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Assessment of programmed death-ligand 1 expression in primary tumors and paired lymph node metastases of gastric adenocarcinoma

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第3期16卷 883-893页

作者： Brendha Cação Coimbra Marina Alessandra Pereira Leonardo Cardili Venancio Avancini Ferreira alves Evandro Sobroza de Mello Ulysses Ribeiro jr Marcus Fernando Kodama Pertille Ramos Department of Gastroenterology Instituto do CancerHospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São PauloFaculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de São PauloSão Paulo 01246000Brazil Department of Pathology Instituto do CancerHospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São PauloSão Paulo 01246000Brazil

BACKGROUND Anti-programmed death-1/programmed death-ligand 1(PD-1/PD-L1)immuno-therapy has demonstrated promising results on gastric cancer(GC).However,PD-L1 can express differently between metastatic sites and primary tumors(PT).AIM To compare PD-L1 status in PT and matched lymph node metastases(LNM)of GC patients and to determine the correlation between the PD-L1 status and clinicopathological characteristics.METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 284 GC patients who underwent D2-gastrectomy.PD-L1 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry(clone SP142)using the com-bined positive score.All PD-L1+PT staged as pN+were also tested for PD-L1 expression in their LNM.PD-L1(-)GC with pN+served as the comparison group.RESULTS Among 284 GC patients included,45 had PD-L1+PT and 24 of them had pN+.For comparison,44 PD-L1(-)cases with pN+were included(sample loss of 4 cases).Of the PD-L1+PT,54.2%(13/24 cases)were also PD-L1+in the LNM.Regarding PD-L1(-)PT,9.1%(4/44)had PD-L1+in the LNM.The agreement between PT and LNM had a kappa value of 0.483.Larger tumor size and moderate/severe peritumoral inflammatory response were associated with PD-L1 positivity in both sites.There was no statistical difference in overall survival for PT and LNM according to the PD-L1 status(P=0.166 and P=0.837,respectively).CONCLUSION Intra-patient heterogeneity in PD-L1 expression was observed between the PT and matched LNM.This disagreement in PD-L1 status may emphasize the importance of considering different tumor sites for analyses to select patients for immunotherapy.

关键词： Gastric cancer Lymph node Programmed death ligand 1 Stomach neoplasms Immunohistochemistry Metastasis

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From the dust:extracellular vesicles as regulators of development and neuroregeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第5期19卷 933-934页

作者： Leon G.Coleman jr The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of MedicineDepartment of PharmacologyBowles Center for Alcohol StudiesChapel HillNCUSA

First impressions can have a lasting impact.In science,this can be especially problematic,because our lack of understanding often causes us to mislabel and thus ignore important biological processes.In this vein,extracellular vesicles(EVs)were once considered to be“cellular dust”.Similar to the previous concept of“junk DNA”to describe protein non-coding regions,EVs are far more than just cellular dust.In fact,EVs are emerging as key mediators of intracellular communication across nearly all biological systems.This includes peripheral immune responses(e.g.,arthropathies and sepsis),intra-organ communication(Seim et al.,2023),and a host of other physiological and pathological states(Figure 1A and B).

关键词： Figure extracellular

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Reflections on four decades of physical activity epidemiology

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第5期13卷 608-610页

作者： Barbara Sternfeld David R.Jacobs jr. Division of Research Kaiser Permanente Northern CaliforniaOaklandCA 94610USA Division of Epidemiology and Community Health School of Public HealthUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN 55454USA

In 1985,Public Health Reports published a series of papers prepared for a workshop sponsored by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC).1 Building on the seminal work of Jeremy Morris and Ralph Paffenbarger jr.,who were among the first to use epidemiological methods to study physical activity(PA),2,3 the workshop itself was the result of a growing scientific understanding of the importance of“physical fitness and exercise for improving the health of the public”.

关键词： semi workshop Ralph

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Stabilization and detection of labile reaction intermediates in supramolecular containers

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第6期35卷 47-52页

作者： Rui Wang Yang Liang Julius Rebek jr. Yang Yu Center for Supramolecular Chemistry&Catalysis and Department of Chemistry College of ScienceShanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemistry The Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaCA 92037United States

Detection and observation of reactive intermediates is an essential step in investigation of reaction pathways.However,most reactive intermediates are unstable and present at low concentrations;their short lifetimes make them difficult to detect and characterize.Supramolecular containers offer opportunities for the stabilization and characterization of those labile species,through isolation from the media and protection inside the cavity of the host.In this review,we summarize the examples of labile reaction intermediates that are stabilized and characterized with the help of supramolecular containers.The container compounds include carcerands,deep cavitands and amide naphthotubes.We focus on unstable guest species-cyclobutadiene,benzocyclopropenone,o-benzyne,1,2,4,6-cycloheptatetraene,anti-Bredt's olefin,fluorophenoxycarbene,O-acylisoamide,and hemiaminalthat act as intermediates in certain organic reactions.

关键词： Supramolecular containers Reaction intermediates Labile species stabilization Short-lived species detection Supramolecular chemistry

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Enhancement of mechanical properties of GTAW joints for ZC63 magnesium alloy by post-weld heat treatment

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2024年第2期169卷 251-263页

作者： Weiyang Zhou Qichi Le Ye Shi Qiyu Liao Tong Wang Qi Zou Clodualdo Aranas jr Key Lab of Electromagnetic Processing of Materials Ministry of EducationNortheastern UniversityShenyang 110819China Key Laboratory of Lightweight Structural Materials Liaoning ProvinceNortheastern UniversityShenyang 110819China School of Materials Science and Engineering Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819China Department of Mechanical Engineering University of New BrunswickFrederictonE3B 5A3New BrunswickCanada

To further improve the microstructure and mechanical properties of gas tungsten arc welded(GTAW)welded joints for ZC63 magnesium alloy,post-weld heat treatment is carried out.It is found that the majority of the MgZnCu phase in the fusion zone(FZ)is dissolved in theα-Mg matrix under suitable heat treatment conditions.The remainder is diffusely distributed as rods or granules at the grain bound-aries.The excessive heat treatment temperature(460℃)leads to abnormal grain growth(AGG)in the FZ.The substructure gradient between the abnormally grown grains and the surrounding small grains pro-vides the driving force for AGG.Meanwhile,the dissolution of the MgZnCu phase weakens the hindering effect of the second phase on grain boundary migration,setting the stage for AGG.In addition,the detri-mental impact of the continuous MgZnCu phase on the mechanical properties of the welded joint is also lessened by its dissolution.The ultimate tensile strength(UTS),yield strength(YS)and elongation(EL)of the welded joints are 255 MPa,119 MPa and 27.0%,respectively,under the post-weld heat treatment process of 440℃×12 h.The welding coefficient of the welded joint reaches 97.0%,satisfying the service criteria set forth by the mechanical properties of the welded joints.

关键词： GTAW FZ Heat treatment AGG Mechanical properties

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Climate bonds toward achieving net zero emissions and carbon neutrality:Evidence from machine learning technique

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Journal of Management Science and Engineering 2024年第1期9卷 1-15页

作者： Hermas Abudu Presley K.Wesseh jr. Boqiang Lin College of Overseas Education Chengdu UniversityChengdu610106SichuanChina School of Management China Institute for Studies in Energy PolicyCollaborative Innovation Center for Energy Economics and Energy PolicyXiamen UniversityFujian361005China Center for African Development Strategy(CFADS) MonroviaLiberia

The Conference of the Parties(COP26 and 27)placed significant emphasis on climate financing policies with the objective of achieving net zero emissions and carbon neutrality.However,studies on the implementation of this policy proposition are limited.To address this gap in the literature,this study employs machine learning techniques,specifically natural language processing(NLP),to examine 77 climate bond(CB)policies from 32 countries within the context of climate financing.The findings indicate that“sustainability”and“carbon emissions control”are the most outlined policy objectives in these CB policies.Additionally,the study highlights that most CB funds are invested toward energy projects(i.e.,renewable,clean,and efficient initiatives).However,there has been a notable shift in the allocation of CB funds from climate-friendly energy projects to the construction sector between 2015 and 2019.This shift raises concerns about the potential redirection of funds from climate-focused investments to the real estate industry,potentially leading to the greenwashing of climate funds.Furthermore,policy sentiment analysis revealed that a minority of policies hold skeptical views on climate change,which may negatively influence climate actions.Thus,the findings highlight that the effective implementation of CB policies depends on policy goals,objectives,and sentiments.Finally,this study contributes to the literature by employing NLP techniques to understand policy sentiments in climate financing.

关键词： Climate bonds funds utilization Climate bonds policy text mining Machine learning technique Net zero emissions Policy sentiment analysis

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Microstructure and forming mechanism of metals subjected to ultrasonic vibration plastic forming: A mini review

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第6期31卷 1322-1332页

作者： Qinghe Cui Xuefeng Liu Wenjing Wang Shaojie Tian Vasili Rubanik Vasili Rubanik jr. Dzmitry Bahrets Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Beijing Laboratory of Metallic Materials and Processing for Modern Transportation University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Institute of Technical Acoustics National Academy of SciencesVitebsk 210009Belarus

Compared with traditional plastic forming,ultrasonic vibration plastic forming has the advantages of reducing the forming force and improving the surface quality of the workpiece.This technology has a very broad application prospect in industrial manufactur-ing.Researchers have conducted extensive research on the ultrasonic vibration plastic forming of metals and laid a deep foundation for the development of this field.In this review,metals were classified according to their crystal structures.The effects of ultrasonic vibration on the microstructure of face-centered cubic,body-centered cubic,and hexagonal close-packed metals during plastic forming and the mech-anism underlying ultrasonic vibration forming were reviewed.The main challenges and future research direction of the ultrasonic vibra-tion plastic forming of metals were also discussed.

关键词： ultrasonic vibration plastic forming crystal structure microstructure forming mechanism

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2024 Adult Compendium of Physical Activities:A third update of the energy costs of human activities

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 6-12页

作者： Stephen D.Herrmann Erik A.Willis Barbara E.Ainsworth Tiago V.Barreira Mary Hastert Chelsea L.Kracht John M.Schuna jr. Zhenghui Cai Minghui Quan Catrine Tudor-Locke Melicia C.Whitt-Glover David R. Jacobs jr. Kansas Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Division of Physical Activity and Weight Management Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599USA College of Health Solutions Arizona State UniversityPhoenixAZ 85003USA School of Exercise and Health Shanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China Exercise Science Department Syracuse UniversitySyracuseNY 13244USA Clinical Sciences Division Pennington Biomedical Research CenterBaton RougeLA 70808USA School of Exercise and Sport Science Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331USA College of Health and Human Services University of North Carolina at CharlotteCharlotteNC 28223USA Gramercy Research Group KnightdaleNC 27545USA Division of Epidemiology and Community Health School of Public HealthUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN 55454USA

Background:The Compendium of Physical Activities was published in 1993 to improve the comparability of energy expenditure values assigned to self-reported physical activity(PA)across studies.The original version was updated in 2000,and again in 2011,and has been widely used to support PA research,practice,and public health guidelines.Methods:This 2024 update was tailored for adults 19-59 years of age by removing data from those≥60 years.Using a systematic review and supplementary searches,we identified new activities and their associated measured metabolic equivalent(MET)values(using indirect calorimetry)published since 2011.We replaced estimated METs with measured values when possible.Results:We screened 32,173 abstracts and 1507 full-text papers and extracted 2356 PA energy expenditure values from 701 papers.We added303 new PAs and adjusted 176 existing MET values and descriptions to reflect the addition of new data and removal of METs for older adults.We added a Major Heading(Video Games).The 2024 Adult Compendium includes 1114 PAs(912 with measured and 202 with estimated values)across 22 Major Headings.Conclusion:This comprehensive update and refinement led to the creation of The 2024 Adult Compendium,which has utility across research,public health,education,and healthcare domains,as well as in the development of consumer health technologies.The new website with the complete lists of PAs and supporting resources is available at https://***.

关键词： Adults Energy expenditure Exercise MET Physical Activities

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A brief history of the Compendium of Physical Activities

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 3-5页

作者： Barbara E.Ainsworth Stephen D.Herrmann David R.Jacobs jr. Melicia C.Whitt-Glover Catrine Tudor-Locke School of Exercise and Health Shanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China College of Health Solutions Arizona State UniversityPhoenixAZ 85003USA Kansas Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Division of Epidemiology and Community Health University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN 55455USA Gramercy Research Group KnightdaleNC 27545USA College of Health and Human Services University of North Carolina at CharlotteCharlotteNC 28223USA

The Compendium of Physical Activities(Compendium)was developed to address consistent assignment of physical activity(PA)intensity values used in PA epidemiology research of the association between PA and health outcomes.1The known protective effects of PA on incident health outcomes traces to the mid-1900s,with over 50 studies examining coronary heart disease(CHD)as the outcome of interest.

关键词： epidemiology Activities protective

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Many Kinds of Reserved Judgement in No-Data Problem

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Applied Mathematics 2024年第1期15卷 1-8页

作者： Houju Hori jr. Nara Community Tsubakikishi Shrine Nara Japan

The reserved judgment can be broadly categorized into three types: Re-Do, Re-Set, and Natural Flowing Case (i.e. step by step in Re-Try). Hori et al. constructed the Bayes-Fuzzy Estimation and demonstrated that system theory can be applied to the possibility of Markov processes, and that decision-making approaches can be applied to sequential Bayes estimation. In this paper, we focus on the Natural Flowing Case within reserved judgment. Here, the possibility of oblique (or principal) factor rotation is considered as a part of the tandem fuzzy system that follows step by step for sequential Bayes estimation. Ultimately, we achieve a significant result whereby the expected utility can be calculated automatically without the need to construct a utility function for reserved judgment. There, this utility in Re-Do can be calculated by the prior utility, and that utility in Re-set does not exist by our research in this paper. Finally, we elucidate the relationship between fuzzy system theory and fuzzy decision theory through an applied example of Bayes-Fuzzy theory. Fuzzy estimation can be applied to only normal making decision, but it is impossible to apply abnormal decision problem. Our Vague, specially Type 2 Vague can be applied to abnormal case, too.

关键词： Bayes-Fuzzy Estimation Re-Do Re-Set Indifferent Zone Reserved Judgement

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