the most aggres-sive invaders show clonal growth,and capacity for clonal integration has been pointed out recently as an important trait explaining the success of invasive *** aim to determine the role of physi-ological integration in the capacity for self/non-self genotype recog-nition in the clonal invader Carpobrotus edulis and the implications of this capacity for the expansion of this aggressive *** We used connected and severed ramets of identical or different gen-otype and we determined the capacity for self/non-self recognition by comparing changes in biomass partitioning to avoid competition for resources between pairs of *** Findings Physiological integration allowed self/non-self genotype recogni-tion in the invader *** showed a significant effect of physiological integration on the biomass allocated to roots by genetically identical ramets:older ramets specialize in acqui-sition of soil-based resources and younger ramets specialize in lateral *** specialization could be considered a form of division of labour,which reduce intra-genotype *** is the first evidence that division of labour could be inter-preted as a form of self/non-self recognition between genetically identical *** for self/non-self discrimination could contribute to increase the colonization capacity of the aggressive invader *** is the first study showing an association between self/non-self recognition and invasiveness in a clonal plant.

关键词： biomass allocation clonal growth plant invasions root recognition

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