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Unknown DDos Attack Detection with Fuzzy C-Means Clustering and spatial Location Constraint Prototype Loss

Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第2期78卷 2181-2205页

作者： Thanh-Lam Nguyen HaoKao Thanh-Tuan Nguyen Mong-fong Horng Chin-shiuh shieh Department of Electronic Engineering National Kaohsiung University of Science and TechnologyKaohsiung807618Taiwan Department of Electronic and Automation Engineering Nha Trang UniversityNha Trang650000Vietnam

since its inception,the Internet has been rapidly *** the advancement of science and technology and the explosive growth of the population,the demand for the Internet has been on the *** applications in education,healthcare,entertainment,science,and more are being increasingly deployed based on the ***,malicious threats on the internet are on the rise as *** Denial of service(DDos)attacks are among the most common and dangerous threats on the internet *** scale and complexity of DDos attacks are constantly *** Detection systems(IDs)have been deployed and have demonstrated their effectiveness in defense against those *** addition,the research of Machine Learning(ML)and Deep Learning(DL)in IDs has gained effective results and significant ***,one of the challenges when applying ML and DL techniques in intrusion detection is the identification of unknown *** attacks,which are not encountered during the system’s training,can lead to misclassification with significant *** this research,we focused on addressing the issue of Unknown Attack Detection,combining two methods:spatial Location Constraint Prototype Loss(sLCPL)and Fuzzy C-Means(FCM).With the proposed method,we achieved promising results compared to traditional *** proposed method demonstrates a very high accuracy of up to 99.8%with a low false positive rate for known attacks on the Intrusion Detection Evaluation Dataset(CICIDs2017)***,the accuracy is also very high,reaching 99.7%,and the precision goes up to 99.9%for unknown DDos attacks on the DDos Evaluation Dataset(CICDDos2019)*** success of the proposed method is due to the combination of sLCPL,an advanced Open-set Recognition(OsR)technique,and FCM,a traditional yet highly applicable clustering *** has yielded a novel method in the field of unknown attack *** further expands the trend of applying DL and M

关键词： Cybersecurity DDos unknown attack detection machine learning deep learning incremental learning convolutional neural networks(CNN) open-set recognition(OsR) spatial location constraint prototype loss fuzzy c-means CICIDs2017 CICDDos2019

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Health through martial arts training: Physical fitness and reaction time in adolescent Taekwondo practitioners

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Health 2013年第6期5卷 1-5页

作者： shirley s. M. fong shamay s. M. Ng Louisa M. Y. Chung Department of Health and Physical Education The Hong Kong Institute of Education Hong Kong China Department of Rehabilitation sciences The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong China Institute of Human Performance The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China

Taekwondo (TKD) is a popular sport among adolescents, but the potential benefits of TKD training to young individuals are not well understood. The objectives of this cross-sectional exploratory study were to compare flexibility, muscular endurance, body composition, and simple reaction time between TKD-trained adolescents and controls. Twenty TKD-trained adolescents aged between 10 and 14 and 20 age-matched healthy controls were asked to perform five physical fitness tests: a sit-and-reach test, leg split test, skinfold measurement, one-minute curl-up test, and ruler-drop reaction time test. The results revealed no significance differences between the two groups in sit-and-reach distance (p = 0.690), leg split angle (p = 0.789), percentage of body fat (p = 0.342), or number of repetitions in the one-minute curl-up test (p = 0.250). However, the TKD group had significantly faster reaction times in the rulerdrop test than the control group (p = 0.005). The results thus suggest that although TKD training may improve reaction times in adolescents, it may have little effect on flexibility, muscular endurance, and body composition (percentage of fat). TKD may be a suitable exercise for improving simple reaction time, but it may not be suitable for improving general physical fitness in adolescents.

关键词： Martial Arts sports Health Adolescence

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14C-棉酚:棉花幼苗生物合成的最佳条件（英文）

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药学学报 1983年第1期18卷 57-63页

作者：黄燧明,Michael B slaytor,Harry H s fong,G A Cordell,Norman R Farnsworth Australia 美国芝加哥美国芝加哥美国芝加哥伊利诺大学医学中心药学院生药及药理学系伊利诺大学医学中心药学院生药及药理学系伊利诺大学医学中心药学院生药及药理学系伊利诺大学医学中心药学院生药及药理学系伊利诺大学医学中心药学院生药及药理学系美国芝加哥美国芝加哥 Department of Biochemistry University of sidney sidney 2006 New south Wales

将[1-14C]-乙酸钠加入棉花（Gossypium hirsutum ***-506）幼苗的培养液中,经四天的培育,得到最高放射活性的棉酚。实验中亦显示体外加乙酸钠具有激发棉酚生物合成的特性。每两百株棉花幼苗加入6 mg乙酸钠可得最高量的棉酚。

关键词：棉酚棉花棉花幼苗生物合成 [1-14C]-乙酸盐外加乙酸盐 14C-棉酚

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The Enjoyment of Physical Activity Determines Body Mass Index in Young People with Physical Disabilities

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Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2014年第5期4卷 241-249页

作者： shirley s. M. fong Amy s. C. Ha Tina W. T. Chan Mei K. Au Department of sports science and Physical Education The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China Physiotherapy Department Hong Kong Red Cross John F. Kennedy Centre Hong Kong China Physiotherapy Department Kowloon Hospital Hong Kong China

Objective: This study aimed to 1) compare the body mass index (BMI) and patterns of out-of-school activity participation in young people with and without physical disabilities, and 2) examine the relationship between BMI and the activity participation patterns among young people with physical disabilities. Methods: Thirty-nine young persons with physical disabilities (mean age ± standard deviation: 18.79 ± 1.99 years) and 70 healthy individuals (mean age ± standard deviation: 18.64 ± 0.74 years) participated in the study. The diversity, intensity, companionship, location and enjoyment of participation in activities were evaluated using the Children’s Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment (CAPE) scale. Body height and weight were obtained and BMI was calculated. Results: People with physical disabilities, regardless of their gender, had significantly lower CAPE-derived scores in almost all types of activity than the control participants (p s significantly higher in the group with physical disabilities than in the control group (p ssion analysis further showed that the CAPE score for physical activity explained 17.2% of the variance in BMI (p = 0.021). Conclusion: Young people with physical disabilities generally had lower levels of activity participation and a higher BMI than their healthy counterparts. The perception of enjoyment during physical activities was an important determinant of BMI in this group of participants.

关键词： Exercise Obesity Happiness Disabled Persons

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spatio-temporal clustering analysis of COVID-19 cases in Johor

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2024年第2期9卷 387-396页

作者： fong Ying Foo Nuzlinda Abdul Rahman Fauhatuz Zahroh shaik Abdullah Nurul syafiah Abd Naeeim school of Mathematical sciences Universiti Sains Malaysia11800Pulau PinangMalaysia

At the end of the year 2019,a virus named sARs-CoV-2 induced the coronavirus disease,which is very contagious and quickly spread around the *** new infectious disease is called *** areas,such as the economy,social services,education,and healthcare system,have suffered grave consequences from the invasion of this deadly ***,a thorough understanding of the spread of COVID-19 is required in order to deal with this outbreak before it becomes an infectious *** this research,the daily reported COVID-19 cases in 92 sub-districts in Johor state,Malaysia,as well as the population size associated to each sub-district,are used to study the propagation of COVID-19 disease across space and time in *** time frame of this research is about 190 days,which started from August 5,2021,until February 10,*** clustering technique known as spatio-temporal clustering,which considers the spatio-temporal metric was adapted to determine the hot-spot areas of the COVID-19 disease in Johor at the sub-district *** results indicated that COVID-19 disease does spike in the dynamic populated sub-districts such as the state's economic centre(Bandar Johor Bahru),and during the festive *** findings empirically prove that the transmission rate of COVID-19 is directly proportional to human mobility and the presence of *** the other hand,the result of this study will help the authority in charge in stopping and preventing COVID-19 from spreading and become worsen at the national level.

关键词： Disease mapping COVID-19Hot-spot areas sub-district level spatio-temporal clustering scan statistics

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牛仔布的发展

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国外纺织技术(针织、服装分册) 1988年第13期 34-36页

作者： W.s.fong 温建明

近十年来,除了美国一直作为主要的服装生产国外,香港也已经成为世界上牛仔布产品的主要供应地区。香港和美国的厂商就牛仔布生产进行交流,希望能通过现代工艺与技术的应用来达到改进产品的目的,其中最基本的革新是采用气流纺纱。牛仔布... 详细信息

近十年来,除了美国一直作为主要的服装生产国外,香港也已经成为世界上牛仔布产品的主要供应地区。香港和美国的厂商就牛仔布生产进行交流,希望能通过现代工艺与技术的应用来达到改进产品的目的,其中最基本的革新是采用气流纺纱。牛仔布组织结构多样,品种繁多(见表

关键词：纱线织物无梭织机牛仔布牛仔裤裤子疵点病疵

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Detection and clearance in Alzheimer’s disease: leading with illusive chemical, structural and morphological features of the targets

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第3期19卷 497-498页

作者： Luís Gales i3s−Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em saúde Rua Alfredo AllenPortoPortugal(Gales L)IBMC−Instituto de Biologia Molecular e CelularUniversidade do PortoRua Alfredo AllenPortoPortugal ICBAs−Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel salazar Rua de Jorge Viterbo FerreiraPortoPortugal

Highly specific interactions between biomolecules,such as antigen-antibody,protein-ligand,or nucleic acid base pair complementary are on the basis of the organization of complex *** same principles may be tentatively used in molecular medicine for diagnosis and therapeutics.A molecule can be designed to selectively bind a protease and thereby inhibit the production of a peptide that forms toxic aggregates in the brain or an antibody may be produced to bind specifically to that peptide for detection or clearance ***,interference in biological systems is not that *** a start there is the inhibition of the physiological role of the protease;moreover,several cleavage fragments may be produced,which may continue to diverge due to putative post-translational modification and self-assembly processes,hiding the toxic target in a“soup”of peptide species varying in size,structure and chemical composition.A perspective of the current status and challenges in targeting peptide species for diagnosis and treatment in the context of Alzheimer’s disease is given.

关键词： Alzheimer diagnosis thereby

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利用紫外Mie散射激光雷达探测澳门地区沙尘暴事件

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光谱学与光谱分析 2012年第3期32卷 625-629页

作者：刘巧君郑玉臣朱建华冯瑞权曾秀桦谭建成冼保生四川大学物理科学与技术学院四川成都610064 澳门科技大学资讯科技学院激光雷达联合实验室澳门地球物理暨气象局

研制了一台工作波长为355nm的紫外高能Mie散射激光雷达,并利用该激光雷达在2010年一次沙尘暴事件期间对澳门上空的大气进行了探测,得到了澳门地区不同时刻的气溶胶消光系数垂直廓线。利用Fernald方法反演得到的气溶胶近地面消光系数随... 详细信息

研制了一台工作波长为355nm的紫外高能Mie散射激光雷达,并利用该激光雷达在2010年一次沙尘暴事件期间对澳门上空的大气进行了探测,得到了澳门地区不同时刻的气溶胶消光系数垂直廓线。利用Fernald方法反演得到的气溶胶近地面消光系数随时间的变化与当地气象数据具有较好的一致性,气溶胶消光系数与当地可吸入颗粒物浓度的相关性达到了0.93。气溶胶垂直廓线显示,在沙尘暴来临期间存在明显的沙尘气溶胶凝集层。通过气溶胶轨迹倒推,分析了沙尘气溶胶的来源及路径。观测结果表明,该激光雷达可以在特殊天气条件下对澳门地区气溶胶进行有效探测,这将有助于深化对澳门上空气溶胶特性的研究。

关键词：激光雷达沙尘暴气溶胶消光系数

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非正态分布极端气候事件预测的3种方法

非正态分布极端气候事件预测的3种方法

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第34届中国气象学会年会

作者：钱诚周文 s.K.fong K.C.Leong 中国科学院大气物理研究所中国科学院大学香港城市大学

极端气候事件对人类生命财产、区域社会经济以及生态系统有重要的影响,但对它的机理和预测问题是目前的难点。这不仅因为它是小概率事件,而且很多天气/气候极值并不服从正态分布。以往很多气候变率和变化研究（趋势估计、诊断物理机制... 详细信息

极端气候事件对人类生命财产、区域社会经济以及生态系统有重要的影响,但对它的机理和预测问题是目前的难点。这不仅因为它是小概率事件,而且很多天气/气候极值并不服从正态分布。以往很多气候变率和变化研究（趋势估计、诊断物理机制、构建统计预测/降尺度模型等）采用的传统统计方法多数是基于正态分布假定,在非正态分布的极端气候事件分析上遇到了瓶颈。我们在做澳门和香港的极端气候事件预测项目时发展了面向非正态分布极端气候事件统计预测的3种方法。方法（1）当非正态分布数据偏离正态分布并不太大时,通过数学变换把非正态分布的预报量转换成准正态分布变量（例如图1）,并利用传统的皮尔逊相关或线性回归分析诊断有物理意义的预报因子,最后通过传统的多元回归构建统计预测/降尺度模型（Qian et al.2015）。方法（2）当非正态分布数据很大程度地偏离正态分布时（例如图2）,利用非参数的斯皮尔曼秩相关诊断有物理意义的预报因子,最后通过广义线性回归构建统计预测/降尺度模型（Qian et al.2015）。方法（3）当非正态分布的预测变量存在明显的年代际变率和趋势变化时,用年际增量（当年的变量值减去前一年的值,范可等,2007）辅助预测,它和方法（1）有些相似,都是先得到准正态分布的预测量,然后通过常规的统计方法构建预测模型预测年际增量,最后再加上前一年的实测值得到预测值;该方法还可以较好地考虑局地城市化效应对预报量的影响（Qian and Zhou,2017）通过澳门的极端热日和热夜频数的个例和相应的机理研究（耦合的ENsO-东亚夏季风年际年代际变率）以及香港高温日数的预测研究,表明上述3种方法有较好的预测技巧（例如图3）,同时也表明极端气候事件具有一定的可预测性。这3种方法同样适用于降水等非正态分布的预报量的汛期预测。

关键词：极端气候事件非正态分布变换广义线性回归年际增量

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A highly-sensitive automatic transient laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy system with high temporal and spatial resolution

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Chinese Physics B 2012年第8期21卷 469-475页

作者：刘巧君冯瑞权郑玉臣罗时荣谭建成朱建华冼保生 Department of Physics Sichuan University Faculty of Information Technology Macao University of Science and TechnologyMacao Special Administrative Region(SAR)China Meteorological and Geophysical Bureau Macao Special Administrative Region(SAR)China Department of Physics Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610064China

A highly-sensitive automatic transient laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy （LIBs） system is designed and integrated. It successfully avoids the delay time selecting problem in the conventional LIBs system, and realizes the LIBs data acquisition with high spatiotemporal resolution automatically. Multiple transient spectra can be obtained in each measurement, which will provide more information for spectral research. The water-vapour and liquid-water Raman scattering spectra are captured by this system, and the comparison of experimental water-vapour Raman scattering spectrum with theoretical data verifies the reliability of the LIBs system. Based on this system, the air laser induced air breakdown spectra are captured and analysed. The system is also useful for the research on water-vapour Raman Lidar remote sensing.

关键词： laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy water Raman spectrum water-vapour RamanLidar

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