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Seropreva.ence a.d Molecula. Biodiverisity of Hepa.itis C Infection in Congolese Dia.etics

Open Journa. of Ga.troenterology 2019年第1期9卷 22-27页

作者： a. mongo-onkouo M. G. Ibobi Ga.sa.e Deby E. Boueniza.ila.C. P. a.oui a.endi N. a.dzoua.a.Mba.ognoua.J. F. Mimiesse Mona.ou a. Boumba.N. a. Itoua.Nga.oro B. I. a.ipoiba.a.H. G. Mona.eka.J.-R. Iba.a Depa.tment of Ga.troenterology a.d Interna. Medicine Brazzaville University Hospital Center Brazzaville Congo Fa.ulty of Hea.th Sciences Ngouabi Marien University Brazzaville Congo Depa.tment of Meta.olic Disea.es of Bra.za.ille University Hospita. Center Brazzaville Congo La.ora.ory Service Hospita. Genera. of Loua.djili Pointe- Noire Congo

Summa.y: There is no evidence for comorbidity dia.etes a.d hepa.itis C virus infection in the Congo. The a.m of this work wa. to determine the seropreva.ence a.d molecula. biodiversity of HCV in order to contribute to improving the ma.a.ement of Congolese dia.etics. Pa.ients a.d methods: It wa. a.cross-sectiona. study tha. took pla.e from 1 Februa.y to 30 September 2018 a. the Bra.za.ille University Hospita., the Dia.ca.e Hea.th Center a.d the a.olphe Cissé Hospita. in Pointe-Noire. It concerned dia.etic pa.ients followed in Bra.za.ille a.d Pointe-Noire a.reeing to the study, a.ter obta.ning the opinion of the ethics committee of the resea.ch in hea.th science. a.l sa.ples collected were screened for the presence of a.ti HCV a. using a.ra.id a.ERE HCV test a.d the Monolisa.HCV a.-a. ultra.test for confirma.ion in Congo. Detection of the vira. RNa.wa. done by PCR retrotra.scription a.d genotyping wa. performed a.cording to the reverse hybridiza.ion technique in Fra.ce. Da.a.a.a.ysis wa. done with EpiInfo 6.0 softwa.e (2016);the proportions were compa.ed using the Chi-squa.e test or the Fisher test a. the significa.ce level of 5%. Results: Of 447 pa.ients with dia.etes mellitus, 49 ha. HCV positive serology a.d the sex ra.io wa. 0.63. Seropreva.ence of a. a.ti HCV wa. 11% (49/447);HCV RNa.wa. detecta.le in 71.4% (n = 35) pa.ients. The a.era.e a.e of the popula.ion wa. 62 ± 10 yea.s with extremes ra.ging from 26 to 82 yea.s. The circula.ing genotypes were 4 (97.1%) a.d 1 (2.8%). Subtyping wa. defined in 17.64% (n = 6) of genotype 4 pa.ients;undefined in 82.36% (n = 28) of Genotype 4 pa.ients, a.d in one of genotype 1 pa.ients. The subtypes identified were subtype 4e (60%), subtype 4e (8.8%), subtype 4a.4c/4d (5.8%), a.d subtype 4h (2.9%). Conclusion: The preva.ence of HCV is high in our study. These a.e importa.t da.a.for the improvement of the ma.a.ement of dia.etics.

关键词： Hepa.itis C Dia.ete Congo

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<i>ca.a.lt;/i>a.d <i>va.a.lt;/i><i>Helicoba.ter pylori</i>Pa.hogenicity Fa.tors in Bra.za.ille, Congo

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Open Journa. of Medica. Microbiology 2019年第4期9卷 186-200页

作者： E. N. Ontsira.Ngoyi C. Guillotea. L. Beneja. a. mongo onkouo a. Buissonnière E. Sifre a. a.oumba.Ta.guy Mieret F. Bossa.i F. Ya.a.a. a. a.ena.J. Va.ivelu K. L. Goh J. R. Iba.a.B. I. a.ipoIba.a.a. Mena.d P. Lehours F. Megra.d Equipe 2 Helicoba.ter pylori infection infla.ma.ion a.d ca.cer Inserm U1053 Bordeaux university Bordeaux France Hea.th Sciences Fa.ulty Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Congo French Na.iona. Reference Center for Helicoba.ters a.d Ca.pyloba.ters Bordeaux France University of Ma.a.a Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Ba.teriology la.ora.ory Pellegrin University Hospital Bordeaux France

Introduction: Ca.a.a.d Va.a.a.e the most importa.t a.d well-studied virulence fa.tors found in Helicoba.ter pylori. The a.m of this work wa. to identify genes corresponding to H. pylori pa.hogenicity fa.tors in Bra.za.ille, Congo. Ma.eria. & Methods: a.cross-sectiona. study wa. ca.ried out from October 2013 to December 2016. Biopsy specimens were obta.ned from pa.ients scheduled for upper ga.trointestina. endoscopy in Bra.za.ille, Congo a.d were sent to the French Na.iona. Reference Center for Ca.pyloba.ters a.d Helicoba.ters in Bordea.x, Fra.ce. H. pylori detection wa. conducted by rea.-time PCR using a.fuorescence resona.ce energy tra.sfer-melting curve a.a.ysis protocol. The identifica.ion of the genes encoding pa.hogenicity fa.tors wa. ca.ried out by conventiona. PCR using the a.propria.e primers for determina.ion of Ca.a.phosphoryla.ion motifs 1, 2, 3;a.d va.a., I a.d m regions: va.a.1, va.a.2, va.a.1a. va.a.1b. Results: a.high preva.ence of H. pylori infection wa. reported (108/143;75.5%). In 92.2% (n = 71/77), the presence of P1, P2 a.d P3 Ca.a.phosphoryla.ion motifs wa. noted. Concerning va.a. va.a.1m1 wa. observed in 82% of the stra.ns (n = 59/72). va.a.1 wa. present in a.l stra.ns (n = 76). With rega.d to the distribution a.cording to the va.a.1 subtype, the ma.ority of the stra.ns (59/71;83%) were va.a.1b positive, a. compa.ed to va.a.1c (17/34, 33%). The va.a.1a.gene wa. a.sent in a.l of these pa.ients. Conclusion: The presence of genes a.socia.ed with severe ga.tric disea.es indica.es the importa.ce of H. pylori era.ica.ion in the prevention of these disea.es in Congo.

关键词： Pa.hogenicity Fa.tors Ca.A Va.A

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a.sessment of Pra.tice of Colonoscopy in Pedia.rics in Bra.za.ille, Congo

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Open Journa. of Pedia.rics 2022年第3期12卷 577-581页

作者： a. mongo-onkouo L. C. a.ipo-Iba.a.Olla.dzobo Ikobo C. P. a.oui a.endi J. F. Mimiesse Mona.ou N. a. Itoua.N Ga.oro Deby Ga.sa.e M. Nga.essa.i Moua.osso C. S. a.oua.B. I. a.ipo Iba.a.J. R. Iba.a Ga.tro-Enterology a.d Interna. Medicine CHU of Brazzaville Brazzaville Congo Fa.ulty of Hea.th Sciences Ngouabi Marien University Brazzaville Congo Infa.t Pedia.ric Service CHU of Brazzaville Brazzaville Congo

Ba.kground: In Congo, there is no pedia.ric ga.troenterology depa.tment a.d the a.tivity of colonoscopy ha. never been eva.ua.ed. The a.m of this study is to report the indica.ions a.d the results of pedia.ric colonoscopy in Bra.za.ille. Methods: a.retrospective study wa. conducted from Ja.ua.y 2016 to a.gust 2017 by a.a.yzing reports of colonoscopy performed in the ga.troenterology depa.tment in Bra.za.ille. Sex, prescribers, indica.ions a.d results of colonoscopy were the va.ia.les study. Results: over the 19-month period, 489 colonoscopies ha.e been performed, in which 13 (2.7%) colonoscopies were performed in children under 17 yea.s, with a. a.era.e a.e of 9.8 ± 4.6 (8 ma.es a.d 6 fema.es) a.d the extreme ra.ging from 1 - 17 yea.s. The sex ra.io (H/F) wa. 1.6. The prescribers were ga.troenterologist (n = 4), pedia.ricia. (n = 4), surgeons (n = 2), genera. pra.titioners (n = 2), pedia.ric students (n = 1). Chronic bowel infla.ma.ory disea.es a.d polypectomy wa. the most frequent conditions for colonoscopy indica.ion. Seven (7) colonoscopies were norma.. 4 ca.es were recto-polyps, a.d 2 ca.es were ulcera.ive colitis. Conclusion: pedia.ric colonoscopy is a.powerful dia.nostic a.d thera.eutic mea.s. The pedia.ricia.s should think a.out it to improve the ma.a.ement of children with digestive symptoms tha. meet the indica.ions of pedia.ric colonoscopy.

关键词： Pedia.ric Colonoscopy Pra.tice Bra.za.ille

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Seropreva.ence a.d Molecula. Biodiversity of Hepa.itis B a.d Delta.Virus Infections in the Republic of Congo

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Open Journa. of Ga.troenterology 2018年第12期8卷 448-454页

作者： a. mongo-onkouo R. Itoko Okombi a. Boumba.F. R. Nia.a.C. P. a.oui-a.endi J. F. Mimiesse Mona.ou N. a. Itoua.Nga.oro L. C. a.ipo-Iba.a.Olla.dzobo Ikobo Deby Ga.sa.e M. Nga.essa.i Moua.osso C. S. a.oua.B. I. a.ipo-Iba.a.J.-R. Iba.a Ga.tro-Enterology a.d Interna. Medicine CHU of Brazzaville Brazzaville Congo Fa.ulty of Hea.th Sciences Ngouabi Marien University Brazzaville Congo La.ora.ory Service Hospita. Genera. of Loua.djili Pointe-Noire Congo Na.iona. Public Hea.th La.ora.ory Brazzaville Congo Infa.t Pedia.ric Service CHU of Brazzaville Brazzaville Congo

Hepa.itis B virus (HBV) infection is a.ma.or public hea.th problem in the world. In Congo, studies on the preva.ence of HBV infection a.e common but HDV infection is ra.e. Objective: Contribute to improve the ma.a.ement a.d prevention of HBV a.d HDV infections. Pa.ients a.d Methods: This wa. a.descriptive a.d cross-sectiona. study conducted from Ja.ua.y to a.gust 2016 in the hea.th services of the va.ious depa.tments of Congo a.d a. the na.iona. public hea.th la.ora.ory in Bra.za.ille. a.l pa.ients with HBsa. surfa.e a.tigen who were a. lea.t 18 yea.s old a.d who consented to the study were included. The HBs a.tigen wa. first tested by a.ra.id test then confirmed by ELISa. a.l HBsa. positive pa.ients were subsequently subjected to a.second ELISa.test for Delta.a.tibody. The techniques of extra.tion a.d conventiona. a.d specific gene a.plifica.ion were ca.ried out on pla.ma.for the identifica.ion of the genotypes of the two viruses. The da.a.a.a.ysis wa. done with EpiInfo V7 softwa.e. The proportions were compa.ed using the Chi-squa.e test or the Fisher test a. the significa.ce level of 5%. Results: 1618 subjects were included, of whom 180 were positive for HBsa., a.frequency of 11.12%. The sex ra.io (M/F) wa. 0.77%, the mea. a.e wa. 40.2 ± 15.6 yea.s with extremes ra.ging from 18 to 88 yea.s. Of the 180 HBsa. positive, 22 were a.ti-VHD positive, a.frequency of 12.22%. HBV DNa.wa. a.plified in 83.8% (151/180), HDV RNa.in 63.6% (14/22). For HBV, three genotypes were identified: E (46.9%), a.(43.7%) a.d D (9.4%), however for VHD three genotypes D1, D5, D8 were identified. Conclusion: Co-infection of hepa.itis B a.d Delta.viruses is common in Congo. The ma.a.ement a.d prevention of hepa.itis B must ta.e into a.count the rea.ity of this co-infection.

关键词： Seropreva.ence Molecula. Biodiversity Hepa.itis B Virus a.d Delta Congo

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NGOYa. TSERING a.D HIS TRa.SLa.ION Ca.SE

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China.s Tibet 2018年第2期29卷 16-20页

作者： mongo

Due to historica. rea.ons, in the pa.t, Tibeta. la.gua.e educa.ion in Cha.do （situa.eda. the ea.t of the Tibet a.tonomous Region） is underdeveloped when compa.ed to centra. a.ea. in the Ta., such a. Lha.a. Shiga.se, a.d Lhoka. a.ter the third plena.y session of the 11th CPC Centra. Committee, Tibeta. la.gua.e educa.ion ha. since been rejuvena.ed.

关键词：原因西藏自治区翻译中央区域 Ta. CPC 委员会教育

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Preva.ence of Children Va.cina.ed a.a.nst Vira. Hepa.itis B in Bra.za.ille

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Open Journa. of Pedia.rics 2024年第2期14卷 426-434页

作者： Lucie Cha.lotte Olla.dzobo Ikobo Fa.rèche Colombe Missidi Hosta.d Bienvenu a.ipo-Iba.a.a.na.d mongo onkouo Cla.sina.Philestine a.oui a.endi Jile Florent Mimiesse Bla.se Irénée a.ipo Iba.a Fa.ulty of Hea.th Sciences Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Republic of the Congo Infa.t Pa.dia.rics Depa.tment Brazzaville University Hospital Brazzaville Republic of the Congo Ga.troenterology a.d Interna. Medicine Depa.tment Brazzaville University Hospital Brazzaville Republic of the Congo

Introduction: Vira. hepa.itis B (VHL) is a.public hea.th problem, pa.ticula.ly in sub-Sa.a.a.a.rica. The a.m of this study wa. to a.sess va.cina.ion covera.e a.a.nst HBV in children in Bra.za.ille. Pa.ients a.d Methods: This wa. a.cross-sectiona. a.a.ytica. study conducted in Bra.za.ille hea.th centres from Ja.ua.y to September 2019. It involved children a.ed between six months a.d six yea.s who received a.va.cina.ion a.a.nst HBV. Sa.pling wa. exha.stive a.d ba.ed on stra.ified sa.pling. Results: The overa.l preva.ence of children va.cina.ed a.a.nst HBV in Bra.za.ille wa. 96.2%. It wa. insufficient in the Ta.a.ga. hea.th district (79%). The penta.a.ent va.cine wa. a.ministered to 97.7% of children, 85% of whom ha. received a.l three doses. The rea.ons for incomplete va.cina.ion were pa.ents’ ignora.ce of HVB (85.6%) a.d of va.cina.ion (14.3%). Conclusion: a.though the preva.ence of va.cina.ed children is high in Bra.za.ille, it is still insufficient in some hea.th districts, pa.ticula.ly Ta.a.ga., beca.se pa.ents a.e una.a.e of the disea.e a.d of va.cina.ion. Penta.a.ent is the only va.cine a.a.la.le in the na.iona. va.cina.ion progra.me, which is why a. effective na.iona. va.cina.ion policy needs to be put in pla.e. .

关键词： Preva.ence Va.cina.ion Vira. Hepa.itis B Child Bra.za.ille

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Helicoba.ter Pylori Infection: Epidemiologica., Clinica. a.d Endoscopic a.pects in Bra.za.ille

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Open Journa. of Ga.troenterology 2023年第4期13卷 131-139页

作者： Bienvenu H. a.ipo-Iba.a.a.icet Boumba.Lucie C. a.ipo Iba.a.Olla.dzobo Ikobo a.na.d mongo-onkouo Jile F. Mimiesse Mona.ou Nga.a.a. Itoua.Nga.oro Dona.ien Mouka.sa.Bla.se I. a.ipo Iba.a.Jea.-Rosa.re Iba.a Fa.ulty of Hea.th Sciences Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Republic of the Congo Hugues Dieudonné Loemba.Molecula. Biology La.ora.ory Pointe-Noire Republic of the Congo Pointe-Noire Resea.ch Zone National Institute for Research in Health Sciences (IRSSA) Pointe-Noire Republic of the Congo Depa.tment of Ga.troenterology a.d Interna. Medicine CHU Brazzaville Brazzaville Republic of the Congo Depa.tment of a.a.omica. Pa.hology Edith Lucie Bongo Odimba General Hospital Oyo Republic of the Congo

Introduction: Helicoba.ter pylori infection is a.rea. hea.th problem worldwide. It is the most common chronic ba.teria. infection in the world, a.d is pa.ticula.ly preva.ent in developing countries. Objective: To determine the frequency of Helicoba.ter pylori infection a.d to study the epidemiologica., clinica. a.d endoscopic cha.a.teristics a.socia.ed with this infection in Bra.za.ille. Pa.ients a.d Methods: This wa. a.descriptive cross-sectiona. study conducted from Ja.ua.y to November 2020, i.e. 11 months. This work focused on 100 symptoma.ic pa.ients over 18 yea.s old referred for upper GI endoscopy. Ga.tric biopsies for biologica. study by urea.e test a.d molecula. study by rea. time PCR technique were ta.en. Results: With a.mea. a.e of 46.32 ± 15.20 yea.s, the frequency of Hp infection wa. 91%, with a.fema.e predomina.ce of 53%. The sex ra.io wa. 0.92. The a.era.e a.e wa. 46.32 ± 15.20 yea.s. Ca.ria.e of the infection wa. more importa.t in households with more tha. 3 persons, in pa.ients consuming public ta. wa.er a.d in those using both types of sa.ita.y fa.ilities. Endoscopy wa. indica.ed for epiga.tra.gia.in 93.1% of ca.es. a.out 56.14% of the infected pa.ients ha. norma. mucosa.versus 12.28% with ulcera.ed lesions a.d 22.81% with ga.tritis. Conclusion: The preva.ence of Helicoba.ter pylori infection is significa.t in Congo, justifying ea.ly detection in order to improve ma.a.ement.

关键词： Helicoba.ter pylori Ca.ria.e Chronic Ga.tritis Ga.tric Ulcer Bra.za.ille

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Knowledge, a.titudes a.d Pra.tices of Persons Infected with the Hepa.itis B Virus on Their Own Disea.e

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Open Journa. of Ga.troenterology 2022年第4期12卷 119-127页

作者： a.na.d mongo-onkouo Nga.a.a.oa.Itoua.Nga.oro Cla.sina.Philestine a.oui a.endi Jile Florent Mimiesse Mona.ou Rody Nga.i Ma.lyse Nga.essa.i Moua.osso Ma.doché Motoula.La.ou Deby Ga.sa.e Bla.se Irénée a.ipo Iba.a.Jea.-Rosa.re Iba.a Depa.tment of Hepa.oga.troenterology a.d Interna. Medicine Brazzaville Hospital and Universitary Center Brazzaville Congo Fa.ulty of Hea.th Sciences Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Congo

Introduction: Vira. hepa.itis B is a.communica.le disea.e tha. is preventa.le by va.cina.ion. Knowledge of tra.smission routes a.d prevention methods could pla. a.key role in limiting a.d reducing the sprea. of the disea.e. a.m: This wa. a.prospective study tha. wa. ca.ried out from July 1 to September 30, 2018 in the depa.tment of ga.troenterology a.d interna. medicine in people ca.rying the hepa.itis B virus. a.l pa.ients were a.ked a.out their knowledge, a.titudes a.d pra.tices rega.ding vira. hepa.itis B. Ma.eria.s a.d Methods: This wa. a.cross-sectiona. study, collecting prospective da.a. which wa. ca.ried out from July 1 to September 30, 2018 in the ga.troenterology depa.tment of CHUB (University Hospita. of Bra.za.ille). Eligible for the study were a.l pa.ients who consulted or were followed in the wa.d for HBV infection during the study period. a.l pa.ients were a.ked a.out their knowledge, a.titudes a.d pra.tices rega.ding vira. hepa.itis B. a.ter obta.ning informed consent, we a.ked pa.ients a.out knowledge, a.titudes a.d pra.tices towa.ds the hepa.itis B virus. The da.a.wa. collected on a.pre-esta.lished survey sheet respecting a.onymity a.d confidentia.ity. CSPro 7 softwa.e a.d SPSS 17 softwa.e were used for da.a.entry a.d a.a.ysis. Chi-squa.e wa. used to compa.e the percenta.es. These were expressed with their 95% confidence interva.s [95% CI]. a.va.ue of p 0.005 wa. considered significa.t. Results: Forty-two pa.ients were included in the study, these were 66.7% (n = 28) men a.d 33.3% (n = 14) women. The a.era.e a.e wa. 38.76 ± 10.9 yea.s. 45.2% of them (n = 19) were single a.d 59.5% (n = 25) ha. the next highest level of educa.ion. Thirty-nine pa.ients ha. no knowledge of the source of their conta.ina.ion;the sexua. route wa. the most cited (61.9%). a.cohol consumption wa. ra.ed ba.ly by 38 pa.ients (90.5%);of these 22 (52.4%) thought it worsened the disea.e. La.k of knowledge of a. HBV ca.rier in the fa.ily wa. noted in 33 (78.6%) pa.ients;20 (47.6%)

关键词： Vira. Hepa.itis B Knowledge a.titudes Pra.tices Ca.riers Bra.za.ille

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Va.ioliform Ga.tritis a.ter Ibuprofen Poisoning

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Open Journa. of Ga.troenterology 2018年第3期8卷 103-106页

作者： a.ipo Iba.a.Bla.se Irénée mongo onkouo a.na.d a.oui a.endi Cla.sina.a.ipo Iba.a.Olla.dzobo Lucie Cha.lotte Mimiesse Mona.ou Jile Florient Itoua.Nga.oro a.oa.Nga.a.Deby Ga.sa.e Bossa.i Firmin Iba.a.Jea.-Rosa.re Fa.ulty of Medica. Sciences Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Congo Depa.tment of Ga.troenterology a.d Interna. Medicine Brazzaville University Hospital Centre Brazzaville Congo Pa.dia.ric Service Brazzaville University Hospital Centre Brazzaville Congo

Diffuse va.ioliform ga.tritis is a.ra.e a.ta.k of the ga.tric mucosa.occurring mostly on a.opic ground. This report is ba.ed on the observa.ion of a.16-yea.-old girl with diffuse va.ioliform ga.tritis discovered a.ter a. interna. medica. exa.ina.ion via.endoscope a.ter a.tempting a.suicida. a.t by overdosing herself with Ibuprofen. a.ter the medica. exa.ina.ion of the pa.ient. Despite the qua.tity of ingested ibuprofen a.d presence of Helicoba.ter pylori on the biopsie, the pa.ticula.ity of this study is tha. there is no exuda.ive lesion of the ga.tric mucosa. With hélicoba.ter pylori era.ica.ion evolution wa. fa.ora.le.

关键词： Va.ioliform Ga.tritis Ibuprofen Teena.er

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Knowledge a.titude a.d Pra.tice of Vira. Hepa.itis B a.d C Screening by Genera. Pra.titioners in Bra.za.ille

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Open Journa. of Ga.troenterology 2020年第12期10卷 311-316页

作者： Rody Stépha.e Nga.i Sonia.Opomba.Philestine Cla.sina.Mikolele a.oui a.endi a.na.d mongo-onkouo Jile Florient Mimiesse Nga.a.a.oa.Itoua.Nga.oro Ma.lyse Nga.essa.i Céline Sa.dra.a.oua.Deby Ga.sa.e Bla.se Irénée a.ipo Iba.a.Jea.-Rosa.re Iba.a Depa.tment of Ga.troenterology a.d Interna. Medicine Brazzaville University Hospital Brazzaville Republic of the Congo Fa.ulty of Hea.th Sciences Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Republic of the Congo

The involvement of genera. pra.titioners in the ea.ly detection of vira. hepa.itis B a.d C must be pa.a.ount. The objectives of this work were to a.sess GPs’ knowledge, a.titude a.d pra.tice with rega.d to screening ... 详细信息

The involvement of general practitioners in the early detection of viral hepatitis B and C must be paramount. The objectives of this work were to assess GPs’ knowledge, attitude and practice with regard to screening for viral hepatitis B and C. We carried out a cross-sectional analytical study among GPs recruited by simple random sampling from the list of GPs in the city of Brazzaville. The judgement criteria were knowledge and practice of screening for viral hepatitis B and C, assessed according to a Likert scale divided into 3 categories: very good, good and bad. One hundred and twenty-one general practitioners were included, including 48 women and 73 men, with a sex ratio of 1.52;the average age was 33 years;52.89% of them worked in the private sector with an average period of activity of 4 years. The majority of the doctors had a good knowledge (69.42%) and a bad practice (56.20%) of screening for viral hepatitis B and C. The duration of activity was the factor linked to knowledge of viral hepatitis B and C (p = 0.006) while age was the factor linked to the practice of screening for viral hepatitis B and C (p = 0.0366). In conclusion, in Brazzaville, general practitioners’ knowledge of screening for viral hepatitis B and C is good in general, but the practices are poor and require targeted in-service training.

关键词： Vira. Hepa.itis B a.d C Screening Genera. Pra.titioners Bra.za.ille

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