Sillimanite, chemically named aluminum silicate, 3Al2O3SiO2 is one of the three forms of alumino silicate polymorphs and commonly encountered in aluminous metamorphic, plutonic and volcanic rocks and their weathering ...
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Sillimanite, chemically named aluminum silicate, 3Al2O3SiO2 is one of the three forms of alumino silicate polymorphs and commonly encountered in aluminous metamorphic, plutonic and volcanic rocks and their weathering products. Traditionally in India, sillimanite is upgraded by froth floatation technique using oleic acid as a collector cum frother, sodium silicate as depressant and soda ash as pH regulator. At TSPL (Trimex Sands Pvt Ltd), conventional mechanical float cells are installed to float sillimanite. In addition to the usual problems associated with conventional cells, poor flow ability of the sillimanite concentrate is experienced in dry circuit due to the presence of sodium oleate. Fine garnet in the sillimanite concentrate contributes to high iron content in the final product, making sillimanite separation a nightmare for operators (lower recoveries coupled with inferior grades). Various efforts were made to improve the performance of the circuit such as introduction of additional frother like MIBC (methyl ISO butyl carbinol), optimizing the operating parameters such as pulp density, collector dosage, depressant dosage, air flow rate, pH etc., use of collector aids, stage wise addition of reagents etc.. The challenges faced to produce a sillimanite product with stringent quality norms and the efforts made to improve the grade and recovery are described in this paper.
The development of low-cost DSCs (Dye-sensitized solar cells) based on activated carbon counter electrodes is described. Although, the use of activated carbon in CEs (Counter electrodes) has been documented, the effic...
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The development of low-cost DSCs (Dye-sensitized solar cells) based on activated carbon counter electrodes is described. Although, the use of activated carbon in CEs (Counter electrodes) has been documented, the efficiencies obtained in such solar cells have been low, particularly, due to low electrical conductivity of such counter electrodes. Our design of the counter electrode eliminates this problem by using an in-situ formed FTO (Fluorine-doped tin oxide)-activated carbon composite on FTO surface as the CE. The FTO particles are prepared by atomized spray pyrolysis method from a spray solution containing dispersed activated carbon particles. The CE thus prepared has a reasonable electronic conductivity and the composition of the spray solution was optimized to give the highest conversion efficiency and the thickness of the CE was optimized by controlling the spray duration and deposition temperature. The best DSC based on AC-FTO CE has a JSC of 18.98 mA·cm-2, a VOC of 0.709 V, and a FF (Fill factor) of 0.563 giving a conversion efficiency of 7.6%. The data for Pt-FTO CE based DSC are a JSC of 18.78 mA·cm-2, a VOC of 0.732 V, and a FF of 0.688 with a conversion efficiency of 9.5%.
The Mayo human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) Clinic has been providing patient centered care for persons living with HIV in Minnesota and beyond for the past 20 years. Through multidisciplinary engagement, vital clinica...
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The Mayo human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) Clinic has been providing patient centered care for persons living with HIV in Minnesota and beyond for the past 20 years. Through multidisciplinary engagement, vital clinical outcomes such as retention in care, initiation of antiretroviral therapy and virologic suppression are maximized. In this commentary, we describe the history of the Mayo HIV Clinic and its best practices, providing a "Mayo Model" of HIV care that exceeds national outcomes and may be applicable in other settings.
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