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Long-Term Trends of Carbon Monoxide Total Columnar Amount in Urban Areas and Background Regions:Ground-and Satellite-based Spectroscopic Measurements

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2018年第7期35卷 785-795页

作者： Pucai WANG N.F.ELANSKY Yu.M.TiMOFEEV Gengchen WANG G.S.GOLiTSYN M.V.MAKAROVA V.S.RAKiTiN Yu.SHTABKiN a.i.skorokhod E.i.GRECHKO E.V.FOKEEVA A.N.SAFRONOV Liang RAN Ting WANG LAGEO Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China A.M.Obukhov institute of Atmospheric Physics Russian Academy of SciencesMoscow 119017Russia St.Petersburg State University Saint-Petersburg 198904Russia

A comparative study was carried out to explore carbon monoxide total columnar amount（CO TC） in background and polluted atmosphere, including the stations of ZSS（Zvenigorod）, ZOTTO（Central Siberia）, Peterhof, Beijing, and Moscow,during 1998–2014, on the basis of ground-and satellite-based spectroscopic measurements. interannual variations of CO TC in different regions of Eurasia were obtained from ground-based spectroscopic observations, combined with satellite data from the sensors MOPiTT（2001–14）, AiRS（2003–14）, and iASi Met Op-A（2010–13）. A decreasing trend in CO TC（1998–2014） was found at the urban site of Beijing, where CO TC decreased by 1.14% ± 0.87% yr^（-1）. Meanwhile, at the Moscow site, CO TC decreased remarkably by 3.73% ± 0.39% yr^（-1）. in the background regions（ZSS, ZOTTO, Peterhof）, the reduction was 0.9%–1.7% yr^（-1） during the same period. Based on the AiRSv6 satellite data for the period 2003–14, a slight decrease（0.4%–0.6% yr^（-1）） of CO TC was detected over the midlatitudes of Eurasia, while a reduction of 0.9%–1.2% yr^（-1） was found in Southeast Asia. The degree of correlation between the CO TC derived from satellite products（MOPiTTv6 Joint, AiRSv6 and iASi Met Op-A） and ground-based measurements was calculated, revealing significant correlation in unpolluted *** in polluted areas, iASi Met Op-A and AiRSv6 data underestimated CO TC by a factor of 1.5–2.8. On average, the correlation coefficient between ground-and satellite-based data increased significantly for cases with PBL heights greater than 500 m.

关键词： carbon monoxide trend spectroscopic measurement MOPiTT AiRS iASi

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induction of oxidative stress in human aqueous and vitreous humors by Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy

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international Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2018年第7期11卷 1145-1151页

作者： Loredana BergANDi Oleksii A skorokhod Federica Franzone Rosalba La Grotta Evelin Schwarzer Raffaele Nuzzi Department of Oncology University of Torino Department of Molecular Biosciences the Wenner-Gren Institute Stockholm University Eye Clinic Section and Specialization School in Ophthalmology Department of Surgical Sciences University of Torino

AiM： To evaluate whether the Q-switched Nd：YAG laser treatment applied in routine capsulotomy elicits oxidative stress in aqueous and vitreous humors. METHODS： Thirty-six patients who had to undergo a 25 gauge pars plana vitrectomy due to vitreoretinal disorders were enrolled, 15 of them underwent a Q-switched Nd：YAG laser capsulotomy 7 d before vitrectomy due to posterior capsule opacification（PCO）（Nd：YAG laser group） while the remaining 21 patients were not laser treated before vitrectomy（no Nd：YAG laser group）. Samples of the aqueous and vitreous humors were collected during vitrectomy from all patients for the assessment of oxidative parameters which were compared between the Nd：YAG laser group and no Nd：YAG laser group. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances（TBARS）, a product of membrane lipid peroxidation, nitrite levels, the antioxidative activities of SOD and catalase, the 4-HNE-protein conjugate formation, indicating structural modifications in proteins due to lipoperoxidation, were assessed in aqueous and vitreous samples. RESULTS： in the human vitreous humor TBARS levels are significantly higher in the Nd：YAG laser group compared to the no Nd：YAG laser group and importantly, there is a significant correlation between the TBARS levels and the total energy of Nd：YAG laser used during *** the anti-oxidative activities of SOD and catalase were significantly decreased by Nd：YAG laser treatment, both in aqueous and vitreous humors. in accordance with the TBARS data and anti-oxidative enzyme activities, significantly higher levels of proteins were conjugated with the lipoperoxidation product 4-HNE in the aqueous and vitreous humors in the Nd：YAG laser-treated group in comparison to no Nd：YAG laser group. CONCLUSiON： These data, clearly suggest that any change that Q-switched Nd：YAG photo disruption may cause in the aqueous and vitreous compartments, resulting in a higher level of oxidative damage might be of considerable clinical significance

关键词： posterior capsule opacification Q-switched Nd:YAG laser oxidative stress vitrectomy

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Formation of ionospheric Precursors of Earthquakes—Probable Mechanism and its Substantiation

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Open Journal of Earthquake Research 2020年第2期9卷 142-169页

作者： Georgii Lizunov Tatiana skorokhod Masashi Hayakawa Valery Korepanov Space Research institute Kyiv Ukraine Hayakawa institute of Seismo Electromagnetics Co. Ltd. Tokyo Japan Lviv Center of institute for Space Research Lviv Ukraine

The purpose of this article is to attract the attention of the scientific community to atmospheric gravity waves (GWs) as the most likely mechanism for the transfer of energy from the surface layers of the atmosphere to space heights and describe the channel of seismic-ionospheric relations formed in this way. The article begins with a description and critical comparison of several basic mechanisms of action on the ionosphere from below: the propagation of electromagnetic radiation;the closure of the atmospheric currents through the ionosphere;the penetration of waves throughout the neutral atmosphere. A further part of the article is devoted to the analysis of theoretical and experimental information relating to the actual GWs. Simple analytical expressions are written that allow one to calculate the parameters of GWs in specific experimental situations. Specificity of GW dispersion properties and features of their propagation are analyzed on this mathematical basis, processes of amplitude amplification and dissipation of GWs with height are investigated, the mechanism of generation of ionosphere-magnetosphere current systems is described and their quantitative characteristics are determined. The experimental part presents an analysis of GWs global distribution in the thermosphere derived from the data of the instrument NACS (Neutral Atmosphere Composition Spectrometer) onboard the satellite DE-2 (NASA, 1981-1983). The statistical association of registered ionospheric disturbances with earthquakes is demonstrated. The results of DE-2 data processing are backed up by comparison with data from the DEMETER satellite (CNES, 2005-2010) whose purpose was to study the ionospheric effects of earthquakes. Specific features of GWs that characterize these waves as a factor of influence on the ionosphere from below are indicated.

关键词： Atmospheric Gravity Waves Seismic-ionospheric Coupling Thermosphere

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