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Hydrogen Production Technologies Overview

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Journa. of Power a.d Energy Engineering 2019年第1期7卷 107-154页

作者： Mosta.a.El-Sha.ie Shinji Ka.ba.a.Yukio hayakawa Environmenta. a.d Renewa.le Energy Systems Division Gifu University Gifu City Japan

Hydrogen energy beca.e the most significa.t energy a. the current dema.d gra.ua.ly sta.ts to increa.e. Hydrogen energy is a. importa.t key solution to ta.kle the globa. tempera.ure rise. The key importa.t fa.tor of hydrogen production is the hydrogen economy. Hydrogen production technologies a.e commercia.ly a.a.la.le, while some of these technologies a.e still under development. This pa.er reviews the hydrogen production technologies from both fossil a.d non-fossil fuels such a. (stea. reforming, pa.tia. oxida.ion, a.to therma., pyrolysis, a.d pla.ma.technology). a.ditiona.ly, wa.er electrolysis technology wa. reviewed. Wa.er electrolysis ca. be combined with the renewa.le energy to get eco-friendly technology. Currently, the ma.imum hydrogen fuel productions were registered from the stea. reforming, ga.ifica.ion, a.d pa.tia. oxida.ion technologies using fossil fuels. These technologies ha.e different cha.lenges such a. the tota. energy consumption a.d ca.bon emissions to the environment a.e still too high. a.novel non-fossil fuel method [a.monia.NH3] for hydrogen production using pla.ma.technology wa. reviewed. a.monia.decomposition using pla.ma.technology without a.d with a.ca.a.yst to produce pure hydrogen wa. considered a. compa.ed ca.e studies. It wa. showed tha. the efficiency of a.monia.decomposition using the ca.a.yst wa. higher tha. a.monia.decomposition without the ca.a.yst. The ma.imum hydrogen energy efficiency obta.ned from the developed a.monia.decomposition system wa. 28.3% with a.hydrogen purity of 99.99%. The development of a.monia.decomposition processes is continues for hydrogen production, a.d it will likely become commercia. a.d be used a. a.pure hydrogen energy source.

关键词： Hydrogen Technology Hydrogen Production Stea. Reforming Pla.ma a.monia Decomposition

a.Study on the Correla.ion of Milk Yield of Cows with Seismicity a.d ULF Ma.netic Field Va.ia.ions

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Open Journa. of Ea.thqua.e Resea.ch 2016年第4期5卷 206-218页

作者： Ma.a.hi hayakawa Tomoka.u a.a.o a.exa.der Schekotov Hiroyuki Ya.a.chi hayakawa Institute of Seismo Electroma.netics Co. Ltd. University of Electro-Communications (UEC) Incubation Center Chofu Japan a.va.ced Wireless & Communica.ions Resea.ch Center UEC Chofu Japan Institute of Physics of the Ea.th Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia Depa.tment of Huma. a.d a.ima.-Pla.t Rela.ionships Azabu University Sagamihara Japan

a.sta.istica. study on the ba.is of one-yea. da.a.of 2014 ha. been performed in order to find whether a.norma. a.ima. beha.ior is rela.ed with seismic a.tivity a.d a.so whether the ULF (Ultra.Low Frequency) electroma.netic ra.ia.ion might be a.possible sensory mecha.ism of a.norma. a.ima. beha.ior. a.norma. a.ima. beha.ior ha. been studied with the use of digita.ly recorded milk yield of cows a. Iba.a.i Prefecture Livestock Sta.ion, a.d the ULF ma.netic field cha.ges ha.e been studied with the da.a.a. a.ma.netic observa.ory of Ka.ioka. a. the result of correla.ion a.a.yses, clea. responses a.e observed for both the milk yield of cows a.d ULF ma.netic field cha.ges (both ULF ra.ia.ion (ULF emissions from the lithosphere) a.d ULF depression (a. a. indica.or of lower ionospheric perturba.ions)) for most powerful a.d not dista.t ea.thqua.es (EQs) with ma.nitude > 6, tha. is, the milk yield of cows is found to exhibit a.conspicuous depletion a.out 17 - 18 da.s before a. EQ, though the correla.ion coefficient is not so big. a.other importa.t objective in this pa.er is to identify tha. ULF ra.ia.ion is the ma.n a.ent of a.norma. beha.ior so tha. we ha.e compa.ed the tempora. evolutions of milk yield of cows, ULF ra.ia.ion a.d ULF depression for three ma.or EQs. a. a.result, it is found tha. ULF ra.ia.ion ha.pens, a. lea.t, during the periods of a.norma. depletion of milk yield of cows.

关键词： Milk Yield of Cows Correla.ion a.a.yses Ea.thqua.e Prediction ULF Ra.ia.ion ULF Depression

CO2 ca.ture by a.ueous a.monia.process in the clea. development mecha.ism for Nigeria. oil industry

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Frontiers of Chemica. Science a.d Engineering 2013年第3期7卷 366-380页

作者： a. a. Ola.ire Industria. a.d Environmenta. Chemistry Unit Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Ogbomoso Nigeria

The clea. development mecha.ism （CDM） of the Kyoto Protocol offers developing countries the opportunity to pa.ticipa.e in the effort to reduce globa. greenhouse ga. levels a.d a.so benefit from susta.na.le development opportunities. To da.e, the ma.ority of CDM investments ha.e gone to emerging ma.kets such a. China. India. Bra.il, a.d Mexico, while developing countries such a. Nigeria.ha.e la.gely been a.sent from the progra.. Chemica. sequestra.ion using a.ueous a.monia.process （a.P） offers a.clea. low ca.bon technology for the efficient conversion of ca.tured C02 into clea. C02 which could be injected into oil field for enha.ced oil recovery or a. fertilizer source. CDM-CCS （ca.bon ca.ture a.d stora.e） project with a.P ha. the potentia. a. intervention for levera.ing susta.na.le livelihood development （orga.ic fertilizer for food production） a. well a. for ta.kling loca. （la.d a.r a.d wa.er） a.d globa. pollution （reduce metha.e, SOx a.d NOx emissions）.

关键词： CO2 ca.ture CDM a.P EOR fertilizer

The Effect of Pola.iza.ion Potentia.s on Proton-Lithium Inela.tic Sca.tering

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Chinese Physics Letters 2014年第9期31卷 52-56页

作者： S. a. Elkila.y a. a. a.-Da.y Depa.tment of Ma.hema.ics Faculty of Science Ad Darnmam University Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Depa.tment of Ma.hema.ics Faculty of Science Kafrelsheikh University Kafrelsheikh Egypt

We dea. with the effect of pola.iza.ion potentia.s on the inela.tic sca.tering of protons by lithium a.oms a. a.two-cha.nel problem in which the ela.tic a.d hydrogen （2s-sta.e） forma.ion cha.nels a.e open a. energies between 10 a.d lO00 keV. For this purpose, we improve the coupled-sta.ic a.proxima.ion within the fra.ework of the frozen-core picture of the ta.get a.om. We use the Lippma.n-Schwinger equa.ion a.d a. itera.ive numerica. method to obta.n the computer code. This ca. be ca.ried out by ca.cula.ing the rea.ta.ce ma.rix then to obta.n the tra.sition ma.rix tha. gives pa.tia. a.d tota. cross sections. Our results a.d those determined by previous resea.chers give rea.ona.le a.reement.

关键词： Inela.tic sca.tering

Microstructura. Eva.ua.ion of 410 SS/Cu Diffusion-Bonded Joint

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Journa. of Ma.eria.s Science & Technology 2010年第2期26卷 163-169页

作者： H. Sa.etgha.a. a. Za.ei Ha.za.i a. a.a.e a. Ha.ia. School of Meta.lurgica. a.d Ma.eria.s Engineering University of Tehran School of Mecha.ica. Engineering University of Tehran

In the present study, a.gra.e of sta.nless steel （SS, 410） a.d copper pla.es were joined through diffusion bonding by using a.nickel interla.er a. tempera.ure ra.ge of 800-950℃. These were performed through pressing the specimens under a.pressure of 12 MPa.for 60 min under 1.33×10-2 Pa.（10-4 torr） va.uum. The microstructure a.d pha.e constitution nea. the diffusion bonding interfa.e of Cu/Ni a.d Ni/SS were studied by optica. microscopy （OM）, sca.ning electron microscopy （SEM）, X-ra. diffra.tion （XRD） a.d a. elementa. a.a.yses through energy dispersive spectrometry （EDS）. The results indica.ed tha. a. obvious diffusion zone wa. formed nea. both Cu/Ni a.d Ni/SS interfa.es during the va.uum diffusion bonding. The thickness of rea.tion la.er in both interfa.es wa. increa.ed with increa.ing process tempera.ure. The diffusion tra.sition region nea. the Cu/Ni a.d Ni/SS interfa.es consist of complete solid solution zone a.d va.ious pha.es ba.ed on （Fe, Ni）, （Fe, Cr, Ni） a.d （Fe, Cr）, respectively. From EDS results, three different mixtures of pha.es were distinguished in SS-Ni interfa.e. The a.tiva.ion energy a.d ra.e consta.t were determined for the growth of these rea.tion la.ers a.d the va.ues become ma.imum for the （γFe＋Cr＋αFe＋Cr）.pha.e mixture.

关键词： 410 ma.tensitic sta.nless steel Nickel foil Diffusion bonding Solid sta.e rea.tions

a.compa.ison of lignin-degra.ing enzyme a.tivities in forest floor la.ers a.ross a.globa. clima.ic gra.ient

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Soil Ecology Letters 2020年第4期2卷 281-294页

作者： Ka.umichi Fujii Yuji Na.a.a.Kiwa.u Umeza.a.Ma.oto Yoshida.Ma.oto Shiba.a.Chie hayakawa Yoshiyuki Ina.a.i Ta.a.hi Kosa.i Rya. Ha.gs Forestry a.d Forest Products Resea.ch Institute Tsukuba 305-8687Japan Institute of a.riculture Tokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyTokyo 183-8509Japan Fa.ulty of a.riculture Kindai UniversityNara 631-8505Japan Niiga.a.a.ro-Food University Niigata 959-2702Japan Fa.ulty of a.riculture Utsunomiya UniversityUtsunomiya 321-8505Japan Fa.ulty of Interna.iona. Communica.ion Aichi UniversityNagoya 453-8777Japan Depa.tment of Soil Science Saskatchewan UniversitySaskatchewan S7N 5A8Canada

Ra.id litter turnover in tropica. forests a.d during summer sea.ons might be due to increa.es in ligninolytic enzyme a.tivities during wa.mer *** compa.ed ligninolytic enzyme a.tivity[lignin peroxida.e(LiP),ma.ga.ese peroxida.e(MnP),a.d la.ca.e(La.)]in the orga.ic la.ers of forest soils a.ross a.globa. clima.e *** expected,MnP a.tivities in fresh litter la.ers increa.ed with increa.ing a.r *** Mn/lignin ra.ios correla.e positively with MnP a.tivity a.d more ra.id litter turnover in wa.mer *** contra.t,LiP a.d La. a.tivities a.e regula.ed by site-specific *** a.tivity is commonly observed in less a.idic fresh litter la.ers,while LiP a.tivity loca.izes in a.idified a.d lignin-rich deeper orga.ic *** widesprea. occurrence of MnP a.d a. increa.e in MnP a.tivities in wa.mer clima.es support efficient lignin degra.a.ion in the tropics a.d during summer *** Mn/lignin ra.ios in fresh litter could be a. indica.or of lignin degra.a.ility by MnPproducing fungi a.ross globa. clima.e gra.ients.

关键词： a.idifica.ion Ligninolysis Litter decomposition Ma.ga.ese White-rot fungi

Forma.ion of Ionospheric Precursors of Ea.thqua.es—Proba.le Mecha.ism a.d Its Substa.tia.ion

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Open Journa. of Ea.thqua.e Resea.ch 2020年第2期9卷 142-169页

作者： Georgii Lizunov Ta.ia.a.Skorokhod Ma.a.hi hayakawa Va.ery Korepa.ov Spa.e Resea.ch Institute Kyiv Ukraine hayakawa Institute of Seismo Electroma.netics Co. Ltd. Tokyo Japan Lviv Center of Institute for Spa.e Resea.ch Lviv Ukraine

The purpose of this a.ticle is to a.tra.t the a.tention of the scientific community to a.mospheric gra.ity wa.es (GWs) a. the most likely mecha.ism for the tra.sfer of energy from the surfa.e la.ers of the a.mosphere to spa.e heights a.d describe the cha.nel of seismic-ionospheric rela.ions formed in this wa.. The a.ticle begins with a.description a.d critica. compa.ison of severa. ba.ic mecha.isms of a.tion on the ionosphere from below: the propa.a.ion of electroma.netic ra.ia.ion;the closure of the a.mospheric currents through the ionosphere;the penetra.ion of wa.es throughout the neutra. a.mosphere. a.further pa.t of the a.ticle is devoted to the a.a.ysis of theoretica. a.d experimenta. informa.ion rela.ing to the a.tua. GWs. Simple a.a.ytica. expressions a.e written tha. a.low one to ca.cula.e the pa.a.eters of GWs in specific experimenta. situa.ions. Specificity of GW dispersion properties a.d fea.ures of their propa.a.ion a.e a.a.yzed on this ma.hema.ica. ba.is, processes of a.plitude a.plifica.ion a.d dissipa.ion of GWs with height a.e investiga.ed, the mecha.ism of genera.ion of ionosphere-ma.netosphere current systems is described a.d their qua.tita.ive cha.a.teristics a.e determined. The experimenta. pa.t presents a. a.a.ysis of GWs globa. distribution in the thermosphere derived from the da.a.of the instrument Na.S (Neutra. a.mosphere Composition Spectrometer) onboa.d the sa.ellite DE-2 (Na.a. 1981-1983). The sta.istica. a.socia.ion of registered ionospheric disturba.ces with ea.thqua.es is demonstra.ed. The results of DE-2 da.a.processing a.e ba.ked up by compa.ison with da.a.from the DEMETER sa.ellite (CNES, 2005-2010) whose purpose wa. to study the ionospheric effects of ea.thqua.es. Specific fea.ures of GWs tha. cha.a.terize these wa.es a. a.fa.tor of influence on the ionosphere from below a.e indica.ed.

关键词： a.mospheric Gra.ity Wa.es Seismic-Ionospheric Coupling Thermosphere

Therma. sta.ility a.d mecha.ica. properties of Gd-Co-a. bulk gla.s a.loys

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 2007年第6期17卷 1220-1224页

作者：陈鼎 a. Ta.euchi a. Inoue Institute for Meta. Resea.ch Hunan University Institute for Ma.eria.s Resea.ch Toho ku University Sendai 980-8577 Japan

The gla.s forming a.ility of Gd-Co-a. terna.y a.loy systems with a.composition ra.ging from 50% to 70% (mola. fra.tion) for Gd a.d from 5% to 40% (mola. fra.tion) for a. were investiga.ed by copper mold ca.ting a.d Gd60Co25a.15 bulk gla.s a.loy cylinders with the ma.imum dia.eter of 5 mm were obta.ned. The reduced gla.s tra.sforma.ion tempera.ure (Tg/Tm) a.d the dista.ce of supercooling region △Tx a.e 0.616 a.d 45 K, respectively for this Gd-Co-a. a.loy. The compressive fra.ture strength (σf) a.d ela.tic modulus (E) of Gd-Co-a. gla.sy a.loys a.e 1 170-1 380 MPa.a.d 59-70 GPa. respectively. The Gd-a.-Co bulk gla.sy a.loys with high gla.s forming a.ility a.d good mecha.ica. properties a.e promising for the future development a. a.new type function ma.eria.s.

关键词： Gd-Co-a.合金热稳定性机械性质玻璃合金

Risk fa.tors for perfora.ion during endoscopic retrogra.e chola.giopa.crea.ogra.hy in post-reconstruction intestina. tra.t

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World Journa. of Clinica. Ca.es 2019年第1期7卷 10-18页

作者： Shinichi Ta.a.o Mitsuha.u Fuka.a.a.Hiroko Shindo Ei Ta.a.a.hi Sumio Hirose Yoshimitsu Fuka.a.a.Sa.oshi Ka.a.a.i Hiroshi hayakawa Hiroshi Yokomichi Ma.oto Ka.okura.Ta.a.hi Sa.o Nobuyuki Enomoto First Depa.tment of Interna. Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Yamanashi Yamanashi 409-3898 Japan Depa.tment of Hea.th Sciences Interdisciplinary Graduate School and Engineering University of Yamanashi Yamanashi 409-3898 Japan

Ba.KGROUND Endoscopic retrogra.e chola.giopa.crea.ogra.hy(ERCP) in pa.ients with surgica.ly a.tered a.a.omy ha. been a.ma.or cha.lenge to ga.trointestina. endoscopists with low success ra.es for rea.hing the ta.get site a. well a. high complica.ion ra.es. The knowledge of ERCP-rela.ed risk fa.tors is importa.t for reducing unexpected *** To identify ERCP-rela.ed risk fa.tors for perfora.ion in pa.ients with surgica.ly a.tered *** The medica. records of 187 pa.ients with surgica.ly a.tered a.a.omy who underwent ERCP a. our institution between a.ril 2009 a.d December 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. a. a.a.ysis of pa.ient da.a. including a.e, sex, type of reconstruction, ca.se of surgery, a.m of ERCP, success ra.e of rea.hing ta.get site,success ra.e of procedure, a.verse events, type of scope, time to rea.h the ta.get site, a.d dura.ion of procedure, wa. performed. In pa.ients with Billroth-Ⅱ reconstruction, a.ditiona. potentia. risk fa.tors were the sha.e of the inserted scope a.d whether the a.a.tomosis wa. a.tecolic or *** a.l pa.ients(n = 187) ha. surgica. a.a.omy, such a. Billroth-Ⅰ(n = 22), Billroth-Ⅱ(n = 33), Roux-en-Y(n = 54), Child, or Whipple reconstruction(n = 75). ERCP wa. performed for bilia.y dra.na.e in 43 ca.es(23%), stone remova. in 29 ca.es(16%),a.d stricture dila.ion of a.a.tomosis in 59 ca.es(32%). The scope wa. una.le to rea.h the ta.get site in 17 ca.es(9%), a.d a. a.med procedure could not be a.complished in 54 ca.es(29%). a.verse events were pa.crea.itis(3%),hypera.yla.emia.10%), chola.gitis(6%), cholesta.is(4%), excessive seda.ion(1%), perfora.ion(2%), a.d others(3%). Perfora.ion occurred in three ca.es, a.l of which were in pa.ients with Billroth-Ⅱ reconstruction; in these pa.ients, further a.a.ysis revea.ed loop-sha.ed insertion of the scope to be a.significa.t risk for perfora.ion(P = 0.01).CONCLUSION Risk fa.tors for perfora.ion during ERCP in pa.ients with surgica.ly a.tered a.a.omy were Billro

关键词： Surgica.ly a.tered a.a.omy Billroth-Ⅱ Endoscopic retrogra.e chola.giopa.crea.ogra.hy Perfora.ion