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Combined Role of ACC Deaminase Producing Bacteria and Biochar on Cereals Productivity under Drought

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2020年第2期89卷 217-227页

作者： Subhan Danish Muhammad zafar-ul-Hye Department of Soil Science Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and TechnologyBahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultan60800Pakistan Soil and Water Testing Laboratory PakArab Fertilizer LimitedPlantsiteMultan60800Pakistan

Most of the cereal crops are widely cultivated to fulfil the humans food *** changing climate scenario,the intensity of drought stress is continuously increasing that is adversely affecting the growth and yield of cereal *** the cereals can tolerate moderate drought to some extent,but mostly they are susceptible to severe drought *** biosynthesis of ethylene under drought stress has been *** scientists observed that inoculation of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate(ACC)deaminase producing plant growth promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR)is an efficacious tool to overcome this *** PGPR secrete ACC deaminase which cleavage the ACC into the compounds,other than ***,secretion of growth hormones also play imperative role in enhancing the growth of the cereals under limited availability of *** addition,the use of biochar has also been recognized as another effective amendment to grant resistance against *** application improves the soil physiochemical attributes i.e.,porosity,nutrients retention and water holding capacity which decrease the loss of water and increase its *** recent era,the idea of coapplication of ACC deaminase producing PGPR and biochar is becoming popular which might be more efficient to use water under drought *** aim of current review is to combine the facts and understanding of this novel idea to grant maximum resistance to crops against drought *** scientists have observed significant improvement in yield of cereal crops by combined use of ACC deaminase producing PGPR and ***,more research is suggested for deep understanding of complex synergistic mechanism of ACC deaminase activity in combination with biochar.

关键词： ACC deaminase biochar cereals drought ethylene PGPR yield

Adaptive Expanding Ring Search Based Per Hop Behavior Rendition of Routing in MANETs

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第4期67卷 1137-1152页

作者： Durr-e-Nayab Mohammad Haseeb zafar Mohammed Basheri Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Engineering and TechnologyPeshawar25120Pakistan Faculty of Computing and Information Technology King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia

Routing protocols in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks(MANETs)operate with Expanding Ring Search(ERS)mechanism to avoid ooding in the network while tracing *** mechanism searches the network with discerning Time to Live(TTL)values described by respective routing protocol that save both energy and *** work exploits the relation between the TTL value of a packet,trafc on a node and ERS mechanism for routing in MANETs and achieves an Adaptive ERS based Per Hop Behavior(AERSPHB)rendition of requests *** search request is classied based on ERS attributes and then processed for routing while monitoring the node *** algorithms are designed and examined for performance under exhaustive parametric setup and employed on adaptive premises to enhance the performance of the *** network is tested under congestion scenario that is based on buffer utilization at node level and link utilization via back-off stage of Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance(CSMA/CA).Both the link and node level congestion is handled through retransmission and rerouting the packets based on ERS *** aim is to drop the packets that are exhausting the network energy whereas forward the packets nearer to the destination with *** simulations are carried out for network scalability,node speed and network terrain *** results show that the proposed models attain evident performance enhancement.

关键词： Expanding ring search mobile ad hoc networks multi hop wireless networks on-demand ad hoc networks per hop behavior quality of servi

Effect of chromium on growth attributes in sunflower(Helianthus annuus L.)

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2008年第12期20卷 1475-1480页

作者： FOZIA Andaleeb MUHAMMAD Anjum Zia MUHAMMAD Ashraf zafar Mahmood Khalid National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Agriculture Department of Botany University of Agriculture

Heavy metal soil pollution takes place when the metal concentration of soil exceeds natural background level and causes ecological destruction and deterioration of the *** the present study,a pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of chromium-contaminated soil in sunflower(Helianthus annuus L.)growth *** different levels of chromium(Cr)i.e.,20, 40,and 60 mg/kg were applied to three varieties of sunflower(G-3,G-9,and G-59).The results of morphological,chemical,and yield p...

关键词： Helianthus annuus L. soil chromium growth attributes

Ab-initio calculations of structural,electronic,and optical properties of Zn_3(VO_4)_2

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Chinese Physics B 2018年第3期27卷 220-224页

作者： Nisar Ahmed S Mukhtar Wei Gao Syed zafar Ilyas Department of Physics and Applied Mathematics Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences Department of Physics Allama Iqbal Open University Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering the University of Auckland

The structural, electronic, and optical properties of Zn3（VO4）2 are investigated using full potential linearized aug- mented plane wave （FP-LAPW） method within the framework of density functional theory （DFT）. Various approaches are adopted to treat the exchange and correlation potential energy such as generalized gradient approximation （GGA）, GGA＋U, and the Tran-Blaha modified Becke-Johnson （TB-mBJ） potential. The calculated band gap of 3.424 eV by TB- mBJ is found to be close to the experimental result （3.3 eV）. The optical anisotropy is analyzed through optical constants, such as dielectric function and absorption coefficient along parallel and perpendicular crystal orientations. The absorption coefficient reveals high absorption （1.5 ×10^6cm^-1） of photons in the ultraviolet region.

关键词： density functional theory Zn3(V04)2 electronic structure optical properties

Numerical Simulation of MHD Peristaltic Flow with Variable Electrical Conductivity and Joule Dissipation Using Generalized Differential Quadrature Method

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2019年第5期71卷 509-518页

作者： Muhammad Qasim zafar Ali Abderrahim Wakif Zoubair Boulahia Department of Mathematics COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI) Laboratory of Mechanics Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock Hassan Ⅱ University

In this paper, the MHD peristaltic flow inside wavy walls of an asymmetric channel is investigated, where the walls of the channel are moving with peristaltic wave velocity along the channel length. During this investigation,the electrical conductivity both in Lorentz force and Joule heating is taken to be temperature dependent. Also, the long wavelength and low Reynolds number assumptions are utilized to reduce the governing partial differential equations into a set of coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The new set of obtained equations is then numerically solved using the generalized differential quadrature method(GDQM). This is the first attempt to solve the nonlinear equations arising in the peristaltic flows using this method in combination with the Newton-Raphson technique. Moreover, in order to check the accuracy of the proposed numerical method, our results are compared with the results of built-in Mathematica command NDSolve. Taking Joule heating and viscous dissipation into account, the effects of various parameters appearing in the problem are used to discuss the fluid flow characteristics and heat transfer in the electrically conducting fluids graphically. In presence of variable electrical conductivity, velocity and temperature profiles are highly decreasing in nature when the intensity of the electrical conductivity parameter is strengthened.

关键词： peristaltic flow MHD variable electrical conductivity Joule dissipation generalized differential quadrature method(GDQM)

First-principles calculations of structural, electronic, and thermodynamic properties of ZnO_(1-x)S_x alloys

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Chinese Physics B 2014年第10期23卷 394-400页

作者： Muhammad zafar Shabbir Ahmed M.Shakil M.A.Choudhary Simulation Laboratory Department of Physics The Islamia University of Bahawalpur

In this study the pseudo-potential method is used to investigate the structural, electronic, and thermodynamic proper- ties of ZnOl_xSx semiconductor materials. The results show that the electronic properties are found to be improved when calculated by using LDA ~ U functional as compared with local density approximation （LDA）. At various concentrations the ground-state properties are determined for bulk materials ZnO, ZnS, and their tertiary alloys in cubic zinc-blende phase. From the results, a minor difference is observed between the lattice parameters from Vegard＇s law and other calculated results, which may be due to the large mismatch between lattice parameters of binary compounds ZnO and ZnS. A small deviation in the bulk modulus from linear concentration dependence is also observed for each of these alloys. The ther- modynamic properties, including the phonon contribution to Helmholtz free energy △F, phonon contribution to internal energy △E, and specific iheat at constant-volume Cv, are calculated within quasi-harmonic approximation based on the calculated phonon dispersion relations.

关键词： first principles calculations density functional theory (DFT) semiconductor materials structural,electronic, and thermal properties

Uniform and Homogeneous Growth of Copper Nanoparticles on Electrophoretically Deposited Carbon Nanotubes Electrode for Nonenzymatic Glucose Sensor

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2016年第10期29卷 889-894页

作者： Syeda Ammara Shahzadi Shamaila Rehana Sharif Sheeba Ghani Nosheen zafar Department of Physics University of Engineering and Technology Department of Physics Forman Christian College (A Chartered University)

The multiwalled carbon nanotubes thin-film-based electrode was fabricated by electrophoretic deposition and modified with copper （Cu） nanoparticles to fabricate Cu/CNTs nanocomposite sensor for nonenzymatic glucose detection. The expensive glassy carbon electrode was replaced by fluorine-doped tin oxide glass containing CNTs film to confine the Cu nanoparticles growth by electrodeposition through cyclic voltammetry （CV）. The ultraviolet visible and X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the successful deposition of Cu nanoparticles on the CNTs-modified electrode. The atomic force microscopy images confirrqed the morphology of electrodeposited Cu on CNTs film as uniformly dispersed particles. The electrocatalytic activity of electrode to the glucose oxidation was investigated in alkaline medium by CV and amperometric measurements. The fabricated sensor exhibited a fast response time of less than 5 s and the sensitivity of 314 μA rnM^-1 cm^-2 with linear concentration range （0.02-3.0 mM） having detection limit 10.0 μM. Due to simple preparation of sensor, Cu/CNTs nanocomposite electrodes are a suitable candidate for reliable determination of glucose with good stability.

关键词： Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) Fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate Carbon nanotubes Copper nanoparticles Nonenzymatic electrocatalysis Glucose sensor

Fission studies of gold induced by (1665 MeV) π^- using a CR-39 detector

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Chinese Physics C 2012年第2期36卷 132-135页

作者： Muhammad Ikram Shahzad zafar Yasin Gul Sher Physics Division PINSTECHP.O.NiloreIslamabadPakistan

The fission cross section and fission probability of 197Au, induced by （1665 MeV） π-, have been studied using CR-39 track detectors. A 4π-geometry was used to count track statistics. A beam of negative pions of 1665 MeV was produced at AGS of Brookhaven National Laboratory, USA, and allowed to fall normally on the stack. Two detectors from the stack were scanned for fission fragment tracks after etching in 6N NaOH at 70 ℃. The statistics of fission fragment tracks in both detectors were obtained. It was found that there was a marked asymmetry of registered tracks with respect to the forward and backward hemispheres. This asymmetry could be partly accounted for on the basis of momentum transfer to the struck nucleus. On the basis of counting statistics fission cross section was measured, and fission probability was determined by dividing the fission cross section with the reaction cross section. The fission cross-section and fission probability were compared with the computed values using the caseade-exciton model code CEM95.

关键词： CR-39 fission cross section CEM95

Laboratory scale studies on removal of chromium from industrial wastes

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2003年第3期15卷 417-422页

作者： M.A.Baig Mohsin Mir Shazad Murtaza zafar I. Bhatti Institute of Environmental Science & Engineering National University of Science & EngineeringInstitute of Environmental Science & Engineering National University of Science & EngineeringInstitute of Environmental Science & Engineering National University of Science & EngineeringInstitute of Environmental Science & Engineering National University of Science & Engineering Rawalpindi PakistanRawalpindi PakistanRawalpindi PakistanRawalpindi Pakistan

Chromium being one of the major toxic pollutants is discharged from electroplating and chrome tanning processes and is also found in the effluents of dyes, paint pigments, manufacturing units etc. Chromium exists in aqueous systems in both trivalent (Cr 3+) and hexavalent (Cr 6+) forms. The hexavalent form is carcinogenic and toxic to aquatic life, whereas Cr 3+ is however comparatively less toxic. This study was undertaken to investigate the total chromium removal from industrial effluents by chemical means in order to achieve the Pakistan NEQS level of 1 mg/L by the methods of reduction and precipitation. The study was conducted in four phases. In phase Ⅰ, the optimum pH and cost effective reducing agent among the four popular commercial chemicals was selected. As a result, pH of 2 was found to be most suitable and sodium meta bisulfate was found to be the most cost effective reducing agent respectively. Phase Ⅱ showed that lower dose of sodium meta bisulfate was sufficient to obtain 100 % efficiency in reducing Cr 6+ to Cr 3+, and it was noted that reaction time had no significance in the whole process. A design curve for reduction process was established which can act as a tool for treatment of industrial effluents. Phase Ⅲ studies indicated the best pH was 8.5 for precipitation of Cr 3+ to chromium hydroxide by using lime. An efficiency of 100 % was achievable and a settling time of 30 minutes produced clear effluent. Finally in Phase Ⅳ actual waste samples from chrome tanning and electroplating industries, when precipitated at pH of 12 gave 100 % efficiency at a settling time of 30 minutes and confirmed that chemical means of reduction and precipitation is a feasible and viable solution for treating chromium wastes from industries.

关键词： tannery waste effluents reduction precipitation efficiency chromium