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La.d Ca.a.ility Index Ma.ping for Wa.te Disposa. La.duse Option Using Geogra.hic Informa.ion System (GIS) in Enugu a.ea. South Ea.tern Nigeria

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Journa. of Geogra.hic Informa.ion System 2012年第5期4卷 444-461页

作者： a. a. onunkwo Sa.uel O. Onyekuru G. I. Nwa.kwor Depa.tment of Geology Federal University of Technology Owerri Owerri Nigeria

The projected 300% growth ra.e in the popula.ion of Enugu a.ea.a.d its environs by the yea. 2020 a.d the expected increa.e in wa.te genera.ion necessita.ed the need to ma. out a.ea. for wa.te disposa. for future utiliza.ion a.d a. a.protective stra.egy for the environment in Enugu a.ea. La.d ca.a.ility index ma.ping using Geogra.hic Informa.ion System (GIS) is one of the a.propria.e tools required for solving this problem. a.tota. of 12 la.duse determina.ts were selected a. thema.ic da.a.la.ers, a.d a. ba.ic fa.tors influencing the choice of wa.te disposa. la.duse option in the a.ea. The themes (thema.ic ma.s) genera.ed from field/la.ora.ory mea.urements a.d from litera.ure, include slope, wa.er ta.le, surfa.e a.d subsurfa.e wa.er conditions, eleva.ion, geology, soil, dra.na.e a.d geo-structura. sta.ility (fa.lt, erosion, la.dslide a.d flooding) ma.s. The ma.s were sca.ned, digitized, georeferenced, a.d polygonized using a.toca.d dra.ing ca.a.ilities to convert them into vector forma. a.d la.er exported to a.c view softwa.e for a.a.ysis. The fina. processing using overla. model builder yields la.ers tha. displa. a.ea. of preferred wa.te disposa. sites in a.ma. form, which genera.ly shows a.ea. of va.ying suita.ility (suita.le, modera.ely (low) suita.le a.d unsuita.le). The wa.te disposa. ma. of Enugu a.ea.shows tha. blocks1 (Obea.u a.ea. a.d 3 (Ebe/Nsude a.ea.) represent suita.le a.d unsuita.le a.ea., respectively, while block 2 (Ngwo a.ea. ha. low suita.ility for wa.te disposa..

关键词： La.duse Thema.ic Ma.s Wa.te Disposa. La.d Ca.a.ility

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a.Cell-Penetra.ing Peptide for Inhibiting Ma.Ka. Kina.e 2-Media.ed Infla.ma.ory Cytokine Relea.e Following Glia. Cell a.tiva.ion

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World Journa. of Neuroscience 2015年第2期5卷 115-130页

作者： Ja.es R. Wodicka.Nna.ozie I. onunkwo a.drew J. Woolley a.yssa.Pa.itch Kevin J. Otto Weldon School of Biomedica. Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette USA India.a.University School of Medicine Indianapolis USA Depa.tment of Biologica. Sciences Purdue University West Lafayette USA Depa.tment of Biomedica. Engineering University of Florida Gainesville USA

Centra. nervous system (CNS) injury initia.izes a.rea.tive tissue response, which is cha.a.terized by a.ca.ca.e of signa.s tha. result in infla.ma.ory cytokine relea.e a.d neuroinfla.ma.ion. These signa.s a.e induced in pa.t by a.tiva.ed microglia.tha. migra.es to the injury site in a. a.tempt to remove dea. tissue a.d promote hea.ing. The a.ility to control the rea.tive tissue response is of significa.t importa.ce to a.va.iety of a.plica.ions, such a. neuroprostheses, whose functiona. lifespa. is limited by glia. cell a.tiva.ion. a.possible stra.egy to mitiga.e glia. cell a.tiva.ion is to reduce the relea.e of infla.ma.ory cytokines following a.bra.n injury. One pa.hwa. tha. fa.ilita.es infla.ma.ory cytokine relea.e is the mitogen-a.tiva.ed protein kina.e-a.tiva.ed protein kina.e 2 (MK2) pa.hwa., which increa.es cytokine mRNa.synthesis, sta.ility a.d tra.sla.ion following a.tiva.ion. Therefore, inhibiting MK2-media.ed cytokine relea.e ca. reduce microglia. a.tiva.ionfollowing CNS injury. Through?in vitro?studies, we demonstra.e the a.ility of a.cell-penetra.ing peptide inhibitor of MK2 (MK2i) to reduce MK2-media.ed cytokine relea.e in mixed cortica. cultures.?Immunocytochemistry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent a.sa. (ELISa., a.d cytotoxicity a.sa.s in 7- -10-da.-old E17 Spra.ue-Da.ley ra. mixed cortica. cultures showed tha. MK2i trea.ment significa.tly lowered infla.ma.ory cytokine production a.d increa.ed cortica. cell via.ility following?glia. cell a.tiva.ion with tumor necrosis fa.tor-α(TNF-α) a.d lipopolysa.cha.ide (LPS). Results suggest tha. MK2i ma. reduce da.a.e ca.sed by a.tiva.ed glia.in the infla.ed CNS.

关键词： Injury Mitiga.ion Trea.ment Drug MK2i

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