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Chronic hepatitis delta: A state-of-the-art review and new therapies

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第32期25卷 4580-4597页

作者： Christy gilman Theo Heller Christopher Koh Liver Diseases Branch National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases National Institutes of Health

Chronic delta hepatitis is the most severe form of viral hepatitis affecting nearly 65 million people *** with this devastating illness are at higher risk for developing cirrhosis and hepatocellular *** virus is a defective RNA virus that requires hepatitis B surface antigen for propagation in *** can occur in the form of a co-infection with hepatitis B,which can be self-limiting,vs superinfection in a patient with established hepatitis B infection,which often leads to chronicity in majority of *** noninvasive tools to assess for advanced liver disease have limited utility in delta *** recommend treatment with pegylated interferon,but this is limited to patients with compensated disease and is efficacious in about 30%of those *** to limited treatment options,novel agents are being investigated and include entry,assembly and export inhibitors of viral particles in addition to stimulators of the host immune *** clinical trials should take into consideration the interaction of hepatitis B and hepatitis D as suppression of one virus can lead to the activation of the ***,surrogate markers of treatment efficacy have been proposed.

关键词： Hepatitis delta Epidemiology Treatment

Demonstrating mate choice copying in spiders requires further research

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Current Zoology 2020年第2期66卷 215-216页

作者： R.Tucker gilman Kasey FOWLER-FINN Eileen A.HEBETS School of Earth and Environmental Sciences The University of ManchesterManchesterUK Department of Biology Saint Louis UniversitySt.LouisUSA School of Biological Sciences University of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNEUSA

Mate choice copying-when individuals learn to prefer mates or mate types that have been chosen by others-can influence trait evo-lution and speciation(Varela et al.2018;Dion et al.2019).Most examples of mate choice copying are from fish,birds,and mammals including humans(Varela et al.2018).However,2 invertebrate examples-fruit flies and wolf spiders-have been used to argue that the phenomenon may be phylogenetically widespread,and perhaps the rule rather than the exception in nature(Varela et al.2018).Here,we revisit the evidence for mate choice copying in wolf spiders(Fowler-Fimn et al.2015)in light of new data(gilman et al.2018).Then,we discuss why mate choice copying is a phenomenon that is likely to occur in wolf spiders,and why this deserves attention.

关键词： invertebrates mate choice copying Schizocosa sexual selection speciation spiders

Contemporary Condition of the Irrigative Soils in Mugan-Salyan Massif

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Journal of Geological Resource and Engineering 2016年第5期4卷 242-250页

作者： Mustafayev Mustafa gilman Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry of ANAS Baku Azerbaijan

The article deals with the information on saline soils of the irrigated land in Mugan-Salyan massif and their appearance reasons. During the study, changes in the physical properties of water, land drainage, groundwater level, mineralization, soil salinity of this territory have been investigated as well. Studies show that in the current territory elevated levels of ground water in drainage and irrigation networks, revealed that their mineralization and the amount of salts in the soil were under bad condition. On the basis on studies measurements for soils state in Mugan-Salyan massif have been presented.

关键词： Granulometric composition physical clay humus absorption capacity soil salinization.

A combinatorial approach of developing alloy thin films using co-sputtering technique for displays

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2009年第1期52卷 79-87页

作者： Jaydeep SARKAR Tien-Heng HUANG Lih-Ping WANG Peter H. McDONALD Chi-Fung LO Paul S. gilman Praxair Electronics 560 Route 303 Orangeburg Materials and Chemical Research Laboratories Photovoltaic Technology Center Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI)

In this study we have used a combinatorial approach for producing binary and ternary alloy thin film libraries using a lab-scale RF co-sputtering system. Initially we used two elemental sputtering targets, i.e. aluminum (Al) target and neodymium (Nd) target, to produce a film library of varying composition and successfully identified a suitable composition range (1.95–2.38 at% Nd) in which resistance to hillock formation and resistivity of the film spots were found to be satisfactory in annealed state (350°C, 30 min). In another case, in order to form ternary alloy composition library we have used two sputtering targets, i.e. an Al-0.5 at% Nd alloy target and an elemental Ni target. Though, co-sputtered Al-0.6 at% Nd-0.9 at% Ni alloy films showed satisfactory resistance to hillock formation and low resistivity after annealing, film deposited from a ternary alloy target with the same composition failed to show satisfactory resistance to hillock formation during annealing. In case of Al-0.6 at% Nd-0.9 at% Ni alloy target, 250 nm thick film showed poor resistance to hillock formation than the 500 nm thick film. This clearly showed thickness-dependent hillock performance of Al-0.6 at% Nd-0.9 at% Ni alloy. In this study it was found that, in addition to the process variables, metallurgical microstructure of the alloy sputtering targets had significant effect on the film properties which was not obvious from the results of films deposited using co-sputtering of the individual elemental targets.

关键词： co-sputtering thin films aluminum alloys displays

Future directions of clinical laboratory evaluation ol pregnancy

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2014年第6期11卷 582-588页

作者： Kenneth D Beaman Mukesh K Jaiswal Svetlana Dambaeva Alice gilman-Sachs Department of Microbiology and Immunology Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science North Chicago IL USA

In recent years, our understanding of how the immune system interacts with the developing fetus and placenta has greatly expanded. There are many laboratories that provide tests for diagnosis of pregnancy outcome in women who have recurrent pregnancy loss （RPL） or pre-eclampsia. These tests are based on the premise that immune response to the fetus is equivalent to the adaptive immune response to a transplant. New understanding leads to the concept that the activated innate response is vital for pregnancy and this can result in more effective testing and treatment to prevent an abnormal pregnancy in the future. We describe here only three such areas for future testing： one area involves sperm and semen and factors necessary for successful fertilization; another area would determine conditions for production of growth factors necessary for implantation in the uterus; finally, the last area would be to determine conditions necessary for the vascularization of the placenta and growing fetus by activated natural killer （NK） cells （combinations of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor （KIR） family genes with HLA-C haplotypes） that lead to capability of secreting angiogenic growth factors. These areas are novel but understanding their role in pregnancy can lead to insight into how to maintain and treat pregnancies with complicating factors.

关键词： male factor preterm labor recurrent pregnancy loss seminal plasma sperm

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中美两国中学生生活满意度的跨文化研究

中国心理卫生杂志 2005年第5期19卷 319-321页

作者：刘旺田丽丽 Rich gilman 陕西师范大学教科院心理学系 710062 华南师范大学教科院心理学系 510631 University of Kentucky 40506

目的:比较分析中美两国中学生生活满意度的差异。方法:采用“多维学生生活满意度量表”(MSLSS)对872名中、美两国的中学生进行测查。结果:(1)中国中学生的朋友、学校和一般生活满意度高于美国中学生,差异具有统计学显著性;(2)中国7、8、... 详细信息

目的:比较分析中美两国中学生生活满意度的差异。方法:采用“多维学生生活满意度量表”(MSLSS)对872名中、美两国的中学生进行测查。结果:(1)中国中学生的朋友、学校和一般生活满意度高于美国中学生,差异具有统计学显著性;(2)中国7、8、9三个年级学生的学校和一般生活满意度均高于美国同年级学生,差异具有统计学显著性;(3)美国男生生活环境的满意度高于中国男生,中国男生的自我满意度高于美国男生,美国女生的自我满意度高于中国女生,差异均具有统计学显著性;(4)中、美中学生的生活满意度都在各自国家内存在统计学意义的年级差异,均表现为7年级学生在存在差异维度上的满意度高于本国其他年级的学生;(5)中、美中学生的生活满意都在各自国家内存在统计学意义的性别差异,两国均表现为女生在存在差异维度上的满意度高于本国男生。结论:中美两国中学生的生活满意度存在差异,社会文化背景是影响青少年生活满意度的重要因素。

关键词：生活满意度中学生跨文化研究中美社会文化背景满意度量表统计学显著性比较分析学生生活生活环境年级差异性别差异中国美国男生女生青少年学校维度

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国外青少年生活满意度研究概况

中国心理卫生杂志 2003年第12期17卷 814-816页

作者：田丽丽刘旺 Rich gilman 北京师范大学心理学院 100875 陕西师范大学教育科学学院心理系 710062 Department of Education and Counseling Psychology

20世纪90年代初,国外的一些心理学工作者开始了青少年生活满意度的研究,近十年来该领域在测量工具的开发及影响因素的探讨方面取得了一定的研究成果.本文在文献回顾的基础上,对其研究概况做一介绍.

关键词：国外青少年生活满意度测量单维模型多维模型

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中学生生活满意度的跨文化比较研究

应用心理学 2005年第1期11卷 21-26页

作者：田丽丽刘旺 Rich gilman 华南师范大学心理系广州510631 陕西师范大学心理系西安710062 肯塔基大学教育和辅导心理学系

目的:比较不同国家(地区)中学生生活满意度的差异。方法:运用《多维学生生活满意度量表》对爱尔兰、美国、高加索、以色列、中国五个国家(地区)共计1345名中学生的生活满意度进行了测量。结果:(1)五国(地区)中学生高一般生活满意度组人... 详细信息

目的:比较不同国家(地区)中学生生活满意度的差异。方法:运用《多维学生生活满意度量表》对爱尔兰、美国、高加索、以色列、中国五个国家(地区)共计1345名中学生的生活满意度进行了测量。结果:(1)五国(地区)中学生高一般生活满意度组人数分布百分比由多到少依次为爱尔兰、美国、高加索、以色列、中国;(2)五国(地区)女生的家庭满意度高于男生,男生的学校满意度高于女生;(3)爱尔兰学生的家庭满意度最高,中国学生的朋友和学校满意度最高,以色列学生的生活环境满意度最低、自我满意度最高;(4)性别和国家(地区)对中学生的学校、生活环境、自我的满意度存在交互作用。结论:不同国家(地区)中学生的生活满意度存在差异,社会文化背景是影响中学生生活满意度的重要因素。

关键词：中学生生活满意度跨文化比较

Analysis of fMRI Single Subject Data in the Fourier Domain Acquired Using a Multiple Input Stimulus Experimental Design

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Journal of Signal and Information Processing 2012年第4期3卷 469-480页

作者： Daniel Rio Robert Rawlings Lawrence Woltz Jodi gilman Daniel Hommer Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging Massachusetts General Hospital Charlestown USA NIAAA Columbia USA 3Synergy Research Inc. Monrovia USA Section of Brain Electrophysiology and Imaging LCTS NIAAA National Institutes of Health Bethesda USA Synergy Research Inc. Monrovia USA

Analysis of functional MRI (fMRI) blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) data is typically carried out in the time domain where the data has a high temporal correlation. These analyses usually employ parametric models of the hemodynamic response function (HRF) where either pre-whitening of the data is attempted or autoregressive (AR) models are employed to model the noise. Statistical analysis then proceeds via regression of the convolution of the HRF with the input stimuli. This approach has limitations when considering that the time series collected are embedded in a brain image in which the AR model order may vary and pre-whitening techniques may be insufficient for handling faster sampling times. However fMRI data can be analyzed in the Fourier domain where the assumptions made as to the structure of the noise can be less restrictive and hypothesis tests are straightforward for single subject analysis, especially useful in a clinical setting. This allows for experiments that can have both fast temporal sampling and event-related designs where stimuli can be closely spaced in time. Equally important, statistical analysis in the Fourier domain focuses on hypothesis tests based on nonparametric estimates of the hemodynamic transfer function (HRF in the frequency domain). This is especially important for experimental designs involving multiple states (drug or stimulus induced) that may alter the form of the response function. In this context a univariate general linear model in the Fourier domain has been applied to analyze BOLD data sampled at a rate of 400 ms from an experiment that used a two-way ANOVA design for the deterministic stimulus inputs with inter-stimulus time intervals chosen from Poisson distributions of equal intensity.

关键词： fMRI (BOLD) Time Series Analysis Single Subject Analysis Fourier Domain Statistical Analysis Complex General Linear Model Alcoholism Research