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Every Cloud has a Silver Lining: Using Silver Concentration to Identify the Number of Sources of Lead used in Shang Dynasty Bronzes

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2020年第3期94卷 585-593页

作者： LIU Ruiliang A.mark pollard LIU Cheng Jessica RAWSON School of Archaeology.University of Oxford OxfordUnited Kingdoms(0X13TG) School of Cultural Heritage Northwest UniversityXi'an 710069China

The use of lead, some of which is characterized by a highly radiogenic signature, sharply distinguishes Bronze Age China from the rest of Eurasia. Scholars have long hypothesized that silver can offer an independent proxy to characterize lead minerals. The summary of silver distribution associated with Shang and Western Zhou bronzes in this paper reveals an important difference between the south(Sanxingdui, Hanzhong, Jinsha, Panlongcheng, Xin’gan) and the Central Plains. Correlating silver with lead content as well as with the isotopic signature indicates that south China and the Central Plains had different lead sources during the late Shang period, and also that the highly radiogenic and common lead used at Anyang come from geochemical environments which cannot be distinguished by the level of silver.

关键词： lead Isotopes highly radiogenic silver Shang and Western Zhou Bronze Age China

Metallurgy at the Crossroads: New Analyses of Copper-based Objects at Tianshanbeilu, Eastern Xinjiang, China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2020年第3期94卷 594-602页

作者： LIU Cheng LIU Ruiliang ZHOU Pengcheng LU Chun YANG Zengxin A.mark pollard Peter HOMMEL MA Jian CUI Jianfeng Peter BRAY TONG Jianyi Jessica RAWSON School of Cultural Heritage Northwest UniversityXi’an 710069China Research Center of Material Science and Archaeology NPU Institute of Culture and HeritageNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China School of Archaeology University of OxfordOxfordUK(OX13TG Xi’an Museum Xi’an 710068China Shandong University of Finance and Economics Library Jinan 250012China School of Electronic Engineering Xidian UniversityXi’an 710068China Department of Archaeology Classics and EgyptologyUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK(L77BD School of Archaeology and Museology Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China British Museum LondonUK(WC1B 3DG Department of Archaeology University of ReadingReadingUK(RG66AB

Tianshanbeilu is the largest Bronze Age site in eastern Xinjiang, China. Stretching across the entire second millennium BC, it performed a prominent role in connecting the Hexi corridor, Central China and the steppe. A further insight into the metallurgical tradition and the metal supply network is of vital importance to improve our understanding of its multi-connected nature. This paper offers a new set of chemical and isotopic data on the copper-based objects at Tianshanbeilu, including alloying elements, trace elements(impurities) and lead isotopes. Combining the concentrations of arsenic and antimony reveals that arsenic was introduced to copper partially due to the use of specific minerals tethrahedrite-tennantite. Lead isotopes demonstrate that multiple sources of copper were employed at Tianshanbeilu and a majority of them are characterized by common lead, which appears rather different from those of the Central Plains and the Hexi corridor, but highly consistent with local ores. Surprisingly, one object at Tianshanbeilu contains the well-known highly radiogenic lead. This object undoubtedly marks the westernmost boundary of the distribution of the highly radiogenic lead. We also anticipate that more lead isotopic analyses in NW China will further contribute to the study of the highly radiogenic lead in Central China.

关键词： highly radiogenic lead chemical and isotopic analysis metallurgy Tianshanbeilu

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新宠儿？

车主之友 2008年第1期 96-101页

作者： Tim pollard mark Fagelson(摄影)

全新MINI Clubman轿车虽然价格谈不上实惠，但却有着惊人的实用性，其透着纯粹疯狂的时尚气质仍令其成为众人追捧的对象。

关键词：宝马汽车公司汽车行业发展战略经营策略

佛教石窟断代方法新进展:如何基于贝叶斯模型(OxCal)和考古信息提高碳十四测年精度

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敦煌研究 2018年第6期 168-176页

作者：郭青林卢春刘睿良赵燕林王建军张小刚凤飞理查德·斯达夫马克波·拉德杨善龙苏伯民敦煌研究院甘肃敦煌736200 山东财经大学图书馆山东济南250014 牛津大学考古与艺术史实验室英国牛津0X12PG 北京大学考古文博学院北京100871 苏格兰环境研究中心(SUERC) 英国格拉斯哥G750QF

分布于丝绸之路上的大小佛教石窟为研究佛教的传播以及中西文化交流史提供了丰富的资料,然而这些石窟的修建时间在学术界还存在一些争议,要更好地发掘这些石窟背后的发展脉络和价值,就必须建立一套高精度的年代序列。本文以敦煌莫高窟为... 详细信息

分布于丝绸之路上的大小佛教石窟为研究佛教的传播以及中西文化交流史提供了丰富的资料,然而这些石窟的修建时间在学术界还存在一些争议,要更好地发掘这些石窟背后的发展脉络和价值,就必须建立一套高精度的年代序列。本文以敦煌莫高窟为例,将石窟纪年铭文、考古相对年代与大量高精度碳十四数据结合,利用贝叶斯算法,不仅将敦煌莫高窟早期三窟(第268/272/275)的始建年代进一步精确,还更加全面地展现单个石窟(敦煌莫高窟第285窟)的开凿营建史(生命历程)。这一研究方法和思路可以进一步拓展至河西走廊或整个丝绸之路上的石窟群,由此建立的年代序列不仅对研究佛教在中国的传播和发展有重要意义,还可以为探索丝绸之路上其他文化交流提供参考。

关键词：碳十四测年贝叶斯算法敦煌石窟佛教研究丝绸之路