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a.review of resea.ch on sponta.eous combustion of coa.

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Interna.iona. Journa. of Mining Science a.d Technology 2020年第3期30卷 303-311页

作者： M.onifade B.Genc Depa.tment for Ma.a.ement of Science a.d Technology Development Ton Duc Thang UniversityHo Chi Minh CityVietnam Fa.ulty of a.plied Sciences Ton Duc Thang UniversityHo Chi Minh CityVietnam The School of Mining Engineering University of the WitwatersrandSouth Africa

Coa. oxida.ion a. low tempera.ures is the hea. source lia.le for the self-hea.ing a.d sponta.eous combustion of coa.. This phenomenon ha. imposed severe problems in coa. rela.ed industries. a.tempts to understa.d this phenomenon by previous resea.chers ha.e provided significa.t progress. It is wellknown tha. coa. oxida.ion a. low tempera.ures involves oxygen consumption a.d forma.ion of ga.eous a.d solid oxida.ion products. This process is ma.orly influenced by tempera.ure, oxida.ion history of coa.,coa. properties, pa.ticle size distribution of the coa., etc. The current understa.ding of the phenomenon of self-hea.ing a.d sponta.eous combustion of coa. is discussed a.ong with the different experimenta. a.d numerica. models esta.lished to predict self-hea.ing cha.a.teristics of coa.. This pa.er focuses on the globa. position of the study ca.ried out by a.a.emics, resea.ch institutes a.d industries on sponta.eous combustion of coa. a.d coa. mine fires. Within this fra.ework, the genera.ly used sponta.eous combustion techniques to predict the sponta.eous combustion lia.ility of coa. were eva.ua.ed. These techniques a.e well-known in their usa.e, but no specific method ha. become a.sta.da.d to predict the sponta.eous combustion lia.ility. Further study is still needed to indica.e a.number of impending issues a.d to obta.n a.more complete understa.ding on the phenomenon.

关键词： Coa.fields Experimenta. Numerica. Propensity Self-hea. Sta.istica. method

a.a.ysis of sponta.eous combustion lia.ility indices a.d coa. recording sta.da.ds/ba.is

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Interna.iona. Journa. of Mining Science a.d Technology 2020年第5期30卷 723-736页

作者： a.R.Gba.a.osi M.onifade B.Genc S.Rupprecht School of Mining Metallurgy and Chemical EngineeringUniversity of JohannesburgSouth Africa Depa.tment for Ma.a.ement of Science a.d Technology Development Ton Duc Thang UniversityHo Chi Minh CityViet Nam Fa.ulty of a.plied Sciences Ton Duc Thang UniversityHo Chi Minh CityViet Nam School of Mining Engineering University of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa

The cha.a.teriza.ion of the physica. a.d chemica. properties of coa. on a.sta.da.d provides a. understa.ding of its cha.a.teristics towa.ds sponta.eous *** trend of linea. rela.ionships between coa. recording sta.da.ds(%a.r-dried(a.),%dry(db)a.d%dry a.h free(da.)ba.is)of 30 selected coa. sa.ples from the Witba.k coa.fields a.d sponta.eous combustion lia.ility indices were *** sponta.eous combustion lia.ility indices of these sa.ples were eva.ua.ed by crossing point tempera.ure(XPT),Sta.e II Slope,FCC(Feng,Cha.ra.orty,Cochra.e)a.d the Wits-Eha. tests,while the coa. properties were determined from the proxima.e a.d ultima.e *** results obta.ned from these coa. properties were rela.ed to different lia.ility indices to develop trends of linea. rela.ionships using regression *** a. ba.is indica.ed higher correla.ion coefficients tha. the db a.d da. ba.is for the XPT a.d FCC index,while the da. showed higher correla.ion coefficients tha. the a. a.d db ba.is for the Wits-Eha. *** wa. found tha. the trend of linea. rela.ionships of these coa. properties differs from one lia.ility index to the *** XPTs showed a.better trend followed by the Sta.e II Slope on the coa. properties a.ong the sponta.eous combustion lia.ility indices eva.ua.ed.

关键词： Coa. ba.is Correla.ion a.a.ysis Lia.ility indices Sponta.eous combustion

Hiera.chica. a.proa.h for fa.igue cra.king performa.ce eva.ua.ion in a.pha.t pa.ements

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Frontiers of Structura. a.d Civil Engineering 2017年第3期11卷 257-269页

作者： Ibra.im onifade Ya.ed DINEGDa. Bjorn BIRGISSON Depa.tment of Civil a.d a.chitectura. Engineering KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden School of Engineering a.d a.plied Science Aston University Aston Triangle Birmingham B4 7ET United Kingdom

In this pa.er, a.hiera.chica. a.proa.h is proposed for the eva.ua.ion of fa.igue cra.king in a.pha.t concrete pa.ements considering three different levels of complexities in the representa.ion of the ma.eria. beha.iour, design pa.a.eters cha.a.teriza.ion a.d the determina.ion of the pa.ement response a. well a. da.a.e computa.ion. Ba.ed on the developed hiera.chica. a.proa.h, three da.a.e computa.ion levels a.e identified a.d proposed. The levels of fa.igue da.a.e a.a.ysis provides pa.ement engineers a.va.iety of tools tha. ca. be used for pa.ement a.a.ysis depending on the a.a.la.ility of da.a. required level of prediction a.cura.y a.d computa.iona. power a. their disposa.. The hiera.chica. a.proa.h a.so provides a.systema.ic a.proa.h for the understa.ding of the funda.enta. mecha.isms of pa.ement deteriora.ion, the elimina.ion of the empiricism a.socia.ed with pa.ement design toda. a.d the tra.sition towa.ds the use of sound principles of mecha.ics in pa.ement a.a.ysis a.d design.

关键词： fa.igue cra.king energy ba.ed cra.k initia.ion mecha.istic a.proa.h pa.ement a.a.ysis

Sponta.eous combustion lia.ility between coa. sea.s: a.thermogra.imetric study

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Interna.iona. Journa. of Mining Science a.d Technology 2020年第5期30卷 691-698页

作者： Moshood onifade Bekir Genc Sa.son Ba.a Depa.tment for Ma.a.ement of Science a.d Technology Development Ton Duc Thang UniversityHo Chi Minh City 700000Viet Nam Fa.ulty of a.plied Sciences Ton Duc Thang UniversityHo Chi Minh City 700000Viet Nam School of Mining Engineering University of the WitwatersrandJohannesburg 2050South Africa Clea. Coa. a.d Susta.na.le Energy Resea.ch Group Faculty of Engineering and the Built EnvironmentUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburg 2050South Africa

The sponta.eous combustion lia.ility of coa. ca. be determined by using different experimenta. *** techniques a.e well-known in their a.plica.ion,but no certa.n test method ha. become a.sta.da.d to prove the relia.ility of a.l of them.a.genera. cha.a.terisa.ion which included proxima.e a.d ultima.e a.a.yses,petrogra.hic properties a.d sponta.eous combustion tests(thermogra.imetric a.a.ysis(TGa.a.d the Wits-Eha. tests)were conducted on fourteen coa. a.d four coa.-sha.e *** sponta.eous combustion lia.ility of these sa.ples collected between coa. sea.s(a.ove a.d below)were predicted using the TGa.a.d the Wits-Eha. *** different hea.ing ra.es(3,6,9,15,20 a.d 25C/min)were selected ba.ed on the devia.ion coefficient to obta.n different deriva.ive slopes a.d a.lia.ility index termed the TGspc *** study found tha. coa. a.d coa.-sha.e undergo sponta.eous combustion between coa. sea.s when exposed to oxygen in the *** intrinsic properties a.d proneness towa.ds sponta.eous combustion differ considera.ly from one sea. to the *** Wits-Eha. test results a.reed with the TGspc results to a.certa.n extent a.d revea.ed the incidents of sponta.eous combustion in the coa. mines.

关键词： Crossing-point tempera.ure Thermogra.imetric a.a.ysis Wits-Eha. index TGspc index

Sponta.eous combustion of coa.s a.d coa.-sha.es

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Interna.iona. Journa. of Mining Science a.d Technology 2018年第6期28卷 933-940页

作者： M.onifade B.Genc The School of Mining Engineering University of the Witwatersrand

Sponta.eous combustion of coa. is a.well-known phenomena.a.ound the globe. a.a.t from the coa. itself,burning coa.-sha.es is becoming a.problem in the South a.rica. coa. mines. Serious incidents of sponta.eous combustion ha.e been reported a. a.result of self-hea.ing of rea.tive coa.-sha.es. The intrinsic properties a.d sponta.eous combustion tests of 28 selected coa. a.d coa.-sha.e sa.ples were conducted a.d a.rela.ionship between the two ha. been esta.lished. Intrinsic properties were obta.ned by using the proxima.e a.d ultima.e a.a.ysis, a.d sponta.eous combustion lia.ility tests results were obta.ned by using the Wits-Eha. a.d Wits-CT indices. The experimenta. results show tha. intrinsic properties of these ma.eria.s complement to the sponta.eous combustion lia.ility tests results. Compa.a.ive a.a.yses of intrinsic properties a.d sponta.eous combustion cha.a.teristics indica.e simila.ities between the mecha.ism of coa. oxida.ion a.d tha. of the oxida.ive processes undergone by coa.-sha.es. For the tested sa.ples, coa. sa.ples ha.e a.higher intrinsic sponta.eous combustion rea.tivity ra.ing tha. the ***, a. increa.e in ca.bon, moisture, hydrogen, vola.ile ma.ter, nitrogen a.d a.decrea.e in a.h content indica.e a. increa.ed proneness to self-hea.ing. The concentra.ion of pyrite found in the coa.-sha.es a.celera.es self-hea.ing. The event of sponta.eous combustion ca. occur if coa.-sha.es a.sorb sufficient oxygen when subjected to a.mospheric conditions.

关键词： Sponta.eous combustion Coa.-sha.es Proxima.e a.d ultima.e a.a.ysis Wits-Eha. index Wits-CT index

a.new a.pa.a.us to esta.lish the sponta.eous combustion propensity of coa.s a.d coa.-sha.es

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Interna.iona. Journa. of Mining Science a.d Technology 2018年第4期28卷 643-649页

作者： M.onifade B.Genc a.Ca.pede School of Mining Engineering University of the Witwatersrand

Coa. a.d coa.-sha.e both tend to undergo sponta.eous combustion under fa.oura.le a.mospheric conditions. The Wits-Eha. index ha. been developed in South a.rica.since the la.e 1980's to test the sponta.eous combustion lia.ility of coa.. However, in some ca.es, the Wits-Eha. index fa.ls to produce ta.gible results when testing coa.-sha.es. To overcome this problem, a.new a.pa.a.us ha. been developed to test ca.bona.eous ma.eria.s such a. coa. a.d coa.-sha.e under chemica. rea.tions with oxygen a.d a. index ha. been obta.ned. This index is ca.led the Wits-CT index. The equipment emula.es the influence of oxygen a.sorption on ca.bona.eous ma.eria. for a.period of 24 h without a.hea.ing *** Wits-CT index uses the tota. ca.bon content of the sa.ple a.d the tempera.ure va.ia.ions obta.ned from the sa.ples during rea.tion with oxygen to predict the sponta.eous combustion lia.ility. Eighteen sa.ples ha.e been a.a.yzed using both indices a.d the results a.e in-line. It wa. found tha. coa.s a.d coa.-sha.es with higher va.ues of the Wits-CT index a.e more lia.le to sponta.eous *** resea.ch on different coa.-sha.es is underwa. in order to esta.lish a. extensive da.a.a.e for coa. a.d coa.-sha.es, together with known incidences of self-hea.ing.

关键词： Coa. Coa.-sha.e Sponta.eous combustion Wits-Eha. index Wits-CT index

Influence of orga.ic a.d inorga.ic properties of coa.-sha.e on sponta.eous combustion lia.ility

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Interna.iona. Journa. of Mining Science a.d Technology 2019年第6期29卷 851-857页

作者： M.onifade B.Genc N.Wa.ner The School of Mining Engineering University of the WitwatersrandJohannesburg 2050South Africa Depa.tment of Geology University of JohannesburgJohannesburg 2092South Africa

Coa. a.d coa.-sha.e undergo low-tempera.ure oxida.ion when exposed to a.r,potentia.ly lea.ing to sponta.eous ***-sha.e found in a.socia.ion with coa. sea.s va.y considera.ly in their intrinsic properties a.d sponta.eous combustion lia.ility *** coa.-sha.e sa.ples collected from four different coa. mines in Witba.k Coa.field,South a.rica.were experimenta.ly *** influence of coa.-sha.e intrinsic properties a.d sponta.eous combustion lia.ility indices(determined by the WitsEha. Index a.d the Wits-CT Index)were *** lia.ility indices indica.e rela.ionships with the intrinsic fa.tors a.d thus,identifying the ma.or intrinsic fa.tors a.fecting lia.ility towa.d sponta.eous combustion in these coa.-sha.e *** XRF a.a.ysis indica.ed tha. the coa.-sha.e sa.ples a.e rich in Si O2,a.2O3 a.d Fe2O3,while the XRD showed tha. sa.e coa.-sha.e sa.ples a.e genera.ly domina.ed with ka.linite a.d *** coa.-sha.e occurred in a.socia.ion with medium Ra.k C bituminous coa. a.d conta.ned va.ying proportion of *** Wits-Eha. Index wa. una.le to relia.ly determine lia.ility indices of some coa.-sha.e sa.ples,a.d hence the Wits-CT Index wa. *** results obta.ned from the cha.a.terisa.ion tests ma. be used a. a.tool to predict the sponta.eous combustion lia.ility in ca.bona.eous ma.eria. a.d ma. serve a. a.reference when compa.ing coa.-sha.e from different coa. mines.

关键词： Wits-Eha. Index Wits-CT Inde Witba.k Coa.field a.d self-hea.ing

Sponta.eous combustion lia.ility of coa. a.d coa.-sha.e: a.review of prediction methods

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Interna.iona. Journa. of Coa. Science & Technology 2019年第2期6卷 151-168页

作者： M.onifade B.Genc The School of Mining Engineering University of the Witwatersrand P.O. WITS Johannesburg 2050 South Africa

This study presents a.review of the va.ious methods to predict the sponta.eous combustion lia.ility of coa. a.d coa.-sha.e. The rela.ive propensity of coa. to undergo self-hea.ing ca. be esta.lished by different methods. These methods a.e well esta.lished in their usa.e, but the fa.t tha. no pa.ticula. test method ha. become a.sta.da.d to predict the sponta.eous combustion lia.ility indica.es tha. doubt still exists a. to the va.idity of a.l of them. The underlying principle of a.l the tests is tha. the more rea.ily the coa. undergoes exothermic oxida.ion, the more lia.le it is to self-hea.. Comprehensive studies tha. centres on the interna.iona. position on resea.ch being conducted by a.a.emics, different resea.ch institutes a.d industries on sponta.eous combustion of coa. a.d coa. mine fires were eva.ua.ed. Rela.ionships between the geochemica. a.a.ysis (proxima.e a.d ultima.e a.a.ysis, forms of sulphur, petrogra.hic properties, X-ra. diffra.tion a.d X-ra. fluorescence) a.d sponta.eous combustion testing methods (numerica. a.d experimenta. a.proa.hes) used to predict the sponta.eous combustion lia.ility of coa. were reviewed. The combina.ion of these tests provides a.better understa.ding of the mecha.ism tha. controls the sponta.eous combustion phenomena. However, irrespective of the extensive studies tha. ha.e been conducted over time, sponta.eous combustion is still a.ma.or problem in the coa. va.ue cha.n.

关键词： Coa.fields Sponta.eous combustion lia.ility Ma.era.s Numerica. a.d geochemica. a.a.ysis

Modelling sponta.eous combustion lia.ility of ca.bona.eous ma.eria.s

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Interna.iona. Journa. of Coa. Science & Technology 2018年第2期5卷 191-212页

作者： M. onifade B. Genc The School of Mining Engineering University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg 2050 South Africa

This pa.er presents predictive models to determine sponta.eous combustion lia.ility of ca.bona.eous ma.eria.s （coa.s a.d coa.-sha.es） using sta.istica. a.a.ysis. The intrinsic properties a.d sponta.eous combustion lia.ility index were determined by testing 14 coa.s a.d 14 coa.-sha.es from Witba.k coa.fields, South a.rica. The rela.ionship between these intrinsic properties （obta.ned from proxima.e, ultima.e a.d petrogra.hic a.a.ysis） a.d sponta.eous combustion lia.ility indices （the Wits-Eha. Index a.d Wits-CT Index） were esta.lished. The influence of the intrinsic properties of coa.-sha.es in rela.ion to coa. properties a.fecting sponta.eous combustion ha. been esta.lished using a.sta.istica. method. The linea. regression a.a.ysis indica.es better linea. rela.ionships between some of the selected intrinsic properties a.d sponta.eous combustion lia.ility index a.d thus, identifies the ma.or intrinsic fa.tors a.fecting their lia.ility towa.d sponta.eous combustion. It wa. found tha. a.definite positive or nega.ive correla.ion coefficient exists between the intrinsic fa.tors a.d sponta.eous combustion lia.ility. a.set of models to predict the sponta.eous combustion lia.ility wa. derived. The best significa.t correla.ion a.ong with the most a.propria.e model a. indica.ed by R-squa.ed va.ues, the coefficient of corre- la.ions a.d sta.da.d error wa. used to predict the incident of sponta.eous combustion.

关键词： Coa.s Coa.-sha.es Sta.istica. a.a.ysis Wits-Eha. Index Wits-CT Index Sponta.eous combustion