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Modeling Solid Waste Minimization Performance at Source in Dar es Salaam City, Tanzania

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2024年第9期12卷 17-32页

作者： abdon Salim Mapunda Richard Joseph Kimwaga Shaaban Ally Kassuwi Department of Integrated Water Resources Engineering University of Dar es Salaam Dar es Sa-laam Tanzania Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology University of Dar es Salaam Dar es Salaam Tanzania

Municipal solid waste generation is strongly linked to rising human population and expanding urban areas, with significant implications on urban metabolism as well as space and place values redefinition. Effective management performance of municipal solid waste management underscores the interdisciplinarity strategies. Such knowledge and skills are paramount to uncover the sources of waste generation as well as means of waste storage, collection, recycling, transportation, handling/treatment, disposal, and monitoring. This study was conducted in Dar es Salaam city. Driven by the curiosity model of the solid waste minimization performance at source, study data was collected using focus group discussion techniques to ward-level local government officers, which was triangulated with literature and documentary review. The main themes of the FGD were situational factors (SFA) and local government by-laws (LGBY). In the FGD session, sub-themes of SFA tricked to understand how MSW minimization is related to the presence and effect of services such as land use planning, availability of landfills, solid waste transfer stations, material recovery facilities, incinerators, solid waste collection bins, solid waste trucks, solid waste management budget and solid waste collection agents. Similarly, FGD on LGBY was extended by sub-themes such as contents of the by-law, community awareness of the by-law, and by-law enforcement mechanisms. While data preparation applied an analytical hierarchy process, data analysis applied an ordinary least square (OLS) regression model for sub-criteria that explain SFA and LGBY;and OLS standard residues as variables into geographically weighted regression with a resolution of 241 × 241 meter in ArcMap v10.5. Results showed that situational factors and local government by-laws have a strong relationship with the rate of minimizing solid waste dumping in water bodies (local R square = 0.94).

关键词： Modeling Solid Waste Minimization Dar es Salaam City Ordinary Least Square (OLS) Regression Model Situation Factors Local Government by Laws

Modeling the Spread of Tuberculosis with Piecewise Differential Operators

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2022年第5期131卷 787-814页

作者： abdon Atangana Ilknur Koca Institute for Groundwater Studies Faculty of Natural and Agricultural SciencesUniversity of the Free StateBloemfontein9301South Africa Department of Medical Research China Medical University HospitalChina Medical UniversityTaichung008864Taiwan Department of Accounting and Financial Management Seydikemer High School of Applied SciencesMugla Sitki Kocman UniversityMugla48300Turkey

Very recently,a new concept was introduced to capture crossover behaviors that exhibit changes in *** aimwas tomodel real-world problems exhibiting crossover from one process to another,for example,randomness to a power *** concept was called piecewise calculus,as differential and integral operators are defined piece *** behaviors have been observed in the spread of several infectious diseases,for example,***,in this paper,we aim at modeling the spread of tuberculosis using the concept of piecewise *** cases are considered,conditions under which the unique system solution is obtained are presented in *** simulations are performed with different values of fractional orders and density of randomness.

关键词： Spread of tuberculosis piecewise differentiation numerical simulation

A numerical study of the nonlinear fractional mathematical model of tumor cells in presence of chemotherapeutic treatment

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International Journal of Biomathematics 2020年第3期13卷 165-181页

作者： Sachin Kumar abdon Atangana Government Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Post Graduate College Hoshangabad ItarsiIndia 461111 Faculty of Naturaland Agricultural Sciences Institute for Groundwater Studies University of the Free State Bloemfontein 9300 South Africa

Cancer belongs to the class of discascs which is symbolized by out of control cells *** cells affect DNAs and damage *** exist many treatments avail-able in medical science as radiation therapy,targeted therapy,surgery,palliative care and *** is one of the most popular treatments which depends on the type,location and grade of *** this paper,we are working on modeling and prediction of the effect of chemotherapy on cancer cells using a fractional differen-tial equation by using the differential operator in Caputos *** presented model depicts the interaction between tumor,norrnal and immune cells in a tumor by using a system of four coupled fractional partial differential equations(PDEs).For this system,initial conditions of tumor cells and dimensions are taken in such a way that tumor is spread out enough in size and can be detected easily with the clinical *** operational matrix method with Genocchi polynomials is applied to study this system of fractional PDFs(FPDEs).An operational matrix for *** differentiation is *** the collocation method and using this matrix,the nonlinear system is reduced to a system of algebraic equations,which can be solved using Newton iteration *** salient features of this paper are the pictorial presentations of the numerical solution of the concerned equation for different particular cases to show the effect of fractional exponent on diffusive nature of immune cells,tumor cells,normal cells and chemother-apeutic drug and depict the interaction among immune cells,normal cells and tumor cells in a tumor site.

关键词： Fractional PDE diffusion equation operational matrix Genocchi polynomial collocation method

Analysis of Lassa hemorrhagic fever model with non-local and non-singular fractional derivatives

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International Journal of Biomathematics 2018年第8期11卷 87-105页

作者： Sonal Jain abdon Atangana Department of Mathematics Faculty of Applied Science Madhav Institue of Technology & Sciences Gwalior - 474005 Madhya Pradesh India Madhav Institue of Technology & Sciences Gwalior 474005

In this paper, we investigate a possible applicability of the newly established fractional differentiation in the field of epidemiology. To do this, we extend the model describing the Lassa hemorrhagic fever by changing the derivative with the time fractional derivative for the inclusion of memory. Detailed analysis of existence and uniqueness of exact solution is presented using the Banach fixed point theorem. Finally, some numerical simulations are shown to underpin the effectiveness of the used derivative.

关键词： Atangana-Baleanu derivative Lassa hemorrhagic fever model Picard Lindelof fixed point theorem

Conservatory of Kaup-Kupershmidt Equation to the Concept of Fractional Derivative with and without Singular Kernel

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Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica 2018年第2期34卷 351-361页

作者： abdon ATANGANA Emile Franc Doungmo GOUFO Institute for Groundwater Studies University of the Free State 9300 Bloemfontein South Africa Department of Mathematical Sciences University of South Africa Florida 0003 South Africa

Making use of the traditional Caputo derivative and the newly introduced Caputo-Fabrizio deriva- tive with fractional order and no singular kernel, we extent the nonlinear Kaup-Kupershmidt to the span of fractional calculus. In the analysis, different methods of fixed-point theorem together with the concept of piccard L-stability are used, allowing us to present the existence and uniqueness of the exact solution to models with both versions of derivatives. Finally, we present techniques to perform some numerical simulations for both non-linear models and graphical simulations are provided for values of the order α = 1.00; 0.90. Solutions are shown to behave similarly to the standard well-known traveling wave solution of Kaup-Kupershmidt equation.

关键词： Kaup-Kupershmidt equation fractional derivative fixed-point theorem numerical simulations

New lump, lump-kink, breather waves and other interaction solutions to the (3+1)-dimensional soliton equation

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2020年第8期72卷 43-49页

作者： Tukur Abdulkadir Sulaiman Abdullahi Yusuf abdon Atangana Department of Computer Engineering Biruni UniversityIstanbulTurkey Department of Mathematics Federal University DutseJigawaNigeria Institute for Groundwater Studies University of the Free StateBloemfonteinSouth Africa

This study investigates the (3+1)-dimensional soliton equation via the Hirota bilinear approach and symbolic computations. We successfully construct some new lump, lump-kink, breather wave, lump periodic, and some other new interaction solutions. All the reported solutions are verified by inserting them into the original equation with the help of the Wolfram Mathematica package. The solution’s visual characteristics are graphically represented in order to shed more light on the results obtained. The findings obtained are useful in understanding the basic nonlinear fluid dynamic scenarios as well as the dynamics of computational physics and engineering sciences in the related nonlinear higher dimensional wave fields.

关键词： (3+1)-dimensional soliton equation Hirota method lump solution breather waves

Analysis of Mathematics and Numerical Pattern Formation in Superdiffusive Fractional Multicomponent System

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Advances in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics 2017年第6期9卷 1438-1460页

作者： Kolade M.Owolabi abdon Atangana Institute for Groundwater Studies Faculty of Natural and Agricultural SciencesUniversity of the Free StateBloemfontein 9300South Africa

In this work,we examine the mathematical analysis and numerical simulation of pattern formation in a subdiffusive multicomponents fractional-reactiondiffusion system that models the spatial interrelationship between two preys and predator *** major result is centered on the analysis of the system for linear *** of the main model reflects that the dynamical system is locally and globally asymptotically *** propose some useful theorems based on the existence and permanence of the species to validate our theoretical *** and efficient methods in space and time are formulated to handle any space fractional reaction-diffusion *** numerically present the complexity of the dynamics that are theoretically *** simulation results in one,two and three dimensions show some amazing scenarios.

关键词： Asymptotically stable coexistence Fourier spectral method numerical simulations predator-prey fractional multi-species system

A decomposition approach to the design of a multiferroic memory bit

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Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2017年第2期12卷 215-223页

作者： Ruben ACEVEDO Cheng-Yen LIANG Gregory P. CARMAN abdon E. SEPULVEDA Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department University ofCalifornia Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90095-1597 USA

The objective of this paper is to present a methodology for the design of a memory bit to minimize the energy required to write data at the bit level. By straining a ferromagnetic nickel nano-dot by means of a piezoelectric substrate, its magnetization vector rotates between two stable states defined as a 1 and 0 for digital memory. The memory bit geometry, actuation mechanism and voltage control law were used as design variables. The approach used was to decompose the overall design process into simpler sub-problems whose structure can be exploited for a more efficient solution. This method minimizes the number of fully dynamic coupled finite element analyses required to converge to a near optimal design, thus decreasing the computational time for the design process. An in-plane sample design problem is presented to illustrate the advantages and flexibility of the procedure.

关键词： multiferroics nano memory piezoelectric,optimization

银杏种实生长发育中激素含量与组织结构变化的研究

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银杏种实生长发育中激素含量与组织结构变化的研究

作者： abdon Ledoux BOBOTO 扬州大学

学位级别：硕士

本研究选择银杏核用主栽品种佛指的成年结实树为试验材料，经授粉处理，调查测定授粉对坐果率的影响，并定期取样，测定种实的鲜重和纵、横径，采用石蜡切片、半薄切片、电镜扫描等观察银杏胚珠经授粉后发育成种实的过程中组织结构、细... 详细信息

本研究选择银杏核用主栽品种佛指的成年结实树为试验材料，经授粉处理，调查测定授粉对坐果率的影响，并定期取样，测定种实的鲜重和纵、横径，采用石蜡切片、半薄切片、电镜扫描等观察银杏胚珠经授粉后发育成种实的过程中组织结构、细胞的变化及其差异，采用ELISA测定种实生长发育过程中内源激素含量变化及其在种实中的分布差异，结果表明：1、银杏结实雌株经授粉后，平均坐果率为93.3％，比未经授粉的对照树高43.3％，银杏授粉是提高坐果率的关键;2、银杏胚珠至授粉时已完成珠心和珠被组织的分化，位于珠心组织内的大孢子母细胞经减数分裂形成四分体大孢子，其中一个大孢子经有丝分裂产生雌配子体游离核，游离核形成细胞壁后进入雌配子体的多细胞阶段，进一步发育成含有较多淀粉体的胚乳组织。雌配子体的珠孔端着生颈卵器，珠孔端一部分细胞同时解体形成贮粉室。授粉后，花粉进入珠孔道，沿珠心组织的合点端进入贮粉室，萌发形成花粉管后进入颈卵器，完成受精过程;3、银杏授粉后10d，即4月25日，银杏珠被组织迅速生长，珠心组织的顶端和底部均发生细胞程序性死亡(PCD);5月15日，珠被组织中的细胞开始分化，其外珠被发育成外种皮，中层珠被发育成中种皮，内珠被发育成内种皮;6月5日，外种皮分泌腔发育成熟，中种皮开始发生PCD;6月25日，中种皮的细胞壁进一步增厚，染色质高度浓缩;7月5日，细胞核变形成出芽状或缢缩态;4、随着种实的生长发育，其组织结构发生分化，细胞形状亦发生相应的变化，盛花后15d、30 d、45 d、60d的外种皮、中种皮和内种皮的细胞长／宽比值的变异系数均较大。盛花后同一时期不同组织结构的细胞长／宽比值的差异达到显著或极显著水平，同一组织结构的细胞长／宽比值从盛花后15d到45d表现下降，后开始上升，表现出不同组织结构的细胞形态发育不同步;5、银杏种实的纵、横径和单粒重的累积生长都呈单S型曲线。种实的纵、横径和单粒重的主要生长天数分别为40 d、42 d和87d，其生长始盛期分别出现在盛花后15d、13 d和23 d;生长旺盛期分别出现在盛花后28d、28 d和51 d;生长盛末期分别出现在盛花后55d、55 d和100 d;6、银杏胚珠露出生长到17 d时，IAA和ABA含量开始明显上升，GA含量至胚珠生长到27 d时开始明显上升。胚珠中IAA和GA含量第一个高峰值出现的时间相一致，为胚珠露出后47 d，ABA含量第一个高峰值出现早于前两者，为胚珠露出后27 d;胚珠中IAA、GA和ABA含量最高时分别达到4.67pmol／g·FW、4.62pmol／g·FW和1.95pmol／g·FW;外种皮中IAA、GA和ABA含量出现高峰值的时间基本一致，为胚珠露出后87 d，分别为12.99pmol／g·FW、11.37pmol／g·FW和5.02pmol／g·FW。胚珠生长到47 d后，种仁中IAA、GA和ABA的含量均出现不同程度的下降，其中IAA含量下降到胚珠露出后67 d即趋于平缓至种实成熟，而GA和ABA含量则出现波动性变化;7、银杏外种皮中IAA、GA和ABA含量分别为3.37pmol／g·FW、7.67pmol／g·FW和1.94pmol／g·FW，高于种仁中含量，其差异达到显著或极显著水平;无论是胚珠，还是外种皮和种仁，其IAA和GA的含量都高于ABA含量;在胚珠开始生长阶段，其IAA、GA和ABA含量均较低;授粉后1d，其胚珠中GA含量显著低于授粉前1d，授粉前1 d和授粉后1d的IAA及ABA含量差异均未达到显著水平;授粉后至中种皮木质化前，不同时期间其胚珠中IAA、GA和ABA的含量差异达到显著或极显著水平;中种皮木质化后至种实成熟采收，外种皮和种仁的不同时期间IAA、GA和ABA含量差异同样达到显著或极显著水平;8、银杏胚珠和外种皮及种仁中IAA、GA、ABA含量的变化基本与细胞和种实的生长发育变化相一致，IAA和GA含量明显上升时，珠被细胞的横径生长速度加快，种实开始旺盛生长，大孢子母细胞开始减数分裂，形成的大孢子进一步分裂形成雌配子体游离核;IAA、GA和ABA含量出现全年最大值时，种实进入旺盛生长阶段，珠被组织分化明显，外珠被发育成外种皮，分布有大量分泌腔，中珠被开始发育成中种皮，雌配子体进入多细胞阶段，胚乳组织形成，薄壁细胞中的淀粉体数量增加，孕育着种实生长盛末期的到来。

关键词：银杏授粉种实发育激素含量解剖结构