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Anisotropic transport of microalgae Chlorella vulgaris in microfluidic channel

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Chinese Physics B 2017年第8期26卷 511-520页

作者： Nur Izzati ishak S V Muniandy Vengadesh Periasamy Fong-Lee Ng Siew-Moi Phang Plasma Technology Research Center Department of PhysicsUniversity of MalayaKuala Lumpur 50603Malaysia Center for Theoretical Physics Department of PhysicsUniversity of MalayaKuala Lumpur 50603Malaysia Low Dimensional Materials Research Center Department of PhysicsUniversity of MalayaKuala Lumpur 50603Malaysia Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences University of MalayaKuala Lumpur 50603Malaysia

In this work, we study the regional dependence of transport behavior of microalgae Chlorella vulgaris inside microflu- idic channel on applied fluid flow rate. The microalgae are treated as spherical naturally buoyant particles. Deviation from the normal diffusion or Brownian transport is characterized based on the scaling behavior of the mean square displacement （MSD） of the particle trajectories by resolving the displacements in the streamwise （flow） and perpendicular directions. The channel is divided into three different flow regions, namely center region of the channel and two near-wall boundaries and the particle motions are analyzed at different flow rates. We use the scaled Brownian motion to model the transitional characteristics in the scaling behavior of the MSDs. We find that there exist anisotropic anomalous transports in all the three flow regions with mixed sub-diffusive, normal and super-diffusive behavior in both longitudinal and transverse directions.

关键词： Brownian motion anomalous transport scaled Brownian motion microfluidic Chlorella vulgaris

Asymmetrical Multi-level DC-link Inverter for PV Energy System with Perturb and Observe Based Voltage Regulator and Capacitor Compensator

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2021年第1期9卷 199-209页

作者： Muhammad Najwan Hamidi Dahaman ishak Muhammad Ammirrul Atiqi Mohd Zainuri Chia Ai Ooi Tarmizi Tarmizi the School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Universiti Sains MalaysiaNi-bong TebalMalaysia the Department of Electrical Electronic and System EngineeringUniversiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaBangiMalaysia the Department of Electrical Engineering University Syiah KualaBanda AcehIndonesia

In this paper, a perturb and observe(P&O) based voltage regulator(POVR) and a capacitor compensator(CC)circuit are proposed for the implementation on 31-level asymmetrical switch-diode based multi-level DC-link(MLDCL) inverter. Since the application of MLDCL in a standalone photovoltaic(PV) system requires constant DC voltages from PV panels, the POVR strategy is deployed to regulate the voltage along with the capability to deliver the maximum power at full *** DC-DC converters are used as the interface between the panels and the inverter for the POVR operation. The results show that POVR is capable of achieving the desired fixed DC voltages even under varying environmental and load conditions,with a steady 230 V at the output. At full load, the standalone system successfully delivers 97.21% of the theoretical maximum power. Additionally, CC is incorporated to mitigate voltage spikes at the output when supplying power to inductive *** successfully eliminates the spikes and also reduces the total harmonic distortion(THD) of output current and voltage from more than 10% to less than 5%, as recommended in IEEE 519 standard.

关键词： Multi-level inverter photovoltaic(PV)system maximum power point voltage regulator capacitor compensator(CC)

Vertex angles effects in the energy absorption of axially crushed kenaf fibre-epoxy reinforced elliptical composite cones

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2018年第4期14卷 327-335页

作者： Mohamed Alkateb S.M.Sapuan Z.Leman M.R.ishak Mohammad Jawaid Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering Universiti Putra Malaysia Laboratory of Bio Composite Technology Institute of Tropical Forestry and Research Products (INTROP)Universiti Putra Malaysia Aerospace Manufacturing Research Centre (AMRC) Universiti Putra Malaysia Departments of Aerospace Engineering Universiti Putra Malaysia

Experimental quasi-static crushing tests were conducted by using a universal testing machine format kenaf-epoxy composite elliptical cones. The work focused on the vertex angle's effects on energy absorption capability; the vertex angles vary from 0° to 24° in 6 increments. The failure modes of the kenaf fibre epoxy composite elliptical cones were observed utilising delegate photos taken during the quasistatic crushing test. Load-deformation curves and deformation histories of typical specimens are presented and discussed. Moreover, the effects of cone vertex angles on the load carrying capacity and the energy absorption capability are also discussed. The results show that the energy absorption abilities significantly influence the ellipticity vertex angle as the load carrying capacity. We concluded that the quasi-static axial crushing behaviour of elliptical mat laminated composite cones is strongly affected by their structural geometry and the specific energy absorbed by the composite elliptical cones with vertex angles of 6°, 12°, 18°, and 24°, which is more than an elliptical cone with the vertex angle of 0°(the elliptical tube) at any given deformation. However, the specific energy absorption for the elliptical composite cone showed a positive correlation, i.e., the more the angle increased, the more energy was absorbed. In this regard, an elliptical composite cone with a 24° angle exhibited the best energy absorption capability.

关键词： Kenaf fibres Composite materials Elliptical cone Vertex angle Collapsible Energy absorption

Detection of Low Sugar Concentration Solution Using Frequency Selective Surface (FSS)

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第5期71卷 2869-2882页

作者： N.S.ishak F.C.Seman N.Zainal N.A.Awang Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Universiti Tun Hussein Onn MalaysiaParit RajaBatu Pahat86400Malaysia Research Center for Applied Electromagnetics(EMcenter) The Institute of Integrated EngineeringUniversiti Tun Hussein Onn MalaysiaParit RajaBatu Pahat86400Malaysia Microelectronic and Nanotechnology-Shamsuddin Research Centre(MiNT-SRC) The Institute of Integrated EngineeringUniversiti Tun Hussein OnnParit RajaBatu Pahat86400Malaysia Photonics Devices and Sensor Research(PDSR) Faculty of Applied Science and Technology(FAST)Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia(Pagoh Campus)JorakBukit Pasir84500Malaysia

Sugar is important in daily food intake since it is used as food preservative and ***,is important to analyze the influence of sugar on the spectroscopic properties of the *** spectroscopy is proven to be useful and an efficient method for sugar detection as well as for future food quality ***,the lack of detection sensitivity in Terahertz Spectroscopy has prevented it from being used in a widespread spectroscopic analysis *** this paper,Frequency Selective Surface(FSS)using the Terahertz Spectroscopy Time Domain Spectrum(THz-TDS)which operates at terahertz frequency range has been demonstrated for application of sugar *** FSS is designed with a circle slot structure and has been optimized in line with the molecular resonance of glucose and fructose at different level concentration at 1.98 THz and 1.80 THz,*** magnitude of glucose and sucrose is inversely proportional with the level of sugar *** realization of the FSS structure is using electron beam lithography and wet etching *** show that the FSS performance for glucose and sucrose reveal fair shifts in measured transmission magnitude from its original in CST by approximately 30%.The use of fabricated FSS with circle structure indicates that the concentration can be improved averagely at 25%for glucose and 13%for ***,it shows that the FSS circle structure combined with THz-TDS has the potential to become an alternative method for food sensing technology in the future.

关键词： THz sensing FSS circle structure sugar concentration

Colour vision to determine paddy maturity

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2014年第5期7卷 55-63页

作者： Choe Lip Haw Wan ishak Wan Ismail Siti Kairunniza-Bejo Adam Putih Ramin Shamshiri Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering Universiti Putra MalaysiaSerdangSelangorMalaysia Faculty of Agriculture Universiti Putra MalaysiaSerdangSelangorMalaysia

Quality of harvested rice and its production are influenced by the timing of *** at the right stage gives the best yield and *** purpose of this research was to determine the best time for harvesting by using image processing *** such as weight of florets,hue colour of florets,and hue colour of flag leaf were tested in the *** trends of changes were observed in the process of maturity until the harvesting *** Malaysia Rice(MR)variety 219,the corresponding hue value for florets maturation is 32.3°±2°.In the period of maturity,the florets’hue value decreased from green to yellow and then remained constant at 32°.The maturity process proceeded gradually from the florets at the outermost spikelet to florets at the basal *** at the basal part were matured seven days later than the florets at the terminal *** show that the colour changes of the leaf were uneven and hence did not give a good correlation with *** was observed that the weight for a matured floret increased rapidly towards maturity,but remained constant after it reached the mature *** were some losses in weight due to the decrease of moisture contents in ***,it was concluded that the maturity of paddy can be observed through the colour and weight of *** MR219 mature floret has the hue colour of 32.3°±2°,and the mature floret can weigh up to 31.25 mg.

关键词： paddy maturity colour vision hue paddy morphology grain Oryza Sativa

Physical and damping properties of kenaf fibre filled natural rubber/thermoplastic polyurethane composites

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2020年第1期16卷 29-34页

作者： A.M.Noor Azammi S.M.Sapuan Mohamad R.ishak Mohamed T.H.Sultan Advanced Engineering Materials and Composite Research Centre(AEMC) Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing EngineeringUniversity Putra Malaysia43400UPM SerdangSelangorMalaysia Automotive Engineering Technology Section Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysian France Institute(UniKL-MFI)43650Bandar BaruBangiSelangorMalaysia Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products(INTROP)Universiti Putra Malaysia43400UPM SerdangSelangorMalaysia Department of Aerospace Engineering Universiti Putra Malaysia43400UPM SerdangSelangorMalaysia

The paper presents the investigation of the effect of alkaline treatment of sodium hydroxide(NaOH) on physical and dynamic mechanical analysis(DMA) viscoelastic properties of kenaf fibre filled natural rubber(NR)/thermoplastic polyurethane(TPU) *** treated kenaf fiber,NR and TPU were weighed and proportioned according to the required compositions and were blended using hot mixed Brabender *** polymer composites were then fabricated using the hot press to form a sample *** sample was cut and prepared and water absorption,density,thickness swelling and DMA tests were *** far as physical properties are concerned,composites with the highest NR amount of shows the best results,which indicates good fiber bonding *** polymer composites with the highest amount of TPU shows the highest damping properties at high temperature.

关键词： Kenaf fiber Alkaline treatment Thermoplastic polyurethane Natural rubber Dynamic mechanical analysis

Ternary phase behavior of water microemulsified diesel-palm biodiesel

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Frontiers in Energy 2015年第2期9卷 162-169页

作者： Nurul Atiqah Izzati MD ishak lsmail Ab RAMAN Mohd Ambar YARMO Wan Mohd Faizal WAN MAHMOOD School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology Faculty of Scienceand Technology Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia UKM Bangi 43600Malaysia Advanced Oleochemical Technology Division (AOTD) MalaysianPalm Oil Board (MPOB) 6 Persiaran Institusi Bandar Baru BangiKajang 43000 Malaysia Department of Mechanical and Material Engineering Faculty ofEngineering and Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaUKM Bangi 43600 Malaysia

This paper aims to develop a new microemul- sions system comprising diesel and palm oil methyl ester （PME） that have the potential to be used as alternative fuels for diesel engines. The water-in-diesel-biodiesel micro- emulsions were prepared by applying PME mixed with diesel, non-ionic surfactants, co-surfaetants and water to make the water-in-oil （W/O） microemulsion system. This microemulsified fuel was achieved through low-energy microemulsification by using the constant composition method. The diesel used was mixed with four different concentrations of PME, i.e., 10% （w/w）（B10）, 20% （w/w）（B20）, 30% （w/w）（B30） and neat diesel （B0）. The amount of water was fixed at 20% （w/w）. The phase behavior of the water/mixed non-ionic surfactant/diesel-PME system were studied by constructing pseudoternary phase diagrams with the goal of formulating optimized systems. The results showed that the microemulsions were formed and stabilized with a mixture of non-ionic surfactants at a weight ratio of 80：20 at 20% （w/w）, and with mixed co-surfactants at a weight ratio of 25：75, 20：80 and 10：90 for B0, B10, B20 and B30 respectively. The particle size, kinematic viscosity at 40℃, refractive index, density, heating value, cloud point, pour pointand flash point of the selected water-in-diesel microemulsion were 19.40 nm （polydispersity of 0.012）, 12.86mm^2/s, 1.435, 0.8913g/mL, 31.87MJ/kg, 7.15℃, 10.5℃ and 46.5℃ respectively. The corresponding values of the water-in-diesel@ME selected were 20.72nm to 23.74nm, 13.02mme/s to 13.29mmZ/s, 1.442, 0.8939g/mL to 0.8990g/mL, 31.45MJ/kg to 27.34 MJ/kg, 7.2℃ to 6.8℃, 8.5℃ to 1.5℃ and 47.5℃ to 52.0℃. These preliminary findings were further studied as potential fuels for diesel engines.

关键词： palm methyl ester palm oil biodiesel micro-emulsion water mieroemulsified fuels

Kinematics analysis for five DOF Fresh Fruit Bunch harvester

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2010年第3期3卷 1-7页

作者： Helena Anusia James Jayaselan Wan ishak Wan Ismail Department of Biology and Agriculture Faculty of EngineeringUniversiti Putra Malaysia43400 SerdangSelangor Darul EhsanMalaysia

The existing mechanized oil palm harvester is claimed to be unsuccessful due to its inefficiency to harvest Fresh Fruit Bunch(FFB).It takes a lot of time compared to the conventional harvesting method,using human *** a study was carried out using Denavit and Hartenberg(D-H)approach to automate the five Degrees of Freedom(DOF)harvester *** general objective was to reduce the number of workers required for harvesting as well as to provide comfortable ergonomic for the operator of oil palm *** D-H’s convention was used for selecting frames of reference in robotics application which has become the standard way of representing robots and modeling their *** this study,the forward kinematics and inverse kinematics were used to deduce joint angles variables while the conventional Jacobian was used for motion velocity *** formulated inverse equations were tested manually on the harvester with given locations to obtain deduced joint *** results were θ_(1)=129.64°,θ_(3)=180°,θ_(4)=90°,which were quite ***,the kinematics analysis of harvester arm automation was done successfully.

关键词： kinematics Degrees of Freedom harvesters manipulators denavit and hartenberg Fresh Fruit Bunch

Conceptual design of automobile engine rubber mounting composite using TRIZ-Morphological chart-analytic network process technique

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2018年第4期14卷 268-277页

作者： A.M.Noor Azammi S.M.Sapuan M.R.ishak Mohamed T.H.Sultan Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering University Putra Malaysia43400SerdangSelangorMalaysia Automotive Engineering Technology Section UniKL-MFI43650B.B.BangiSelangorMalaysia Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products(INTROP)Universiti Putra Malaysia43400UPM SerdangSelangorMalaysia Department of Aerospace Engineering Universiti Putra Malaysia43400UPM SerdangSelangorMalaysia

An engine rubber mounting is one of the important parts of a vehicle. It is a function to isolate or absorb and to reduce vibration to the vehicle body thus to the passenger itself. Due to the engine compartments environment such as heat and massive vibration due to road conditions, the engine rubber mountings lifespan has been reduced. Thus several studies have been conducted to upgrade the material lifespan to make it more reliable and better engine mounting components. This paper presents the conceptual design of kenaf fiber polymer as automotive engine rubber mounting composites using the integration of Theory of Inventive Problem Solving(TRIZ). In this early stage, the solution is generated using 40 inventive principles and TRIZ contradiction method. The solution parameter for the specific design character is the selected using the morphological chart to develop a systematic conceptual design for the component. Four(4) innovative design concepts were produced and Analytic Network Process(ANP)methods were utilized to perform the multi-criteria decision-making process of selecting the best concept design for the polymer composite engine rubber mounting component.

关键词： TRIZ ANP Morphological Automotive composites component Engine rubber composite mounting