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AGRONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS OF REINTRODUCING HERB-AND LEGUME-RICH MULTISPECIES LEYS INTO ARABLE ROTATIONS:A REVIEW

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2022年第2期9卷 245-271页

作者： Emily C.COOLEDGE David R.chadwick Lydia M.j.SMITH jonathan R.LEAKE Davey L.jONES School of Natural Sciences Bangor UniversityGwyneddLL572UWUK National Institute of Agricultural Botany Huntingdon RoadCambridgeCB 3 OLEUK Plants Photosynthesis and SoilUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldS102TNUK Centre for Sustainable Farming Systems Food Futures InstituteMurdochWA 6150Australia

Agricultural intensification and the subsequent decline of mixed farming systems has led to an increase in continuous cropping with only a few fallow or break years,undermining global soil health.Arable-ley rotations incorporating temporary pastures(leys) lasting 1–4 years may alleviate soil degradation by building soil fertility and improving soil structure.However,the majority of previous research on arable-ley rotations has utilized either grass or grassclover leys within ungrazed systems.Multispecies leys,containing a mix of grasses,legumes,and herbs,are rapidly gaining popularity due to their promotion in agri-environment schemes and potential to deliver greater ecosystem services than conventional grass or grass-clover leys.Livestock grazing in arable-ley rotations may increase the economic resilience of these systems,despite limited research of the effects of multispecies leys on ruminant health and greenhouse gas emissions.This review aims to evaluate previous research on multispecies leys,highlighting areas for future research and the potential benefits and disbenefits on soil quality and livestock productivity.The botanical composition of multispecies leys is crucial,as legumes,deep rooted perennial plants(e.g.,Onobrychis viciifolia and Cichorium intybus) and herbs(e.g.,Plantago lanceolata) can increase soil carbon,improve soil structure,reduce nitrogen fertilizer requirements,and promote the recovery of soil fauna(e.g.,earthworms) in degraded arable soils while delivering additional environmental benefits(e.g.,biological nitrification inhibition and enteric methane reduction).Multispecies leys have the potential to deliver biologically driven regenerative agriculture,but more long-term research is needed to underpin evidence-based policy and farmer guidance.

关键词： bioactive forages integrated crop-livestock systems nitrogen cycling plant secondary metabolites soil carbon soil quality

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Individual variation in ballooning dispersal by black widow spiderlings： The effects of family and social rearing

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Current Zoology 2015年第3期61卷 520-528页

作者： j. chadwick jOHNSON Rebecca HALPIN Dale STEVENS II Annika VANNAN jesse LAM Katie BRATSCH School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences (2352) Arizona State University at the West Campus Glendale AZ 85306 USA

Individual behavioral variation is ubiquitous across taxa and important to understand if we wish to fully use behavioral data to understand the ecology and evolution of organisms. Only recently have studies of individual variation in dispersal behavior become a focus of research. A better understanding of individual variation in dispersal behavior is likely to improve our understanding of population dynamics. In particular, the dynamics of critically small populations (endangered species) and large populations (pest species) may be driven by unique dispersal variants. Here we documented individual variation in the ballooning dispersal behavior of Western black widow spiderlings Latrodectus hesperus, an urban pest species found in superabundant infestations throughout cities of the desert Southwest USA. We found a great deal of family-level variation in ballooning dispersal, and this variation was highly consistent (repeatable) across time. Maternal egg investment was a poor predictor of this ballooning dispersal. Instead, we show that spiderlings reared in isolation are significantly slower to disperse than spiderlings raised in a more natural setting surrounded by full siblings. Thus, our study examines a widespread but poorly understood dispersal behavior (ballooning), and suggests urban pest population dynamics are likely driven by the interaction of variation in individuals, families and social environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

关键词：个体差异社会环境家庭环境分散蜘蛛气球扩散行为教养

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Contemporary use of sentinel lymph node biopsy in the head and neck

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World journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2016年第2期2卷 -页

作者： Nolan B. Seim chadwick L. Wright Amit Agrawal a Department of 0tolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute The 0hio State University Wexner Medical Center 4000 Eye and Ear Institute 915 0lentangy River Road Columbus 0H 43210 USA Wright Center of Innovation in Biomedical Imaging Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Department of Radiology The 0hio State University Wexner Medical Center 395 W 12th Avenue Rm. 430 Columbus 0H 43210 USA

Sentinel lymph node biopsy has become a well-established and commonplace practice in many oncologic disease sites as a means to stage the regional lymphatics, avoid unnecessary surgery and decrease patient morbidity. In the head and neck, its role is well established for cutaneous melanoma with proven fidelity and survival benefit. Its role in use for other sites such as oral cavity carcinoma continues to develop with promising results from several recent trials. Although not widely adopted, the potential benefits of sentinel lymph node biopsy in the management of oral cavity carcinoma are apparent. Refinements in technology and protocols including development of novel radiopharmaceutical tracers, routine incorporation of detailed anatomic imaging, increasing surgeon experience and development of new intraoperative identification aids will likely lead to improvements in the use and accuracy of this technique.

关键词： Oral cavity cancer Sentinel lymph node Head and neck cancer Squamous cell carcinoma Lymphoscintigraphy

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REINTEGRATION OF CROP-LIVESTOCK SYSTEMS IN EUROPE:AN OVERVIEW

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2021年第1期8卷 111-129页

作者： Antonius G.T.SCHUT Emily C.COOLEDGE Marc MORAINE Gerrie W.j.VAN DE VEN Davey L.jONES David R.chadwick Plant Production Systems Wageningen University6700 AK Wageningenthe Netherlands School of Natural Sciences Bangor UniversityGwyneddLL572UWUK UMR 0951 INNOVATION French National Institute for AgricultureFood and Environment(INRAE)MontpellierFrance SoilsWest UWA School of Agriculture and EnvironmentThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWA 6009Australia Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin Southwest UniversityChongqing 400715China

Ongoing specialization of crop and livestock systems provides socioeconomic benefits to the farmer but has led to greater externalization of environmental costs when compared to mixed farming systems.Better integration of crop and livestock systems offers great potential to rebalance the economic and environmental trade-offs in both systems.The aims of this study were to analyze changes in farm structure and review and evaluate the potential for reintegrating specialized intensive crop and livestock systems,with specific emphasis on identifying the co-benefits and barriers to reintegration.Historically,animals were essential to recycle nutrients in the farming system but this became less important with the availability of synthetic fertilisers.Although mixed farm systems can be economically attractive,benefits of scale combined with socio-economic factors have resulted in on-farm and regional specialization with negative environmental impacts.Reintegration is therefore needed to reduce nutrient surpluses at farm,regional and national levels,and to improve soil quality in intensive cropping systems.Reintegration offers practical and cost-effective options to widen crop rotations and promotes the use of organic inputs and associated benefits,reducing dependency on synthetic fertilisers,biocides and manure processing costs.Circular agriculture goes beyond manure management and requires adaptation of both food production and consumption patterns,matching local capacity to produce with food demand.Consequently,feed transport,greenhouse gas emissions,nutrient surpluses and nutrient losses to the environment can be reduced.It is concluded that reintegration of specialized farms within a region can provide benefits to farmers but may also lead to further intensification of land use.New approaches within a food system context offer alternatives for reintegration,but require strong policy incentives which show clear,tangible and lasting benefits for farmers,the environment and the wider community.

关键词： circular agriculture coupled farming systems mixed farming specialised farming systems GHG

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Xe对NO(X)微分截面和非弹性散射中的碰撞诱导旋转准直

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Chinese journal of Chemical Physics 2020年第2期33卷 217-233,I0003,J0001-J0017页

作者： Mark Brouard Helen chadwick Sean D.S.Gordon Cornelia GHeid Balazs Hornung Bethan Nichols jacek Klos Pablo Gjambrina Fjavier Aoiz 英国牛津大学化学系牛津OX13TA 美国马里兰大学化学与生物化学系马里兰州20742 西班牙萨拉曼卡大学化学科学学院物理化学系萨拉曼卡西班牙康普顿斯大学化学学院物理化学系马德里28040 Department of Chemistry Swansea UniversitySingleton ParkSwanseaSA28PPUK OneSwitch Technologies Batiment CEPFL Innovation Park1015 LausanneSwitzerland intellisense.io 60 Station RoadCambridgeCB12JHUK 400 Vermont Ave Moss BeachCA 94038USA

本文对NO(X)-Xe碰撞系统在碰撞能量为519 cm^-1,测量了完全?-双峰分解的微分截面和碰撞引起的旋转准直力矩.同时结合初始量子态选择,使用六极杆的非均质电场,借助量子态分辨的测量,利用(1+1')共振增强的多光子电离和速度离子成像.结果显... 详细信息

本文对NO(X)-Xe碰撞系统在碰撞能量为519 cm^-1,测量了完全?-双峰分解的微分截面和碰撞引起的旋转准直力矩.同时结合初始量子态选择,使用六极杆的非均质电场,借助量子态分辨的测量,利用(1+1')共振增强的多光子电离和速度离子成像.结果显示,微分截面以及偏振相关的微分截面均显示与从头算势能面上进行的量子力学散射计算[j.Klos etal.j.Chem.Phys.137,014312(2012)]一致.通过与准经典轨迹、硬壳势能的量子力学散射以及运动近端模型的比较,评估了势能对所测微分截面和碰撞引起的旋转准直力矩的影响.

关键词：化学物理反应动力学非弹性散射

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露天矿采场内破碎降低运输费用

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金属矿山 1984年第1期 51-52+44页

作者： j. R. chadwick 周志华

采场内破碎与安装在采场外、由汽车供料的固定式破碎机的采场外破碎比较,可大大减少生产费用。

关键词：破碎机汽车供料弗斯阿里斯粗碎机露天矿矿山采场皮带机系统破碎系统

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沙姆瓦金矿开采质量不均矿体的品位控制

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国外金属矿采矿 1982年第4期 7-9页

作者： j.R.chadwick 李博美国

目前,津巴布韦每年产黄金近40万盎司,产自大约280个采金企业,其中250多个矿是雇佣工人不到20名的小矿,其余企业规模要大些,但仍都属于小型矿山。最大的金矿是达莱矿(Dalay mine)。

关键词：溜矿井采场矿体矿石品位沙姆矿槽金矿金属矿物

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雌、雄草原田鼠外周骨骼肌肌球蛋白重链的表达(英文)

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动物学报 2008年第1期54卷 104-110页

作者： Andrew C. FRY Michael H. FERKIN Brian K. SCHILLING Stuart T. LEONARD Matthew P. HARBER Martyn R. RUBIN j. chadwick SMITH Department of Health Sport & Exercise Sciences The University of Kansas Lawrence KS 66045 USA Department of Biology The University of Memphis Memphis TN 38152 USA Department of Health and Sport Sciences The University of Memphis Memphis TN 38152 USA

已往的研究对于实验室应用的各种啮齿类动物,如大鼠和小鼠骨骼肌蛋白表达的特性已有报道。然而,至今不清楚其它啮齿类动物如野生鼠骨骼肌蛋白的表达或性双态性的特征,而这些野生鼠的行为学、形态学及生理学特点均已有报道。已知骨骼肌... 详细信息

已往的研究对于实验室应用的各种啮齿类动物,如大鼠和小鼠骨骼肌蛋白表达的特性已有报道。然而,至今不清楚其它啮齿类动物如野生鼠骨骼肌蛋白的表达或性双态性的特征,而这些野生鼠的行为学、形态学及生理学特点均已有报道。已知骨骼肌的肌球蛋白重链( MHC)成分与其功能特性有关。我们研究了草原田鼠的肱三头肌、胫骨前肌、腓肠肌和比目鱼肌MHC蛋白表达的性别特性。应用SDS聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法测定MHCⅠ型、Ⅱa型、Ⅱd/x和Ⅱb型的蛋白表达相对含量。结果表明:与雌鼠相比,雄鼠的比目鱼肌湿重较大,胫骨前肌的MHCⅡa蛋白量表达较高。未见骨骼肌重量及MHC蛋白表达含量在雌雄鼠间的性别差异。血中睾酮的浓度差异可能不影响外周骨骼肌蛋白的表达特性。然而,与过去在大鼠、兔和小鼠中的已报道的结果相比,草原田鼠骨骼肌MHC的表达显示了更多异质性。推测这可能与草原田鼠和其它小型哺乳类动物生存的自然环境和功能需要有关。

关键词：性二态性骨骼肌蛋白同分异构性别

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