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The Effect of Laser Ablation Pulse Width and Feed Speed on Necrosis and Surface Damage of Cortical Bone

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2022年第3期35卷 106-122页

作者： Jose A.Robles‑linares Kieran Winter Zhirong Liao Faculty of Engineering University of NottinghamNottingham NG72RDUK

Bone cutting is of importance in orthopaedic surgery but is also challenging due to its nature of brittleness—where severe mechanical and thermal damages can be introduced easily in conventional machining.Laser machining is a new technology that can allow for complex cut geometries whilst minimising surface defects i.e.,smearing,which occur in mechanical methods.However,comparative studies on the influence of lasers with different pulse characteristics on necrotic damage and surface integrity have not been reported yet.This paper for the first time investigates the effects of laser type on the necrotic damage and surface integrity in fresh bovine cortical bone after ex-situ laser machining.Three lasers of different pulse widths,i.e.,picosecond,nanosecond and continuous wave lasers have been investigated with different feed speeds tested to study the machining efficiency.The cutting temperature,and geometrical outputs have been measured to investigate the thermal influence on the cooling behaviour of the bone samples while high-speed imaging was used to compare the material removal mechanisms between a pulsed and continuous wave laser.Furthermore,an in-depth histological analysis of the subsurface has revealed that the nanosecond laser caused the largest necrotic depth,owing to the high pulse frequency limiting the dissipation of heat.It has also been observed that surface cracks positioned perpendicular to the trench direction were produced after machining by the picosecond laser,indicative of the photomechanical effect induced by plasma explosions.Therefore,the choice of laser type(i.e.,in terms of its pulse width and frequency)needs to be critically considered for appropriate application during laser osteotomy with minimum damage and improved healing.

关键词： Bone cutting Necrosis Surface damage Laser machining Histology

The effects of industrial policymaking on the economics of low-emission technologies: the TRANSid model

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Energy Storage and Saving 2023年第3期2卷 513-521页

作者： Timo Gerres José Pablo Chaves Pedro linares Institute for Research in Technology(IIT) ICAI School of EngineeringComillas Pontifical UniversityMadrid28015Spain

Basic materials such as steel,cement,aluminium,and(petro)chemicals are the building blocks of industrialised societies.However,their production is extremely energy and emission intensive,and these industries need to decarbonise their emissions over the next decades to keep global warming at least below 2°C.Low-emission industrial-scale production processes are not commercially available for any of these basic materials and require policy support to ensure their large-scale diffusion over the upcoming decades.The novel transition to industry decarbonisation(TRANSid)model analyses the framework conditions that enable large-scale investment decisions in climate-friendly basic material options.We present a simplified case study of the cement sector to demonstrate the process by which the model optimises investment and operational costs in carbon capture technology by 2050.Furthermore,we demonstrate that extending the model to other sectors allows for the analysis of industry-and sector-specific policy options.

关键词： Deep decarbonisation Industrial policy Basic material sector Industry transition Emission pricing Carbon capture

Liver expression of steroid hormones and Apolipoprotein D receptors in hepatocellular carcinoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第23期13卷 3221-3227页

作者： FJ Vizoso M Rodriguez A Altadill ML González-Diéguez a linares LO González S Junquera F Fresno-Forcelledo MD Corte L Rodrigo Unidad de Investigación. Fundación Hospital de Jove. Gijón Spain Gastroenterology Service. Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias. Oviedo Spain Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias. Oviedo Spain Pathology Service. Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias. Oviedo Spain

AIM: To evaluate the tissular expression of Androgen (A), Estrogen (E) and Progesterone (Pg) receptors, and Apolipoprotein D (ApoD), in liver tumors from resected hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases in order to assess their possible relationship to prognosis. METHODS: We performed an immunohistochemical study using tissue microarrays (containing more than 260 cancer specimens, from 31 HCC patients and controls) to determine the presence of specif ic antibodies against AR, ER, PgR and ApoD, correlating their findings with several clinico-pathological and biological variables. The staining results were categorized using a semi-quantitive score based on their intensity, and the percentage of immunostained cells was measured. RESULTS: A total of 21 liver tumors (67.7%) were positive for AR; 16 (51.6%) for ER; 26 (83.9%) for PgR and 12 (38.7%) stained for ApoD. We have found a wide variability in the immunostaining score values for each protein, with a median (range) of 11.5 (11.5-229.5) for AR; 11.1 (8.5-65) for ER; 14.2 (4-61) for PgR; and 37.7 (13.8-81.1) for ApoD. A history of heavy ethanol consumption, correlated positively with AR and PgR and negatively with ER status. HCV chronic infection also correlated positively with AR and PgR status. However, the presence of ApoD immunostaining did not correlate with any of these variables. Tumors with a positive immuno-staining for PgR showed a better prognosis. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate a moderate clinical value of the steroid receptor status in HCC, emphasizing the need to perform further studies in order to evaluate the possible role of new hormonal-based therapies.

关键词：雄激素雌激素孕酮载脂蛋白肝细胞癌

用壬烷预吸附法和等温线相减法测定活性炭的微孔容积

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新型碳材料 1986年第3期 40-42页

作者： A.linares 包一

对氮等温线使用等温线相减法（IS）和壬烷预吸附法（NP）计算了一系列活性炭的微孔容积V0和剩余表面积S′。对于细微孔活性炭,用NP和IS法获得的V0和S′值是圆满地一致。对于粗微孔活性炭,用NP法计算V0值明显偏低,计算S′值偏高,因为壬... 详细信息

对氮等温线使用等温线相减法（IS）和壬烷预吸附法（NP）计算了一系列活性炭的微孔容积V0和剩余表面积S′。对于细微孔活性炭,用NP和IS法获得的V0和S′值是圆满地一致。对于粗微孔活性炭,用NP法计算V0值明显偏低,计算S′值偏高,因为壬烷不保持在粗微孔内。象这样的活性炭,若对NP剩余等温线使用IS法除去微孔对吸附的贡献,即能给出与用IS法求出的值一致的V0和S′值。

关键词：等温线 NP 热力学性质表活性炭吸附剂壬烷烷烃微孔预吸附

Physical habitat condition as a key tool to maintain freshwater biodiversity in neotropical artificial ponds

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Water Biology and Security 2023年第3期2卷 30-35页

作者： Marden S.linares Livia B.dos Santos Marcos Callisto Jean C.Santos Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Instituto de Ciencias BiologicasDepartamento de GeneticaEcologia e EvoluçaoLaboratorio de Ecologia de BentosAv.Antonio Carlos 6627CEP 31270-901PampulhaBelo HorizonteMGBrazil Laboratorio de Macroecologia e Conservaçao da Biodiversidade Departamento de Botanica e EcologiaUniversidade Federal do Mato GrossoAv.Fernando Correa da Costa2367Boa EsperançaCuiabaMato GrossoCEP 78060-900Brazil Programa de Pos-Graduaçao em Ciencias Ambientais Instituto de Ciencias NaturaisHumanas e SociaisUniversidade Federal do Mato GrossoAvenida Alexandre Ferronato1200SinopMTCEP 78550-728Brazil Universidade Federal de Sergipe Departamento de EcologiaCampus Sao Cristovao-Cidade Universitaria Prof.Jose Aloísio de CamposCEP 49100-000Sao CristovaoSergipeBrazil

In areas highly affected by anthropogenic disturbances,artificial(human-made)freshwater ecosystems can provide habitat for maintaining and conserving regional freshwater biodiversity.We assessed how the physical habitat of artificial ponds affected the structure of benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages.To do so,we tested two hypotheses.(1)Physical habitat disturbances are not detrimental to the diversity of nearby artificial ponds,and(2)Physical habitat disturbances do not cause significant shifts in taxonomic composition.Our results rejected both null hypotheses,i.e.,macroinvertebrate diversity metrics correlated significantly and positively with Physical Habitat Integrity index scores,and only sites with high habitat condition scores were significantly associated with sensitive indicator taxa.Our results highlight the importance of maintaining physical habitat conditions for sustaining the ecological health of artificial ponds.

关键词： Bioindicators Ecosystem management Lentic ecosystems

Wear Behavior of a Bio-inspired Bearing for off-center Loads

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2020年第6期17卷 1251-1262页

作者： Delphine Sysaykeo Jean-Marc linares Emmanuel Mermoz Alix-Marseile Universite CNRSCentre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueISMInstitut des Sciences du MouvementMarseille 13009France Advanced concepts and Dynamic systems architecture department Airbus HelicoptersAeroport International Marseille ProvenceMarignane 13700France

Misalignment is one of the most common causes of wear in bush bearings.Design improvements have been proposed by many researchers.Unfortunately,it did not efficiently reduce the misalignment.Classic geometrical designs sometimes reach their limits.For this reason,a bio-inspired design is proposed to solve the impediment.In this article,a bio-inspired bearing suited to misalignment was tested and compared to a classical bush bearing.The contact pressures of both bearings were compared with static Finite Element(FE)simulations for off-center load.Due to the complex shape of the involved contact,the performances of both bearings were also studied over time.Their wear behaviors were predicted with a numerical method.The methodologies emplaced to simulate the wear were described in this paper.Particularly,the wear coefficient determination obtained by experimental testing was detailed.The pressure value,the contact zone and the wear depth were compared and discussed.The wear results for the classical bearing are in accordance with the literature.The simulations show a deeper wear on the classical bush bearing than on the bio-inspired bearing.This leads to a longer period of service life for the bio-inspired bearing.

关键词： biologically inspired design bush bearing wear simulation

Joint Loading Estimation Method for Horse Forelimb High Jerk Locomotion:Jumping

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2019年第4期16卷 674-685页

作者： Joanne Becker Mermoz Emmanuel linares Jean-Marc Airbus Helicopters Aeroport de Marseille ProvenceMarignane 13700France Aix Marseille Univ CNRSISMInst Movement SciMarseille 13009France

Maximal local loads in animal joints are necessary to design bio-inspired mechanical joints.Many studies presented methods to determine joint reaction forces in humans and animals.However,many of these methods are invasive,and no work has been published yet about the joint reaction forces in the horse forelimb during jumping.Non-invasive methods to measure the kinematics and ground reaction force of a horse forelimb were used in this work.A musculoskeletal model of horse forelimb was built with mechanical methods for the estimation of joint reaction forces.The entire forelimb was reconstructed by scanning real bones geometry with a 3D optical scanner and modeling all the muscles on a Computer Assisted Design(CAD)software.The model dynamics were simulated with OpenSim in order to estimate the joint loading.This study allows knowing an order of magnitude of the loads at the joints at jumping in order to determine latter the maximal joint contact loading values that will be a key at designing bio-inspired joints for mechanical assemblies.

关键词： joint loading jumping kinematics modelling OpenSim

Is aggressive intravenous fluid resuscitation beneficial in acute pancreatitis? A meta-analysis of randomized control trials and cohort studies

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第10期26卷 1098-1106页

作者： Mohamed M Gad C.Roberto Simons-linares Internal Medicine Department Medicine InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOH 44195United States Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department Digestive Disease InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOH 44195United States

BACKGROUND There is conflincting evidence on the intravenous fluid(IVF)strategy for acute pancreatitis(AP).We perform a metaanalysis of the available evidence.AIM To investigate if aggressive IVF therapy in AP patients is beneficial to decrease mortality and improve outcomes.METHODS Metaanalysis of available randomized controlled trials and cohort studies comparing aggressive IVF vs non-aggressive IVF resuscitation.RESULTS There was no significant difference in mortality between the aggressive(n=1229)and non-aggressive IVF(n=1397)patients.Patients receiving aggressive IVF therapy had higher risk for acute kidney injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome.There also was no significant difference in the overall incidence of systemic inflammatory response syndrome,persistent organ failure,pancreatic necrosis when comparing both study groups.CONCLUSION Early aggressive IVF therapy did not improve mortality.Moreover,aggressive IVF therapy could potentially increase the risk for acute kidney injury and pulmonary edema leading to respiratory failure and mechanical ventilation.Studies are needed to investigate which subset of AP patients could benefit from aggressive IVF therapy.

关键词： Acute pancreatitis Intravenous fluid resuscitation Aggressive fluid resuscitation

Robust transcriptional indicators of immune cell death revealed by spatiotemporal transcriptome analyses

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Molecular Plant 2022年第6期15卷 1059-1075页

作者： Jose Salguero-linares Irene Serrano Nerea Ruiz-Solani Marta Salas-Gómez Ujjal Jyoti Phukan Victor Manuel González MartíBernardo-Faura Marc Valls David Rengel Nuria S.Coll Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics(CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UBCampus UABBellaterra08193 BarcelonaSpain LIPM Universitéde ToulouseINRACNRS84195 Castanet-TolosanFrance INRAE GeT-PlaGeGenotoul31326 Castanet-TolosanFrance Department of Genetics Universitat de Barcelona08028 BarcelonaSpain Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas(CSIC) BarcelonaSpain Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Physiology.Albrechtvon Haller Institute for Plant Sciences niversity of GottingenJulia-Lermontowa-Weg3.37077 GottingenGrmany Institut de Phammacologie et de Biologie Structurale IPBS Universite deToulouse CNRSUPSBP 64182205 route de Nartxonne310077 Toulouse Cedex 04France

Recognition of a pathogen by the plant immune system often triggers a form of regulated cell death traditionally known as the hypersensitive response(HR).This type of cell death occurs precisely at the site of pathogen recognition,and it is restricted to a few cells.Extensive research has shed light on how plant immune receptors are mechanistically activated.However,two central key questions remain largely unresolved:how does cell death zonation take place,and what are the mechanisms that underpin this phenomenon?Consequently,bona fide transcriptional indicators of HR are lacking,which prevents deeper insight into its mechanisms before cell death becomes macroscopic and precludes early or live observation.In this study,to identify the transcriptional indicators of HR we used the paradigmatic Arabidopsis thaliana–Pseudomonas syringae pathosystem and performed a spatiotemporally resolved gene expression analysis that compared infected cells that will undergo HR upon pathogen recognition with bystander cells that will stay alive and activate immunity.Our data revealed unique and time-dependent differences in the repertoire of differentially expressed genes,expression profiles,and biological processes derived from tissue undergoing HR and that of its surroundings.Furthermore,we generated a pipeline based on concatenated pairwise comparisons between time,zone,and treatment that enabled us to define 13 robust transcriptional HR markers.Among these genes,the promoter of an uncharacterized AAA-ATPase was used to obtain a fluorescent reporter transgenic line that displays a strong spatiotemporally resolved signal specifically in cells that will later undergo pathogen-triggered cell death.This valuable set of genes can be used to define cells that are destined to die upon infection with HR-triggering bacteria,opening new avenues for specific and/or high-throughput techniques to study HR processes at a single-cell level.

关键词： Arabidopsis thaliana cell death indicator effector-triggered immunity hypersensitive response pattern-triggered immunity plant immunity Pseudomonas syringae