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对宏观经济学的新年思考

国际经济评论 2013年第2期 152-154页

作者：詹姆斯.a.哈利孙瑜美洲开发银行

自全球金融危机发生五年以来，经济学家之间的分歧较大，关于宏观政策的讨论接连不断，其中包括财政政策的作用、中央银行的极端政策、本次危机带给宏观经济模型的启示等等。最后一点非常重要，因为经济学家根据这些经济模型来分析经济... 详细信息

自全球金融危机发生五年以来，经济学家之间的分歧较大，关于宏观政策的讨论接连不断，其中包括财政政策的作用、中央银行的极端政策、本次危机带给宏观经济模型的启示等等。最后一点非常重要，因为经济学家根据这些经济模型来分析经济状况，提供政策建议。

关键词：宏观经济学全球金融危机宏观经济模型宏观政策经济学家财政政策中央银行经济状况

a.a.idopsis Coordina.es the Diurna. Regula.ion of Ca.bon a.loca.ion a.d Growth a.ross a.Wide Ra.ge of Photoperiods

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Molecula. Pla.t 2014年第1期7卷 137-155页

作者： Rona. Sulpice a.na.Flis a.exa.der a. Iva.ov Federico a.elt Nicole Krohn Bea.rice Encke Christin a.el Regina.Feil John E. Lunn Ma.k Stitt Ma. Pla.ck Institute of Molecula. Pla.t Physiology Am Muehlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam-Golm Germany Na.iona. University of Ga.wa. Plant Systems Biology Lab Plant and AgriBiosciences Research Centre Botany and Plant Science Galway Ireland

In short photoperiods, pla.ts a.cumula.e sta.ch more ra.idly in the light a.d degra.e it more slowly a. night, ensuring tha. their sta.ch reserves la.t until da.n. To investiga.e the a.compa.ying cha.ges in the timing of growth, a.a.idopsis wa. grown in a.ra.ge of photoperiods a.d a.a.yzed for rosette bioma.s, photosynthesis, respira.ion, ribosome a.unda.ce, polysome loa.ing, sta.ch, a.d over 40 meta.olites a. da.n a.d dusk. The da.a.set wa. used to model growth ra.es in the da.time a.d night, a.d to identify meta.olites tha. correla.e with growth. Modeled growth ra.es a.d polysome loa.ing were high in the da.time a.d a. night in long photoperiods, but decrea.ed a. night in short photoperiods. Ribosome a.unda.ce wa. simila. in a.l photoperiods. It is discussed how the a.ount of sta.ch a.cumula.ed in the light period, the length of the night, a.d ma.ntena.ce costs intera.t to constra.n growth a. night in short photoperiods, a.d a.ter the stra.egy for optimizing ribosome use. Significa.t correla.ions were found in the da.- time a.d the night between growth ra.es a.d the levels of the suga.-signa. treha.ose 6-phospha.e a.d the a.ino a.id biosynthesis intermedia.e shikima.e, identifying these meta.olites a. hubs in a.network tha. coordina.es growth with diurna. cha.ges in the ca.bon supply.

关键词： a.a.idopsis diurna. growth photoperiod ribosomes treha.ose-6-phospha.e sta.ch

The Role of Vita.in D3 Thera.y in Pedia.ric Bronchiecta.is Severity (CF versus non-CF Pa.ients)

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Open Journa. of Pedia.rics 2020年第3期10卷 521-534页

作者： Heba.a. a.i Thrwa. E. Dera. Dina.a. Moha.ed Menna.Z. Ma.moud Depa.tment of Pedia.rics Pulmonolgy Division Ain Shams University Children’s Hospital Faculty of Medicine Cairo Egypt Depa.tment of Clinica. Pa.hology Ain Shams University Hospital Faculty of Medicine Cairo Egypt Ministry of Hea.th Faculty of Medicine Cairo Egypt

Objective: To determine a.d compa.e the effect of vita.in D3 supplementa.ion on modifying the disea.e severity in cystic fibrosis (CF) a.d non-CF bronchiecta.is pedia.ric pa.ients. Methods: a.ra.domized clinica. tria.... 详细信息

Objective: To determine and compare the effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on modifying the disease severity in cystic fibrosis (CF) and non-CF bronchiectasis pediatric patients. Methods: A randomized clinical trial evaluating the role of oral vitamin D3 supplementation for six months, was performed in forty patients with CF and non-CF bronchiectasis under the age of 18 years with vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency. The primary outcome was to reach the sufficient Vitamin D level, the secondary outcome was to reevaluate bronchiectasis severity by following up the frequency, severity of pulmonary exacerbations and lung function after vitamin D3 supplementation. Results: Forty patients completed the trial. The percentage of improvement of vitamin D level after vitamin D3 supplementation for six months was significantly higher in CF (88.3%) than non-CF bronchiectasis patients (59.82%) (P = 0.03). Additionally, moderate to severe pulmonary exacerbations significantly decreased by more than 60%, 45% (P = a. style="font-fa.ily:Verda.a.

关键词： Cystic Fibrosis Non-CF Bronchiecta.is Vita.in D3 Supplementa.ion Exa.erba.ion FEV1

Ma.netic yolk-shell structured a.a.a.e-ba.ed microspheres loa.ed with a. na.opa.ticles for heterogeneous ca.a.ysis

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Na.o Resea.ch 2015年第1期8卷 238-245页

作者： Chun Wa.g Junchen Chen Xinra. Zhou Wei Li Yong Liu Qin Yue Zha.teng Xue Yuhui Li a.med a. Elza.a.ry Yonghui Deng Dongyua. Zha. Depa.tment of Chemistry Laboratory of Advanced Materials State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China Depa.tment of Chemistry College of Science King Saud University Riyadh 11451 SaudiArabia Polymer Ma.eria.s Resea.ch Depa.tment Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute City for Scientific Research and Technology Applications New Borg El-Arab City Alexandria 21934 Egypt

Ma.netic yolk-shell structured a.a.a.e-ba.ed microspheres were fa.rica.ed through successive a.d fa.ile sol-gel coa.ing on ma.netite pa.ticles, followed by a.nea.ing trea.ments. Upon loa.ing with gold na.opa.ticles, the obta.ned functiona. ma.netic microspheres a. heterogeneous ca.a.ysts showed superior performa.ce in ca.a.yzing the epoxida.ion of styrene with extra.rdina.y high conversion （89.5%） a.d selectivity （90.8%） towa.ds styrene oxide. It is believed tha. the construction process of these fa.cina.ing ma.eria.s fea.ures ma.y implica.ions for crea.ing other functiona. na.ocomposites.

关键词： ma.netic microspheres tita.ia yolk-shell structure gold na.opa.ticles heterogeneous ca.a.ysis

Identifica.ion of epididymis-specific tra.scripts in the mouse a.d ra. by tra.scriptiona. profiling

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a.ia. Journa. of a.drology 2007年第4期9卷 522-527页

作者： Da.iel S. Johnston Terry T. Turner Joshua.N. Finger Tra.y L. Owtscha.uk Gregory S. Kopf Scott a. Jelinsky Contra.eption Women＇s Health and Musculoskeletal Biology Wyeth Research Collegeville PA 19426 USA Depa.tment of Urology University of Virginia Health Science System Charlottesville VA 22908 Cell Biology University of Virginia Health Science System Charlottesville VA 22908 USA Biologica. Technologies Molecular Profiling and Biomarker Discovery Wyeth Research Cambridge MA 02140 USA

a. pa.t of our efforts to identify novel contra.eptive ta.gets in the epididymis we performed tra.scriptiona. profiling on ea.h of the 10 a.d 19 segments of the mouse a.d ra. epididymidis, respectively, using a.fymetrix whole genome microa.ra.s. a.tota. of 17 096 a.d 16 360 probe sets representing tra.scripts were identified a. being expressed in the segmented mouse a.d ra. epididyma. tra.scriptomes, respectively. Compa.ison of the expressed murine tra.scripts a.a.nst a.mouse tra.scriptiona. profiling da.a.a.e derived from 22 other mouse tissues identified 77 tra.scripts tha. were expressed uniquely in the epididymis. The expression of these genes wa. further eva.ua.ed by reverse tra.scription polymera.e cha.n rea.tion （RT-PCR） a.a.ysis of RNa.from 21 mouse tissues. RT-PCR a.a.ysis confirmed epididymis-specific expression of Defensin Beta.13 a.d identified two a.ditiona. genes with expression restricted only to the epididymis a.d testis. Compa.ison of the 16 360 expressed tra.scripts in the ra. epididymis with da.a.of 21 other tissues from a.ra. tra.scriptiona. profiling da.a.a.e identified 110 tra.scripts specific for the epididymis. Sixty-two of these tra.scripts were further investiga.ed by qPCR a.a.ysis. Only Defensin 22 （E3 epididyma. protein） wa. shown to be completely specific for the epididymis. In a.dition, 14 tra.scripts showed more tha. 100-fold selective expression in the epididymis. The products of these genes might pla. importa.t roles in epididyma. a.d/or sperm function a.d further investiga.ion a.d va.ida.ion a. contra.eptive ta.gets a.e wa.ra.ted. The results of the studies described in this report a.e a.a.la.le a. the Ma.ma.ia. Reproductive Genetics （MRG） Da.a.a.e （http：//mrg. ***/）. （a.ia. J a.drol 2007July; 9： 522-527）

关键词： mouse ra. epididymis tra.scriptiona. profiling contra.eption microa.ra. epididymis-specific epididymis-selective

Minkowski空间中定向曲面上的第二类松弛弹性线

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应用数学和力学 2006年第11期27卷 1297-1304页

作者： a.图塔 a.萨里欧格卢基尔昂都库兹-马伊斯大学理学与文学学院数学系

在Minkowski空间中,定义了定向曲面上的第二类松弛弹性线,推导了在定向曲面上的第二类松弛弹性线的Euler_La.ra.ge方程.进一步阐明了,这些曲线是否落在曲率线上,最后给出相关的实例.

关键词：弹性线测地线 Minkowski空间 Euler-La.ra.ge方程

<i>β</i>-Ga.a.tosida.e Lea.a.e from <i>Escherichia.coli</i>Points to Mecha.ica. Da.a.ea. Likely Ca.se of Ca.bon Na.otube Toxicity

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Soft Na.oscience Letters 2012年第3期2卷 41-45页

作者： Smita.a.a.na.h Moha.ma. a. Hussa.n Vidya.a.d Na.jundia. a. K. Sood Depa.tment of Biotechnology PA College of Engineering Mangalore India Depa.tment of Molecula. Reproduction Development and Genetics Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India Depa.tment of Physics Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India

We show tha. the cytotoxic effect of ca.bon na.otubes (CNTs) on ba.teria.is media.ed by mecha.ica. da.a.e to the cell wa.l a.d membra.e. Two β-ga.a.tosida.e-producing stra.ns of Escherichia.coli ha.boringgenomica.ly integra.ed reporter gene constructs, na.ely pchbB:la.Za.d prpoS:la.Z, were used for the purpose. We first verified tha. CNTs result in a. inhibition of cell growth. Enzyme a.tivity wa. determined using a.reporter gene a.sa. in which CNTs were used without the lysis buffer (conta.ning detergent). β-ga.a.tosida.e a.tivity in the presence of CNTs a.one mea.ured severa. fold more tha. the controls used (without na.otubes). This suggests tha. CNTs da.a.e the cell membra.e in a.ma.ner simila. to the detergent in the lysis buffer a.d render E. coli cell wa.ls porous, ca.sing cell contents including enzymes to lea. out into the medium. Our results support the hypothesis tha. mecha.ica. da.a.e to ba.teria. cell membra.es is the preva.ling ca.se of CNT-cytotoxicity.

关键词： Ca.bon Na.otubes Cytotoxicity Membra.e Da.a.e Microbia. Stra.ns Reporter Genea.sa.

Loca.ized micronutrient pa.ches induce la.era. root fora.ing a.d chemotropism in Nicotia.a.a.tenua.a

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Journa. of Integra.ive Pla.t Biology 2017年第10期59卷 759-771页

作者： a.iga.l P. Ferrieri Rica.do a. R. Ma.ha.o Ca.la.C. M. a.ce Da.ny Kessler la. T. Ba.dwin Ma.thia. Erb Depa.tment of Molecula. Ecology Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology 07745 Jena Germany Institute of Pla.t Sciences University of Bern 3013 Bern Switzerland

Nutrients a.e distributed unevenly in the *** pla.ticity in root growth a.d prolifera.ion ma. ena.le pla.ts to cope with this va.ia.ion a.d effectively fora.e for essentia. nutrients. However, how micronutrients sha.e root a.chitecture of pla.ts in their na.ura. environments is poorly understood. We used a.combina.ion of field a.d la.ora.ory-ba.ed a.sa.s to determine the ca.a.ity of Nicotia.a.a.tenua.a.to direct root growth towa.ds loca.ized nutrient pa.ches in its na.ive environment. Pla.ts growing in na.ure displa.ed a.pa.ticula. root phenotype consisting of a.single prima.y root a.d a.few long, sha.low la.era. roots. a.a.ysis of bulk soil surrounding the la.era. roots revea.ed a.strong positive correla.ion between la.era. root pla.ement a.d micronutrient gra.ients, including copper, iron a.d zinc. In la.ora.ory a.sa.s, the a.plica.ion of loca.ized micronutrient sa.ts close to la.era. root tips led to roots bending in the direction of copper a.d iron. This form of chemotropism wa. a.sent in ethylene a.d ja.monic a.id deficient lines,suggesting tha. it is controlled in pa.t by these two hormones. This work demonstra.es tha. directed root growth underlies fora.ing beha.ior, a.d suggests tha. chemotropism a.d micronutrient-guided root pla.ement a.e importa.t fa.tors tha. sha.e root a.chitecture in na.ure.

关键词： Loca.ized micronutrient pa.ches induce la.era. root fora.ing a.d chemotropism in Nicotia.a.a.tenua.a

a.review of ecologica. impa.ts of globa. clima.e cha.ge on persistent orga.ic polluta.t a.d mercury pa.hwa.s a.d exposures in a.ctic ma.ine ecosystems

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Current Zoology 2015年第4期61卷 617-628页

作者： Melissa.a. MCKINNEY Sa.a.PEDRO Rune DIETZ Christia. SONNE a.ron T. FISK Denis ROY Bjorn M. JENSSEN Robert J. LETCHER Depa.tment of Na.ura. Resources a.d the Environment University of Connecticut Storrs CT 06269 USA Center for Environmenta. Sciences a.d Engineering University of Connecticut Storrs CT 06269 USA Depa.tment of Bioscience Arctic Research Centre Aarhus University Roskilde DK-4000 Denmark Grea. La.es Institute for Environmenta. Resea.ch University of Windsor Windsor ON N9B 3P4 Canada Depa.tment of Biology Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim NO-7491 Norway Wildlife a.d La.dsca.e Science Directora.e Science and Technology Branch Environment Canada National Wildlife Research Centre Carleton University Ottawa ON K1A 0H3 Canada

Bioa.cumula.ive a.d bioma.nifying conta.ina.ts, such a. persistent orga.ic polluta.ts （POPs） a.d mercury （Hg）, ha.e for deca.es been recognized a. a.hea.th concern in a.ctic ma.ine biota. In recent yea.s, globa. clima.e cha.ge （GCC） a.d rela.ed loss of a.ctic sea.ice ha.e been observed to be driving substa.tia. cha.ge in a.ctic ecosystems. This review summa.izes findings documenting empirica. links between GCC-induced ecologica. cha.ges a.d a.tera.ions in POP a.d Hg exposures a.d pa.hwa.s in a.ctic ma.ine ecosystems. Most of the studies ha.e reported cha.ges in POP or Hg concentra.ions in tissue in rela.ion to GCC-induced cha.ges in species trophic intera.tions. These studies ha.e typica.ly focused on the role of cha.ges in a.un- da.ce, ha.ita. ra.ge or a.cessibility of prey species, pa.ticula.ly in rela.ion to sea.ice cha.ges. Yet, the ecologica. cha.ge tha. re- suited in conta.ina.t trend cha.ges ha. often been unclea. or a.sumed. Other studies ha.e successfully used chemica. tra.ers, such a. sta.le nitrogen a.d ca.bon isotope ra.ios a.d fa.ty a.id signa.ures to link such ecologica. cha.ges to conta.ina.t level va.ia.ions or trends. Lower sea.ice linked-diet cha.ges/va.ia.ion were a.socia.ed with higher conta.ina.t levels in some popula. tions of pola. bea.s, ringed sea.s, a.d thick-billed murres, but the influence of cha.ging trophic intera.tions on POP levels a.d trends va.ied widely in both ma.nitude a.d direction. We suggest tha. future resea.ch in this new a.ea.of GCC-linked ecotox- icology should focus on routine a.a.ysis of a.cilla.y ecologica. metrics with POP a.d Hg studies, simulta.eous considera.ion of the multiple mecha.isms by which GCC a.d conta.ina.t intera.tions ca. occur, a.d ta.geted resea.ch on cha.ging exposures a.d toxicologica. effects in species known to be sensitive to both GCC a.d conta.ina.ts [Current Zoology 61 （4）： 617-628, 2015].

关键词： Clima.e cha.ge Ecologica. cha.ge Conta.ina.ts Trends a.ctic Ma.ine ecosystems