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Deletions in the genomes of fifteen inbred mouse lines and their possible implications for fat accumulation

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journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2007年第11期8卷 777-781页

作者： schmitt Armin O. DEMPFLE Astrid BROCKMANN Gudrun A. Institute for Animal Sciences Humboldt-Universitt zu Berlin Invalidenstraβe 42 10115 Berlin Germany Institute for Medical Biometry and Epidemiology Phillips-Universitt Marburg Bunsenstraβe 3 35037 Marburg Germany

Copy number variants (CNVs) are pieces of genomic DNA of 1000 base pairs or longer which occur in a given genome at a different frequency than in a reference genome. Their importance as a source for phenotypic variability has been recognized only in the last couple of years. Chromosomal deletions can be seen as a special case of CNVs where stretches of DNA are missing in certain lines when compared to the reference genome of the mouse line C57BL/6, for example. Based upon more than 8 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the fifteen inbred mouse lines which were determined in a whole genome chip based resequencing project by Perlegen Sciences, we detected 20166 such long chromosomal deletions. They cover altogether between 4.4 million and 8.8 million base pairs, depending on the mouse line. Thus, their extent is comparable to that of SNPs. The chromosomal deletions were found by searching for clusters of missing values in the genotyping data by applying bioinformatics and biostatistical methods. In contrast to isolated missing values, clusters are likely the consequence of missing DNA probe rather than of a failed hybridization or deficient oligos. We analyzed these deletion sites in various ways. Twenty-two percent of these deletion sites overlap with exons; they could therefore affect a gene's functioning. The corresponding genes seem to exist in alternative forms, a phenomenon that reminds of the alternative forms of mRNA generated during gene splicing. We furthermore detected statistically significant association between hundreds of deletion sites and fat weight at the age of eight weeks.

关键词： Copy number variants (CNVs) Chromosomal deletions Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) Resequencing Cluster analysis Association between genotype and phenotype

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Perception of healthcare professionals on patient safety culture and associated factors:a qualitative study using MAXQDA software

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Frontiers of Nursing 2025年第1期12卷 123-132页

作者： Aileen j.Abraham Pushpanjali Krishnappa Frank Federico Department of Allied Health Sciences Faculty of Life and Allied Health SciencesRamaiah University of Applied SciencesBangaloreKarnataka 560056India Department of Public Health Dentistry Ramaiah University of Applied SciencesBangaloreKarnataka 560056India Senior Patient Safety Expert Quality Improvement SpecialistInstitute for Healthcare ImprovementCambridgeMA 02138USA

Objective: Patient safety culture is a concern in every healthcare organization, therefore, the healthcare leadership is encountering issues related to patient safety across the globe. In India, there is limited research and information about patient safety culture among healthcare stakeholders and there is relatively little qualitative research available that captures the factors of patient safety culture. Hence, this study aims to explore the perception of healthcare professionals on patient safety culture. Methods: An exploratory qualitative study design was adopted in a tertiary care hospital. Structured focus group discussion (FGD) (n = 4) among healthcare professionals and two in-depth interview focus groups were audio-recorded and transcribed. Two coders reviewed transcripts using the editing approach and organized codes into themes. The data were analyzed through MAXQDA 2022 (VERBI Software GmbH, Berlin, Germany), qualitative data analysis software, and descriptive analysis technique. The main codes and themes were generated using inductive and deductive method and smart coding was done. Results: Overall, there were 190 unique mentions of codes related to patient safety culture from 4 FGDs. They were categorized into 6 major themes and subcodes were derived via smart coding using the MAXQDA software. “Resources and constraints” was the most prominent code, followed by management support, manpower shortage, burnout, and lack of personnel commitment. Conclusions: The study highlights significant gaps in patient safety culture within the healthcare setting, with resource constraints, management support, and manpower shortages emerging as critical challenges. Burnout and lack of personnel commitment further exacerbate these issues, underscoring the need for targeted interventions.

关键词： focus group discussion healthcare stakeholders patient safety culture qualitative study healthcare leadership

Dexamethasone in coronavirus disease 2019 care:Dosage and utilization insights

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World journal of Virology 2025年第1期14卷 1-4页

作者： Laiba Shamim Imshaal Musharaf Abdulqadir j Nashwan Department of Clinical Medicine Jinnah Sindh Medical UniversityKarachi 75510SindhPakistan Department of Medicine Jinnah Sindh Medical UniversityKarachi 75510SindhPakistan Department of Nursing and Midwifery Research Hamad Medical CorporationDoha 3050Qatar

Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is a contagious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus *** was declared a global pandemic on March 11,2020,by the World Health *** excessive inflammatory response is a severe respiratory manifestation of COVID-19,which becomes predominant in later *** to its immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory properties,dexamethasone is the first systemic glucocorticoid to treat severe COVID-19 *** editorial reviews the efficacy and safety of highdose vs low-dose dexamethasone in patients with *** indicate that using low-dose dexamethasone is beneficial and emphasize the need for additional research on the use of high-dose *** the study provides a robust evidence base,it is limited by the lack of long-term data,focus on specific outcomes and heterogeneity of the included *** research should focus on the long-term effects of dexamethasone and its impact across varying disease severities and patient populations to refine treatment strategies and improve patient care.

关键词： COVID-19 Severe acute respiratory syndrome Corticosteroid Dexamethasone Anti-inflammatory

Decoupled responses of soil microbial diversity and ecosystem functions to successive degeneration processes in alpine pioneer community

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Science China Life Sciences 2025年

作者： Yazhou Zhang j.Aaron Hogan Yaojun Ye Xin Liu Minshu Song jianguo Chen Hang Sun CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences USDA Forest Service International Institute of Tropical Forestry School of Life Sciences Yunnan Normal University School of Ecology and Environment Southwest Forestry University

Many alpine ecosystems are undergoing vegetation degradation because of global changes, which are affecting ecosystem functioning and biodiversity. The ecological consequences of alpine pioneer community degradation have been less studied than glacial retreat or meadow degradation in alpine ecosystems. We document the comprehensive responses of microbial community characteristics to degradation processes using field-based sampling, conduct soil microcosm experiments to simulate the effects of global change on microorganisms, and explore their relationships to ecosystem functioning across stages of alpine pioneer community degradation. Our work provides the first evidence that alpine pioneer community degradation led to declines of 27% in fungal richness, 8% in bacterial richness, and about 50% in endemic microorganisms. As vegetation degraded, key ecosystem functions such as nutrient availability, soil enzymatic activity, microbial biomass, and ecosystem multifunctionality progressively increased. However, soil respiration rate and carbon storage exhibited unbalanced dynamics. Respiration rate increased by 190% during the middle stage of degradation compared with the primary stage, and it decreased by38% in the later stage. This indicates that soil carbon loss or emission increases during the mid-successional stage, whereas in later successional stages, alpine meadows become significant carbon sinks. Compared with microbial community characteristics(such as richness of total and functional taxa, and network complexity), community resistance contributes more significantly to ecosystem ***, the bacterial community resistance is crucial for ecosystem functioning, yet it is greatly impaired by nitrogen addition. Based on microbial network, community assembly, and community resistance analyses, we conclude that fungi are more vulnerable to environmental changes and show smaller contributions to ecosystem functions than bacteria in degrading alpine ecosys

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Laser requirements for a laser fusion energy power plant

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2013年第1期1卷 2-10页

作者： Stephen E.Bodner Andrew j.schmitt john D.Sethian 550 Carolina Meadows Villas Chapel Hill NC 27517United States Plasma Physics Division Naval Research LaboratoryWashington DC 20375United States

We will review some of the requirements for a laser that would be used with a laser fusion energy power plant, including frequency, spatial beam smoothing, bandwidth, temporal pulse shaping, efficiency, repetition rate, and reliability. The lowest risk and optimum approach uses a krypton fluoride gas laser. A diode-pumped solid-state laser is a possible contender.

关键词： laser fusion energy

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Identifying suitable areas for plenter forest management

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Forest Ecosystems 2025年第01期 83-92页

作者： Mathias Leiter Christoph Pucher Michael Kessler Ferdinand H?nigsberger Manfred j.Lexer Harald Vacik Hubert Hasenauer Institute of Silviculture University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) Institute of Forest Engineering University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU)

Plenter forests, also known as uneven-aged or continuous cover forests enhance forest resilience and resistance against disturbances compared to even-aged forests. They are considered as an adaptation option to mitigate climate change effects. In this study, we present a conceptual approach to determine the potentially suitable area for plenter forest management within central European mixed species forests and apply our approach to the case study area in Styria, the south-eastern Province of Austria. The concept is based on ecological and technicaleconomic constraints and considers expected future climate conditions and its impact on plenter forest management. For each 1 ha forest pixel, we assess the ecological conditions for plenter forest management according to the autecological growth conditions of silver fir, and at least one additional shade tolerant tree species. The technical-economic constraints are defined by slope(≤30%) and distance to the next forest road(≤100 m) to ensure cost-efficient harvesting. The results show that under current climate conditions 28.1% or 305,349 ha of the forests in Styria are potentially suitable for plenter forest management. For the years 2071–2100 and under the climate change scenario RCP 4.5, the potential area decreases to 286,098 ha(26.3% of the total forest area)and for the scenario RCP 8.5 to 208,421 ha(19.1% of the total forest area). The main reason for these changes is the unfavourable growing conditions for silver fir in the lowlands, while in the higher elevations silver fir is likely to expand. Our results may serve forest managers to identify areas suitable for plenter forests and assist in the transformation of even-aged pure forests to uneven-aged forests to increase resistance, resilience, and biodiversity under climate change.

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ClpB chaperone as a promising target for antimicrobial therapy: A narrative review

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Asian Pacific journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2025年第1期15卷 1-10,I0001-I0007页

作者： Sachini j.Udari Sayoka Shamodhi Rumesh M.Nelumdeniya Udayana Ranatunga Nimesha N.Senadeera Chathuranga B.Ranaweera Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences Faculty of Allied Health SciencesGeneral Sir John Kotelawala Defence UniversityWerahera10718Sri Lanka Department of Pharmacy Faculty of Allied Health SciencesGeneral Sir John Kotelawala Defence UniversityWerahera10718Sri Lanka Department of Chemistry Faculty of ScienceUniversity of PeradeniyaPeradeniya20400Sri Lanka Department of Zoology and Environment Sciences Faculty of ScienceUniversity of ColomboColombo 0300300Sri Lanka

The Clp/Hsp100 family,part of the ATPase associated with various cellular activities(AAA+)superfamily,includes caseinolytic peptidase B(ClpB),a highly conserved protein found in bacteria,fungi,protozoa,and ***,ClpB is present in all ESKAPE pathogens:Enterococcus faecium,Staphylococcus aureus,Klebsiella pneumoniae,Acinetobacter baumannii,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,and Enterobacter *** plays a crucial role in reactivating and disaggregating proteins,enabling pathogens to survive under host-induced stress and conferring thermotolerance to bacterial *** caused by ESKAPE pathogens are particularly challenging due to their resistance to broad-spectrum antibiotics and biofilm formation,posing a significant global health threat as they are often multidrug-resistant,extensively drug-resistant,and *** its absence in human cells and its essential role in bacterial survival under stress,ClpB is a promising target for antimicrobial *** Hsp100 family proteins could lead to the development of novel antifungal and antiprotozoal *** review explores the function of ClpB in the survival of ESKAPE pathogens and the protozoan Plasmodium *** research findings were compiled using academic databases,and data analysis was performed using Clustal Omega Multiple Sequence Alignment and Boxshade tools.

关键词： Molecular chaperone ClpB ESKAPE pathogens Thermotolerance Heat shock proteins Plasmodium falciparum

Two-plasmon-decay instability stimulated by dual laser beams in inertial confinement fusion

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2025年第1期10卷 48-56页

作者： C.-W.Lian Y.ji R.Yan j.Li L.-F.Wang Y.-K.Ding j.Zheng Department of Modern Mechanics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui 230026China Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Department of Plasma Physics and Fusion Engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics Beijing 100088China

Two-plasmon-decay instability(TPD)poses a critical target preheating risk in direct-drive inertial confinement *** this paper,TPD collectively driven by dual laser beams consisting of a normal-incidence laser beam(Beam-N)and a large-angle-incidence laser beam(Beam-L)is investigated via particle-in-cell *** is found that significant TPD growth can develop in this regime at previously unexpected low laser intensities if the intensity of Beam-L exceeds the large-angle-incidence *** beams contribute to the growth of TPD in a“seed-amplification”manner in which the absolute instability driven by Beam-L provides the seeds that are convectively amplified by Beam-N,making TPD energetically important and causing significant pump depletion and hot-electron generation.

关键词： laser pump decay

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Stress Testing of Liquidity Maturity Transformation Risk in Banks

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Management Studies 2018年第4期6卷 235-251页

作者： Eugenia schmitt FinRiskConsult MunichGermany

One of the main causes of the past crisis was the inability of financial institutions to acquire funding at appropriate *** importance of applying a good liquidity risk measurement system becomes *** present paper provides an approach to the measurement of liquidity maturity transformation risk within a stress testing framework,for middle-sized *** costs of liquidity arising due to a downturn in refinancing conditions are calculated by using modern risk *** forward-looking way is based on a liquidity gap report,where the consideration of the counterbalancing capacity enables to gain an insight into the real liquidity *** measurement of both,the portfolio-value in the respective time bucket and liquidity costs,is *** the expected shortfall can easily be included into the *** results show that by using historical simulation,if no sufficient data are available,expected shortfall delivers an approximate ***,it can serve as an indicator of insurance against extreme *** present approach combines a scenario-based view to a possible distress with a quantitative risk ***,it contributes to the bank’s wide stress testing as required by the regulatory authorities.

关键词： liquidity risk stress testing value at risk expected shortfall funding risk banking historical simulation,spread risk regulatory requirements