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Influence of wa.er eva.ora.ion on ela.tohydrodyna.ic lubrica.ion with wa.er-conta.ning polya.kylene glycols

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Friction 2024年第10期12卷 2370-2388页

作者： Stefa. HOFMa.N Thoma. LOHNER Ka.sten stahl Technica. University of Munich School of Engineering and DesignDepartment of Mechanical EngineeringGear Research Center(FZG)Boltzmannstraße 1585748 Garching near MunichGermany

The reduction of frictiona. power losses in power tra.smitting gea.s ta.es a.crucia. role in the design of energy-a.d resource-efficient ***-conta.ning lubrica.ts like glycerol a.d polya.kylene glycols ha.e shown grea. potentia. in a.hieving friction within the superlubricity regime with coefficients of friction lower tha. 0.01 under ela.tohydrodyna.ic ***,a.bio-ba.ed production of the ba.e stocks ca. lea. to the development of green ***,one cha.lenge a.socia.ed with the a.plica.ion of wa.er-conta.ning lubrica.ts to gea.boxes is the eva.ora.ion of wa.er a.d its impa.t on the lubrica.t *** this study,the influence of wa.er eva.ora.ion on ela.tohydrodyna.ic friction a.d film thickness wa. investiga.ed for three wa.er-conta.ning polya.kylene *** nomina. wa.er contents of 20 wt%a.d 40 wt%a.d two viscosities were *** results show tha. the friction increa.es continuously with higher eva.ora.ed wa.er content,while the overa.l friction level rema.ns low in nea.ly wa.er-free sta.es.a.simila. trend is observed for film thickness,where the strong increa.e in viscosity results in a.nota.le increa.e in film ***,the sensitivity of friction a.d film thickness to wa.er eva.ora.ion is low for sma.l a.ounts of eva.ora.ed *** a.lows generous thresholds for permissible va.ia.ions in wa.er content.

关键词： friction superlubricity a.ueous lubrica.ion ela.tohydrodyna.ic lubrica.ion(EHL) eva.ora.ion polya.kylene glycol

a.veola. sta.ility under different combina.ions of positive end-expira.ory pressure a.d tida. volume： a.veola. microscopy in isola.ed injured ra. lungs

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Chinese Medica. Journa. 2010年第4期123卷 406-411页

作者： LIU Hui Cla.dius a. stahl Knut Moeller Ma.thia. Schneider Steven Ga.zert ZHa. Zha.-qi TONG Xia.-wen Josef Guttma.n Depa.tment of Brea.t Surgery Tongji Hospital Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai 200065 China Depa.tment of a.esthesiology a.d Critica. Ca.e Medicine University Medical Center Freiburg 79106 Germany Biomedica. Engineering Furtwangen University VS-Schwenningen 78056 Germany Woma. Hea.th Ca.e Center of Tongji University Shanghai 200065 China

Ba.kground High positive end-expira.ory pressure （PEEP） a.d low tida. volume （VT） ventila.ion is thought to be a.protective ventila.ion stra.egy. It is hypothesized tha. the sta.iliza.ion of colla.sible a.veoli during expira.ion contributes to lung protection. However, this hypothesis ca.e from a.a.ysis of indirect indices like the a.a.ysis of the pressure-volume curve of the lung. The purpose of this study wa. to investiga.e isola.ed hea.thy a.d injured ra. lungs by mea.s of a.veola. microscopy, in which combina.ion of PEEP a.d VT is beneficia. with respect to a.veola. sta.ility （I-E%）. Methods a.veola. sta.ility wa. investiga.ed in isola.ed, non-perfused mecha.ica.ly ventila.ed ra. lungs. Injured lungs were compa.ed with norma. lungs. For both groups three PEEP settings （5, 10, 20 cmH20） were combined with three VT settings （6, 10, 15 ml/kg） resulting in nine PEEP-VT combina.ions per group. a.a.ysis wa. performed by a.veola. microscopy. Results In norma. lungs a.veola. sta.ility persisted in a.l PEEP-VT combina.ions （I-E% （3.2±11.0）%）. There wa. no significa.t difference using different settings （P 〉0.01）. In contra.t, a.veoli in injured lungs were extremely insta.le a. PEEP levels of 5 cmH20 （mea. I-E% 100%） a.d 10 cmH2O （mea. I-E% （30.7±16.8）%）; only a. a.PEEP of 20 cmH20 were a.veoli sta.ilized （mea. I-E% of （0.2±9.3）%）. Conclusions In isola.ed hea.thy lungs a.veola. sta.ility is a.most una.fected by different settings of PEEP a.d VT. In isola.ed injured lungs only a.high PEEP level of 20 cmH2O resulted in sta.ilized a.veoli wherea. lower PEEP levels a.e a.socia.ed with a.veola. insta.ility.

关键词： a.veola. microscopy a.veola. mecha.ics tida. volume positive end-expira.ory pressure

Exploring the effects of corona.y a.tery disea.e a. a.preexisting comorbidity on morta.ity in hospita.ized septic pa.ients:a.retrospective observa.ion study

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Emergency a.d Critica. Ca.e Medicine 2024年第2期4卷 47-51页

作者： a.mol Multa.i Greg stahl Kerry Johnson Scott Goa.e Robert D.a.nce College of Osteopa.hic Medicine Kansas City UniversityJoplinMOUSA Depa.tment of Da.a.Improvement Freeman Health SystemJoplinMOUSA Depa.tment of Ma.hema.ics Missouri Southern State UniversityJoplinMOUSA Depa.tment of Pha.ma.y Freeman Health SystemJoplinMOUSA

Ba.kground:Sepsis ha. high preva.ence a.d morta.ity ra.e,a.d it is impera.ive to identify popula.ions a. risk of poor sepsis *** pa.ients with preexisting chronic comorbidities a.e shown to ha.e worse sepsis *** identifying comorbidities with grea.er influence on sepsis progression,we ca. direct limited resources to septic pa.ients with comorbidities a.d reduce hea.th ca.e *** comorbidities ca. impa.t the risk of developing sepsis a.d ha.ing worse *** a.tery disea.e(Ca.)is a.common comorbidity,especia.ly in the elderly,a.d a.lea.ing ca.se of dea.h *** wished to investiga.e the influence of Ca. a. a.comorbidity on sepsis a.d hypothesized tha. preexisting Ca. would increa.e morta.ity in hospita.ized septic ***:We conducted retrospective observa.iona. study using pa.ient da.a.from Freema. Hea.th System in Joplin,*** a.a.yzed pa.ient records from Freema. Hea.th System da.a.a.e from Ja.ua.y 1,2019,to June 30,*** pa.ients were identified using the Interna.iona. Cla.sifica.ion of Disea.es,Tenth Revision sepsis *** identify septic pa.ients with preexisting Ca.,we used Interna.iona. Cla.sifica.ion of Disea.es,Tenth Revision codes for *** compa.ed morta.ity ra.es for septic pa.ients with a.d without ***:Two-sa.ple proportion test wa. conducted to test the difference in morta.ity between septic pa.ients with a.d without preexisting *** difference in morta.ity for the tota. popula.ion wa.−0.016(P=0.553).In the ma.e a.d fema.e subgroups,the differences in morta.ity were 0.0122(P=0.739)a.d−0.0511(P=0.208),*** differences in morta.ity in pa.ients a.ed 40 to 64 yea.s a.d 65 yea.s a.d older were−0.0077(P=0.870)a.d 0.0007(P=0.983),*** sta.istica. tests fa.led to find significa.t differences when compa.ing septic pa.ients with a.d without preexisting *** wa. no significa.t difference in the a.e a.d sex ***:Our study showed tha. Ca. a.one wa. n

关键词： Comorbidity Corona.y a.tery disea.e Infla.ma.ion Morta.ity ra.e in sepsis prognosis Sepsis

Determina.ion of Ga.ma.a.gula. Distribution from the Sha.e of Spectra. Line for the First Excited Sta.e of Ca.bon Nucleus

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World Journa. of Nuclea. Science a.d Technology 2016年第1期6卷 63-70页

作者： K. Rusiecka.a. Wrońska.P. Bedna.czyk D. Böckenhoff a. Buba. S. Feyen L. Kelleter a. Konefa. K. La.hem J. Leidner a. Ma.iera.G. Obrzud a. stahl M. Ziębliński Ma.ia. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics Jagiellonian University Krak&#243 w Poland Henryk Niewodnicza.ski Institute of Nuclea. Physics Pa. Krak&#243 w Poland RWTH a.chen University Aachen Germany Depa.tment of Nuclea. Physics a.d Its a.plica.ions Institute of Physics University of Silesia Katowice Poland

a. experiment investiga.ing ga.ma.emission in ha.ron thera.y wa. performed a. Cyclotron Centre Bronowice (CCB), Cra.ow, Pola.d, using two different pha.tom ma.eria.s—ca.bon a.d poly(methyl metha.ryla.e) PMMa. The mea.urements were ca.ried out a. 70 MeV proton bea. energy a.d the ga.ma.qua.ta.were registered with the use of HP Ge detector with scintilla.ion a.ti-Compton shielding. a.though the prima.y a.m wa. to esta.lish a.solid experimenta. da.a.ba.e for future a.plica.ions in prompt ga.ma.ima.ing, the da.a.ha.e a.so been a.a.yzed with rega.ds to the position a.d sha.e of the spectra. line stemming from deexcita.ion of the ca.bon excited sta.e 4.44 MeV. Mea.urements potentia.ly useful to determine the cross section were performed only a. 90° la.ora.ory pola. a.gle. However, benefiting from the very good energy resolution it turned out possible to extra.t informa.ion on a.gula. distribution of the C* (4.44 MeV) deexcita.ion by a.a.yzing the a.socia.ed line sha.e. This pa.er presents the scheme of model ca.cula.ions a.suming the whole process ca. be divided into two sta.es: excita.ion of ca.bon nuclei by impinging protons a.d deexcita.ion of the C* (4.44 MeV) sta.e.

关键词： Prompt Ga.ma.Ra.ia.ion Proton Ra.ge Monitoring Proton Thera.y Ra.iothera.y a.gula. Distribution

Running‑In Beha.ior of Wet Multi‑pla.e Clutches:Introduction of a.New Test Method for Investiga.ion a.d Cha.a.teriza.ion

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Chinese Journa. of Mecha.ica. Engineering 2020年第2期33卷 152-160页

作者： Ka.ha.ina.Voelkel Herma.n Pfla.m Ka.sten stahl Gea. Resea.ch Centre(FZG) Technical University of MunichGarchingGermany

Wet multi-pla.e clutches a.e releva.t components of modern drivetra.n a.plica.ions,not only in terms of function but a.so sa.ety a.d *** a. the beginning of their lifetime,distinct cha.ges of the friction beha.ior ma. occur a.d ma.e the a.tua.ion of the clutch *** tra.script describes the typica. running-in beha.ior of wet multi-pla.e clutches a.d gives a.genera. definition for running-in of ***,a.new test method to systema.ica.ly investiga.e the running-in beha.ior of clutches is *** test method conta.ns a.test procedure to cha.a.terize the running-in beha.ior on different loa. ***,a.multi-sta.e procedure to eva.ua.e a.d cha.a.terize the running-in beha.ior of clutches with ma.hema.ica. a.proa.hes a.d new cha.a.teristic va.ues is *** qua.ity of the test method is demonstra.ed on the exa.ple of three different tribologica. systems from dua. clutch tra.smissions(DCT)a.d a.toma.ic tra.smissions(a.)a.plica.ion using pa.er friction linings.

关键词： Clutch Running-in Test method Pa.er friction lining

On the experimenta. cha.a.teriza.ion of the fluid volume influence on the friction between rough surfa.es

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Friction 2023年第7期11卷 1334-1348页

作者： Luka. stahl Micha.l MÜLLER Georg-Peter OSTERMEYER Institute of Dyna.ics a.d Vibra.ions Technische Universität BraunschweigBraunschweig 37106Germany

The loa.-bea.ing beha.iour of lubrica.ed conta.ts depends prima.ily on the norma. force,the rela.ive velocity,a.d the ***,with the a.d of the Stribeck curve,it is usua.ly well possible to cha.a.terize whether hydrodyna.ics,mixed friction,or bounda.y friction is more likely to be *** fa.t tha. the loa. regime ca. a.so depend on the fluid qua.tity is obvious,but ha. ha.dly been systema.ica.ly investiga.ed so *** for conta.ts with microscopic roughness,the defined a.plica.ion of a.very sma.l a.ount of fluid is a.very cha.lenging *** this pa.er,a.very funda.enta. study shows how a.pin-on-disc tribometer ca. be used to a.hieve the tra.sition from dry friction via.mixed friction to predomina.t hydrodyna.ics by the a.ount of supplied *** experiments a.e ca.ried out on sa.ples filed with different *** a.dition,the simulta.eous influence of pa.tia. filling a.d norma. force a. well a. rela.ive velocity is a.so *** good reproducibility ha. been pra.tica.ly rea.hed over the entire ra.ge of the *** the qua.tities for the coefficient of friction(COF),it wa. concluded tha. close to full filling,a.reduction of the fluid qua.tity ha. a.simila. effect on the COF a. the reduction of the *** property goes a.ong with the common theory of sta.ved lubrica.ed *** beha.iour wa. not observed to the sa.e extent for the norma. *** the vicinity of sma.ler fluid qua.tities,the COF increa.es very ra.idly with further reduction in fluid qua.tity,fa. more disproportiona.ely tha. tha. with reduction in *** a.deeper understa.ding of this problem,va.ious pra.tica. issues such a. idling or the run-up process in bea.ings ca. a.so be studied in a.more focused ma.ner.

关键词： sta.ved lubrica.ion Stribeck curve pin-on-disc tribometer fluid supply experimenta. studies

Numerica. Visua.iza.ion of Grea.e Flow in a.Gea.box

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Chinese Journa. of Mecha.ica. Engineering 2023年第2期36卷 220-233页

作者： Hua.Liu Floria. Da.gl Thoma. Lohner Ka.sten stahl School of Engineering&Design Department of Mechanical EngineeringTechnical University of MunichGear Research Center(FZG)BoltzmannstraBe1585748 Garching near MunichGermany

Lubrica.ing grea.es a.e widely used in *** gea. drives a.d gea.boxes with difficult sea.ing *** efficiency a.d hea. ba.a.ce of grea.e-lubrica.ed gea.boxes depend strongly on the lubrica.ion mecha.isms cha.neling a.d circula.ing,for which the grea.e flow is *** computa.iona. fluid dyna.ics opens up the possibility to visua.ize a.d understa.d the grea.e flow in gea.boxes in more *** this study,a.single-sta.e gea.box lubrica.ed with a. NLGI 1-2 grea.e wa. modeled by the finite-volume method to numerica.ly investiga.e the fluid *** show tha. the rota.ing gea.s influence the grea.e sump only loca.ly a.ound the *** a.low grea.e fill volume,the rota.ion of the gea.s is widely sepa.a.ed from the grea.e *** a.high grea.e fill volume,a.pronounced gea.grea.e intera.tion results in a.circula.ing grea.e flow a.ound the *** simula.ed grea.e distributions show good a.corda.ce with high-speed ca.era.recordings.

关键词： Lubrica.ion Grea.e Tra.smission Gea.box Computa.iona. fluid dyna.ics

Cha.lenges in determina.ion of microscopic degree of clea.liness in ultra.clea. gea. steels

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Journa. of Iron a.d Steel Resea.ch Interna.iona. 2022年第10期29卷 1583-1600页

作者： D.Fuchs T.Tobie K.stahl Gea. Resea.ch Center(FZG) Technical University of Munich85748 GarchingGermany

Shot-peened,ca.e-ha.dened gea.s ca. fa.l in the tooth root due to cra.k initia.ion below the surfa.e of the steel ***,the cra.k is initia.ed a. a.non-meta.lic inclusion in the center of a.so-ca.led *** fa.lure type ca. lea. to a.reduced endura.ce fa.igue limit of the *** is for this rea.on tha.,over the la.t deca.e,much effort ha. been invested by steel ma.ufa.turers to reduce the non-meta.lic inclusion content of gea. steels so a. to mitiga.e or even completely prevent such cra.k *** ultra.clea. gea. steels were a.hieved by va.ious mea.ures in the steel production ***,a. a.result,the rema.ning non-meta.lic inclusions a.e inhomogeneously distributed in the steel volume in terms of both size a.d ***,due to the inhomogeneity of ultra.clea. steels,the question a.ose if the va.ues derived a.cording to the sta.da.ds a.e still representa.ive of ultra.clea. steel *** results show tha. the sta.da.ds ca. still be a.plied,but more effort must be *** determine the degree of clea.liness,six microsections a.e currently eva.ua.ed a.cording to steel test specifica.ion(SEP)1571,method *** is shown tha. a. exa.ina.ion of 24 microsections sta.ting from size cla.s 0 seems beneficia. to get more relia.le a.d compa.a.le results of the degree of clea.liness of these ultra.clea. gea. *** a.dition,it is shown tha. a.high degree of clea.liness ha. been a.hieved for a.l steel ba.ches investiga.ed with the mea.ures ta.en in the steel production process.

关键词： Degree of clea.liness Non-meta.lic inclusion Eva.ua.ion of inclusion SEP 1571 DIN 50602 Ultra.onic immersion testing Ultra.clea. gea. steel Gea.

Medica. thera.y for sperma.ogenic fa.lure

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a.ia. Journa. of a.drology 2012年第1期14卷 57-60,176页

作者： Ra.jith Ra.a.a.y Peter J stahl Peter N Schlegel Depa.tment of Urology Weill Cornell Medical College New York NY 10065 USA

Medica. trea.ment of men with prima.y sperma.ogenic fa.lure rema.ns la.gely ineffective in contra.t to those with seconda.y testicula. fa.lure. Trea.ment ha. been a.tempted with a.multitude of a.ents ra.ging from hormones to nutritiona. supplements （a.tioxida.ts）. While some studies ha.e demonstra.ed benefit to some trea.ments, no trea.ments ha.e consistently demonstra.ed effica.y nor ha. it been possible to relia.ly identify pa.ients likely to benefit. Idiopa.hic sperma.ogenic fa.lure likely results from multiple discrete defects in sperm production tha. a.e a. yet unidentified. a.better understa.ding of these defects will yield more effective trea.ment options a.d a.propria.e tria.e of pa.ients to specific thera.eutic regimens. This review focuses on the ra.iona.e a.d current evidence for hormona. a.d a.tioxida.t thera.y in medica. trea.ment of ma.e infertility, sperma.ogenic fa.lure in pa.ticula.. a.though empiric medica. thera.y for sperma.ogenic fa.lure ha. been la.gely repla.ed by a.sisted reproductive techniques, both trea.ment moda.ities could pla. a.role, oerha.s a. combina.ion thera.y.

关键词： a.tioxida.t hormones ma.e infertility sperm sperma.ogenesis sperma.ogenic fa.lure testicula. fa.lure