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Plasma Science and Technology 2010年第5期12卷 608-613页

作者： I.Y.Y.BU a.j.flewitt W.I.MILINE Department of Microelectronics Engineering National Kaohsiung Marine University Electrical Engineering Division Engineering Department Cambridge University

Deposition of nanocrystalline silicon （nc-Si） on glass at very low temperatures by electron cyclotron resonance （ECR） plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition （PECVD） was investigated. It was shown that nc-Si could be deposited from hydrogen diluted silane gas at a substrate temperature of 80℃ with a crystalline fraction up to 80% and a lateral grain size of around 50 nm. This was achieved by growing the nc-Si in a low pressure regime which ensured that mono-silyl species were the dominant deposition precursor. Furthermore, a high flux of energetic hydrogen ions was required to induce crystallisation of the silicon material through a chemical annealing process.

关键词： low temperature nanocrystalline silicon ECR

Error field penetration in j-TEXT tokamak based on two-fluid drift-MHD model

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第4期33卷 545-551页

作者：王文徐涛张仪 the j-TEXT team State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology International Joint Research Laboratory of Magnetic Confinement Fusion and Plasma PhysicsSchool of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China

An externally generated resonant magnetic perturbation can induce complex non-ideal MHD responses in their resonant *** have studied the plasma responses using Fitzpatrick's improved two-fluid model and program *** calculated the error field penetration threshold for *** addition,we find that the island width increases slightly as the error field amplitude increases when the error field amplitude is below the critical penetration ***,the island width suddenly jumps to a large value because the shielding effect of the plasma against the error field disappears after the *** scanning the natural mode frequency,we find that the shielding effect of the plasma decreases as the natural mode frequency ***,we obtain the m/n=2/1 penetration threshold scaling on density and temperature.

关键词： plasma responses drift-MHD model error field penetration

Storing Freshwater Versus Storing Electricity in Power Systems with High Freshwater Electric Demand

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journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2024年第2期12卷 323-333页

作者： Mubarak j.Al-Mubarak Antonio j.Conejo Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA Department of Electrical Engineering Kuwait UniversityP.O.Box 5969Safat 13060Kuwait Department of Integrated Systems Engineering and the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA IEEE

We consider a power system whose electric demand pertaining to freshwater production is high(high freshwater electric demand),as in the Middle East,and investigate the tradeoff of storing freshwater in tanks versus storing electricity in batteries at the day-ahead operation *** storing freshwater and storing electricity increase the actual electric demand at valley hours and decrease it at peak hours,which is generally beneficial in term of cost and ***,to what extent?We analyze this question considering three power systems with different generation-mix configurations,i.e.,a thermal-dominated mix,a renewable-dominated one,and a fully renewable *** generation-mix configurations are inspired by how power systems may evolve in different countries in the Middle *** production uncertainty is compactly modeled using chance *** draw conclusions on how both storage facilities(freshwater and electricity)complement each other to render an optimal operation of the power system.

关键词： Power system operation freshwater production and transportation coordination day-ahead scheduling

Analysis of ancient mass extinction recoveries in marine environments: generating strategies for managing outcomes of the current mass extinction

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National Science Review 2024年第1期11卷 8-10页

作者： David j.Bottjer Department of Earth Sciences University of Southern California

The defining feature of a mass extinction and its associated recovery is the global amount of extinction that occurred[1]. However, there is finer-scale detail to the story, as seen in the ongoing modern mass extinction(the sixth mass extinction), which exhibits variable effects among marine ecosystems and environments, and hence geographic areas [1].

关键词：

Global weirding at mass extinction horizons

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National Science Review 2024年第1期11卷 10-12页

作者： Gregory j.Retallack Department of Earth Sciences University of Oregon

A strong motivation for studying mass extinctions is understanding how current climatic and biodiversity crises will affect creatures living on land such as ourselves. Perhaps the question is: how bad can it get? In that case, terrestrial Permian-Triassic mass extinctions are an irresistible worst-case scenario [1].

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Modelling of Equilibrium Grain Boundary Solute Segregation under Irradiation

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journal of Materials Science & Technology 2005年第2期21卷 196-200页

作者： ShenhuaSONG R.G.Faulkner P.E.j.flewitt LuqianWENG DivisionofMaterialsScienceandEngineering ShenzhenGraduateSchoolHarbinInstituteofTechnologyShenzhenUniversityTownXiliShenzhen518055China InstituteofPolymerTechnologyandMaterialsEngineering LoughboroughUniversityLoughboroughLeicestershireLEll3TUUK InterfaceAnalysisCentre UniversityofBristolBristolBS28BSUK

Both radiation-induced excess vacancies and solute-interstitials may enhance solute diffusion. The radiation-enhanced solute diffusion promotes the kinetic process of equilibrium segregation. This effect is especially considerable in the low temperature range. As a complement to modelling of radiation-induced non-equilibrium segregation, the radiation-created vacancy and solute-interstitial-accelerated equilibrium grain boundary solute segregation were theoretically treated. The models were applied to phosphorus segregation in α-Fe subjected to neutron irradiation.

关键词： Radiation Point defects Diffusion Grain boundary Segregation

Decoding the genetic program of micronucleus formation: linking chromosomal instability to human disease

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第7期9卷 2840-2842页

作者： jörg Fahrer Division of Food Chemistry and Toxicology Department of ChemistryRPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau67663 KaiserslauternGermany

A recent study by Adams and colleagues published in Nature unveiled more than one hundred genes that are involved in micronucleus formation,1 which is a biomarker for genomic instability and associated with aging,cancer,and other disorders.2 As an outstanding achievement,the authors identified DSCC1(DNA Replication And Sister Chromatid Cohesion 1)as a critical gene protecting against early developmental defects,genomic instability,reduced proliferative capacity,cohesinopathy-related phenotypes,and tumor development in vivo.

关键词： chromosomal linking Replication

Determination of Neutron Irradiation-Induced Phosphorus Segregation on Grain Boundaries in a P-doped 2.25Cr1Mo Steel

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journal of Materials Science & Technology 2004年第1期20卷 81-85页

作者： ShenhuaSONG R.G.Faulkner P.E.j.flewitt DongdongSHEN jingLIU ZexiYUAN SchoolofMaterialsandMetallurgy WuhanUniversityofScienceandTechnologyWuhan430081China InstituteofPolymerTechnologyandMaterialsEngineering LoughboroughUniversityLoughboroughLeicestershireLEll3TUUK BerkeleyCentre BNFLMagnoxGenerationBerkeleyGloucestershireGL139PBUK

Irradiation-induced impurity segregation to grain boundaries is one of the important radiation effects on materials. For this reason, phosphorus segregation to prior austenite grain boundaries in a P-doped 2.25Cr1Mo steel subjected to neutron irradiation is examined using field emission gun scanning transmission electron microscopy (FEGSTEM) with energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX). The steel samples are irradiated around 270 and 400℃, respectively. The irradiation dose rate and dose are -1.05×10-8 dpa/s and -0.042 dpa respectively for 270℃ irradiation, and 1.7×10-8 dpa/s and 0.13 dpa respectively for 400℃ irradiation. The FEGSTEM results indicate that there is no apparent phosphorus segregation during 270℃ irradiation but there is some during 400℃ irradiation.

关键词： Neutron irradiation Segregation Grain boundary Phosphorus

Necrotic enteritis and antibiotic-free production of broiler chickens:Challenges in testing and using alternative products

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第01期16卷 288-298页

作者： Robert j.Moore School of Science RMIT University

The global trend towards raising broiler chickens without the use of in-feed antibiotics(IFAs) means that there is an ongoing need to develop alternative treatments capable of delivering the benefits that IFAs previously provided. IFAs supported the productivity performance of chickens and played a key role in maintaining their health. Necrotic enteritis(NE) is an important disease of broilers that affects health,productivity, and welfare, and was previously well controlled by IFAs. However, with the reduction in IFA use, NE is resurgent in some countries. Vaccines and various feed additives, including pre-, pro-, and postbiotics, phytobiotics, fatty acids, and phage therapies have been introduced as alternative methods of NE control. While some of these feed additives have specific activity against the NE pathogen, Clostridium perfringens, most have the more general goal of reinforcing gut health. Extensive reviews of the effects of many of these feed additives on gut health have been published recently. Hence, rather than cover previously well reviewed areas of research this review focuses on the challenges and pitfalls in undertaking experimental assessment of alternative NE treatments and translating laboratory research to real world commercial production settings. The review is based on the author's particular experience,reading, thoughts, and analysis of the available information and inevitably presents a particular understanding that is likely to be at odds with others thinking on these issues. It is put forward to stimulate thinking and discussion on the issues covered.

关键词： Necrotic enteritis Clostridium perfringens Vaccines Feed additive Farm management

Are hydrides under high-pressure-high-temperature superconductors?

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National Science Review 2024年第7期11卷 9-12页

作者： j.E.Hirsch Department of Physics University of California

Contrary to the current consensus, I argue that the existing evidence for high-temperature superconductivity in hydrides under high pressure is not compelling. I suggest that the focus of the field should urgently shift to establish unequivocally experimentally whether or not superconductivity in pressurized hydrides exists, instead of continuing to search for new materials that might show elusive signals of unproven superconductivity at ever higher temperatures. The implications of a negative finding for the theoretical understanding of superconductivity are discussed.

关键词： Hydrides