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Gut microbiota,fatty liver disease,and hepatocellular carcinoma

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Liver Research 2018年第1期2卷 43-51页

作者： Huikuan Chu Brandon williams Bernd Schnabl Division of Gastroenterology Union HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina Department of Medicine University of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA Department of Medicine VA San Diego Healthcare SystemSan DiegoCAUSA

Intestinal bacteria contribute to the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).Recently developed microbial profiling techniques are beginning to shed light on the nature of the changes in the gut microbiota that accompany NAFLD and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH).In this review,we summarize the role of gut microbiota in the development of NAFLD,NASH,and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).We highlight the mechanisms by which gut microbiota contribute to NAFLD/NASH,including through alterations in gut epithelial permeability,choline metabolism,endogenous alcohol production,release of inflammatory cytokines,regulation of hepatic Toll-like receptor(TLR),and bile acid *** addition,we analyze possible mechanisms for enhanced hepatic carcinogenesis,including alterations in bile acid metabolism,release of inflammatory cytokines,and expression of ***,we describe therapeutic approaches for NAFLD/NASH and preventive strategies for HCC involving modulation of the intestinal microbiota or affected host *** recent studies have provided useful information,large-scale prospective studies are required to better characterize the intestinal microbiota and metabolome,in order to demonstrate a causative role for changes in the gut microbiota in the etiology of NAFLD/NASH,to identify new therapeutic strategies for NAFLD/NASH,and to develop more effective methods of preventing HCC.

关键词： Gut microbiota Intestinal microbiome Metabolome Metagenome Fatty liver disease Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)

S. E. M. analysis of quartz sand grains from selected Hong Kong and Chinese littoral environments

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 1989年第3期8卷 409-422页

作者： A.T.williams M.C.Thomas Coastal Research Unit Department of Science and Chemical Engineering.the Polytechnic of WalesPontypriddMid GlamorganCF37 IDL.UKCoastal Research UnitDepartment of Science and Chemical Engineering.the Polytechnic of WalesPontypriddMid GlamorganCF37 IDL.UK

This pilot study attempts to demonstrate some underlying scanning electron microscopy themes of quartz grain surface textures. A variety of textural patterns and individual features are described for grains selected from various littoral environments. An attempt was made to differentiate samples on surface textures alone, but limitations of using this technique in sedimentological isolation were apparent. Statistical analysis of checklist data and photographic evidence revealed some of the more important feature combinations used in environmental diagnosis. The use of discriminant analysis provided quantitative sample separation.

关键词： In analysis of quartz sand grains from selected Hong Kong and Chinese littoral environments

Co-pyrolysis-catalytic steam reforming of cellulose/lignin with polyethylene/polystyrene for the production of hydrogen

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Waste Disposal and Sustainable Energy 2020年第3期2卷 177-191页

作者： Kaltume Akubo Mohamad Anas Nahil Paul T.williams School of Chemical and Process Engineering University of LeedsLeeds LS29JTUK

Co-pyrolysis of biomass biopolymers(lignin and cellulose)with plastic wastes(polyethylene and polystyrene)coupled with downstream catalytic steam reforming of the pyrolysis gases for the production of a hydrogen-rich syngas is *** catalyst used was 10 wt.%nickel supported on *** influence of the process parameters of temperature and the steam flow rate was examined to optimize hydrogen and syngas *** cellulose/plastic mixtures produced higher hydrogen yields compared with the lignin/plastic ***,the impact of raising the catalytic steam reform-ing temperature from 750 to 850 ℃was more marked for lignin *** example,the hydrogen yield for cellulose/polyethylene at a catalyst temperature of 750 ℃was 50.3 mmol g^(−1) and increased to 60.0 mmol g^(−1) at a catalyst temperature of 850°***,for the lignin/polyethylene mixture,the hydrogen yield increased from 25.0 to 50.0 mmol g^(−1) repre-senting a twofold increase in hydrogen *** greater influence on hydrogen and yield for the lignin/plastic mixtures compared to the cellulose/plastic mixtures is suggested to be due to the overlapping thermal degradation profiles of lignin and the polyethylene and *** input of steam to the catalyst reactor produced catalytic steam reforming conditions and a marked increase in hydrogen *** influence of increased steam input to the process was greater for the lignin/plastic mixtures compared to the cellulose/plastic mixtures,again linked to the overlapping thermal degradation profiles of the lignin and the plastics.A comparison of the Ni/MCM-41 catalyst with Ni/Al_(2)O_(3) and Ni/Y-zeolite-supported catalysts showed that the Ni/Al_(2)O_(3) catalyst gave higher yields of hydrogen and syngas.

关键词： Biomass Plastics Catalysis Hydrogen Cellulose Lignin

Preliminary studies on the ionic pulse of snowmelt runoff in the Urumqi River, Xinjiang, Northwest China

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1997年第19期42卷 1643-1646页

作者： Liu, FJ williams, M Cheng, GD Yang, DQ The State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China

IONIC pulse of snowmelt and its runoff in seasonally snow-covered alpine catchments was de-fined by Johannessen et al. When a snowpack begins melting, the first meltwater drainingthrough the pack carries a large fraction of the soluble ions with it, an ionic pulse. 10％ of thefirst meltwater may drain 80％ of the soluble contents out of the snowpack within severalhours or days. In other words, an ionic pulse designates a peak in ionic concentration duringthe initial melting process of a snowpack. The peak has been proved by a plot test 10 times

关键词： snowmelt runoff ionic pulse Urumqi River.

Spatial sampling of terahertz fields with sub-wavelength accuracy via probe-beam encoding

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Light(Science & Applications) 2019年第1期8卷 680-687页

作者： Jiapeng Zhao Yiwen E Ka.a.williams Xi-Cheng Zhang Robert W.Boyd The Institute of Optics University of RochesterRochesterNY 14627USA Department of Physics University of OttawaOttawaON K1N 6N5Canada

Recently,computational sampling methods have been implemented to spatially characterize terahertz(THz)*** methods usually rely on either specialized THz devices such as THz spatial light modulators or complicated systems requiring assistance from photon-excited free carriers with high-speed synchronization among multiple optical ***,by spatially encoding an 800-nm near-infrared(NIR)probe beam through the use of an optical SLM,we demonstrate a simple sampling approach that can probe THz fields with a single-pixel *** design does not require any dedicated THz devices,semiconductors or nanofilms to modulate THz *** computational algorithms,we successfully measure 128×128 field distributions with a 62-μm transverse spatial resolution,which is 15 times smaller than the central wavelength of the THz signal(940μm).Benefitting from the noninvasive nature of THz radiation and sub-wavelength resolution of our system,this simple approach can be used in applications such as biomedical sensing,inspection of flaws in industrial products,and so on.

关键词： synchronization beam spatially

Different Performances of H_2O_2 to Oxidise Aldicarb and Hexazinone in the Advanced Oxidation Process of Ozone/Hydrogen Peroxide

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Journal of Donghua University(English Edition) 2014年第3期31卷 348-353页

作者：冉治霖孙楚李绍峰 CRAIG Denver williams TREVOR John Hocking School of Transportation and Environment Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology College of Resources and Environment Northeast Agricultural University Shenzhen Key Lab of Industrial Water Saving&Municipal Sewage Reclamation Technology Shenzhen Polytechnic Institute School of Applied Science University of WolverhamptonWolverhampton WV1 1LYUK

The degradations of hexazinone and aldicarb by direct ozonation combined an advanced oxidation process( AOP) of O3/H2O2 were investigated in this study focusing on the oxidation mechanism by identifying the hydrogen peroxide consumption during the oxidation process of the two chemicals. The results showed that H2O2 could enhance the removal rate of the triazine herbicide hexazinone,and it was consumed along with the variation of removal rate in the light of different pH levels. The addition of H2O2 contributed little to the removal of the thiocarbamate herbicide aldicarb and H2O2 content kept constantly throughout the degradation process. Tert-butyl alcohol( TBA) effectively scavenged the ·OH radical for hexazinone,but had no effect on the removal rate of aldicarb. Aldicarb removal was mainly attributed to direct ozonation molecule in both O3( 97.00%) and O3/H2O2( 96.76%)systems. Moreover,sole O3 could hardly oxidize hexazinone whereas·OH radicals contribute respective 74.70% and 97.50% of removal in O3 system and O3/H2O2 AOP. All of these findings suggest that the mechanism of ·OH radical generation and the chain reaction in O3/H2O2 AOP should be further discussed.

关键词： hexazinone aldicarb O3/H2O2 direct and indirect oxidation H2O2consumption

Type 2 autoimmune pancreatitis associated with severe ulcerative colitis: Three case reports

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第24期10卷 8788-8796页

作者： Mark Ghali Karen Bensted David B williams Simon Ghaly Department of Gastroenterology St Vincent's HospitalDarlinghurst 2010NSWAustralia School of Clinical Medicine Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of New South WalesSydney 1466NSWAustralia

BACKGROUND Type two autoimmune pancreatitis is a rare and difficult to diagnose,steroid responsive non-IgG4 inflammatory pancreatopathy that can be associated with inflammatory bowel *** SUMMARY This case series describes three cases with varied clinical presentations and representations of autoimmune pancreatitis,and all associated with an aggressive course of ulcerative *** pancreatopathy was independent of bowel disease activity and developed in one case following *** Clinician awareness about this condition is important to allow early diagnosis,treatment and avoid unnecessary pancreatic surgery.

关键词： Autoimmune pancreatitis Inflammatory bowel disease Ulcerative colitis Colectomy Case report

Can a Purposeful Walk Intervention with a Distance Goal Using an Activity Monitor Improve Individuals'Daily Activity and Function Post Total Hip Replacement Surgery.A Randomized Pilot Trial

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Cyborg and Bionic Systems 2023年第1期4卷 1-13页

作者： Shayan Bahadori Jonathan Mark williams Sarah Collard and Ian Swain Orthopaedic Research Institute Bournemouth UniversityBournemouthDorsetUK Faculty of Health and Social Sciences Bournemouth UniversityBournemouthDorsetUK Faculty of Science and Technology Bournemouth UniversityPooleDorsetUK

Individuals have increasingly high expectations of return to activity following total hip replacement(THR)*** current literature demonstrates marked improvements in pain following ***,there is limited evidence showing objective improvement in daily *** randomized pilot trial aimed to determine the effect of an intervention where outdoor walking distance is used as a goal to increase daily activity of older adults using a commercial activity monitor at 3 to 6 months post *** suggested that the participants in the intervention group had higher activity levels after THR,compared to those in the control *** Cohen’s effect sizes were larger for the changes in the gait,Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score,and Psychosocial Impact of Assistive Devices Scale data in the intervention group in contrast to the control ***,further research with a larger sample size is required to provide tangible evidence on the significance of the effect of the purposeful walk compared to step count.

关键词： return effect sizes

A Hybrid Immersed Interface Method for Driven Stokes Flow in an Elastic Tube

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Numerical Mathematics(Theory,Methods and Applications) 2013年第4期6卷 600-616页

作者： Yi Li Sarah A.williams Anita T.Layton Department of Mathematics Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708-0320USA

We present a hybrid numerical method for simulating fluid flow through a compliant,closed tube,driven by an internal source and *** is assumed to be highly viscous with its motion described by Stokes *** geometry is assumed to be axisymmetric,and the governing equations are implemented in axisymmetric cylindrical coordinates,which capture 3D flow dynamics with only 2D *** solve the model equations using a hybrid approach:we decompose the pressure and velocity fields into parts due to the surface forcings and due to the source and sink,with each part handled separately by means of an appropriate *** the singularly-supported surface forcings yield an unsmooth solution,that part of the solution is computed using the immersed interface *** conditions are derived for the axisymmetric cylindrical *** velocity due to the source and sink is calculated along the tubular surface using boundary *** results are presented that indicate second-order accuracy of the method.

关键词： Stokes flow interface tracking immersed interface methods axisymmetric cylindrical coordinates boundary integrals