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Incidence, clinical features and para-clinical findings of achalasia in Algeria: Experience of 25 years

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第38期22卷 8615-8623页

作者： Amar Tebaibia Mohammed Amine boudjella.Djamel Boutarene Farouk Benmediouni Hakim Brahimi Nadia Oumnia Internal Medicine Department Kouba HospitalUniversity of Algiers 1 Department of Epidemiology National Public Health InstituteEl BiarUniversity of Algiers 1

AIM To investigate the incidence of achalasia in Algeria and to determine its clinical and para-clinical profile. To evaluate the impact of continuing medical education(CME) on the incidence of this *** From 1990 to 2014, 1256 patients with achalasia were enrolled in this prospective study. A campaign of CME on diagnosis involving different regions of the country was conducted between 1999 and 2003. Annual incidence and prevalence were calculated by relating the number of diagnosed cases to 105 inhabitants. Each patient completed a standardized questionnaire, and underwent upper endoscopy, barium swallow and esophageal manometry. We systematically looked for Allgrove syndrome and familial *** The mean annual incidence raised from 0.04(95%CI: 0.028-0.052) during the 1990 s to 0.27/105 inhabitants/year(95%CI: 0.215-0.321) during the 2000 s. The incidence of the disease was two and half times higher in the north and the center compared to the south of the country. One-hundred-and-twenty-nine(10%) were children and 97(7.7%) had Allgrove syndrome. Familial achalasia was noted in 18 different families. Patients had dysphagia(99%), regurgitation(83%), chest pain(51%), heartburn 24.5% and weight loss(70%). The lower esophageal sphincter was hypertensive in 53% and hypotensive in 0.6%.CONCLUSION The mean incidence of achalasia in Algeria is at least 0.27/105 inhabitants. A good impact on the incidence of CME was noted. A gradient of incidence between different regions of the country was found. This variability is probably related to genetic and environmental factors. The discovery of an infantile achalasia must lead to looking for Allgrove syndrome and similar cases in the family.

关键词： Achalasia Incidence Allgrove syndrome Manometry Continuing medical education

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Modelling Electricity Generation and Capacity with CO<sub>2</sub>Emissions for Sub Saharan Africa

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Open Journal of Statistics 2018年第5期8卷 861-872页

作者： Aissa boudjella.Andrew Mugumya American University of Afghanistan Kabul Afghanistan Bircham International University Madrid Spain Pan African University Institute of Water and Energy Science PAUWES Tlemcen University Tlemcen Algeria EnergySol Consulting Limited Kampala Uganda

In this investigation the electricity generation and the electricity capacity of energy mix for sub Saharan Africa from 2020 to 2040 including CO2 emission from (coal, oil, gas) (Total Final Consumption, transport) and power generation were analyzed. These energy sources include conventional and renewable energy sources such as coal, oil, gas, hydro, nuclear, bioenergy, solar PV, and other renewables. We developed a linear regression equation based on the least-square method of estimation to forecast the value of energy and CO2 emission. We fit a linear trend to the energy time series including CO2 emission to show how simple linear regression analysis can be used to forecast future value. The predicted results from 2020 to 2040 show that the electricity capacity and the electricity generation from gas, hydro, solar PV and other renewables will dominate compared to nuclear and bioenergy. Some forms of energies contributions such as nuclear and bioenergy will remain insignificant. The gas will continue to emit a lot carbon dioxide compared to the emission from oil and coal. The emission of CO2 from total final consumption (TFC) of oil will be high compared to its emission from power generation (PG) and transport. The least squares estimated regression equation adequately describes the relationship between Energy or CO2 emission and time period with a high R-squared. This approach of modeling in a linear regression, the energy and CO2 emission simplifies significantly the analysis to help policy makers underlying reasons for the trends to develop appropriate strategies for the future, may be useful to assess the sustained economic development and transformation that require a definition of electricity access in those countries.

关键词： CO2 Emission Conventional and Non-Conventional Resources Sub-Sahara Africa Century Case

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Non-Native English Speaker Readability Metric: Reading Speed and Comprehension

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2017年第6期5卷 1257-1268页

作者： Aissa boudjella.Mukti Sharma Deepti Sharma Department of Information Technology and Computer Science American University of Afghanistan Kabul Afghanistan Department of Electrical Engineering Bircham International University Madrid Spain General Education KIC Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates BML Munjal University Gurgaon India

This paper presents an investigation to evaluate the reading speed and reading comprehension of non-native English speaking students by presenting a simple analytical model. For this purpose, various readability softwares were used to estimate the average grade level of the given texts. The relationship between the score obtained by the students and their reading speed under average grade level 9 and 14 using font size 12 and 14 is presented. The experimental results show that the reading speed and the score versus the students may be explained by a linear regression. Reading speed decreases as the score decreases. The students with a higher magnitude of reading speed scored better marks. More importantly, we find that the reading speed of our students is lower than the native English speakers. This approach of modeling the readability in linear form significantly simplifies the readability analysis.

关键词： Readability Reading Speed Software Readability Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level Gunning-Fog Score Coleman-Liau Index Smog Index Automatic Readability Index Linear Regression

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East Africa Region Energy Projection with the Carbon Emissions for Conventional Energy

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Computational Water, Energy, and Environmental Engineering 2018年第2期7卷 69-79页

作者： Aissa boudjella.Mwongereza Jean d’Amour American University Darulaman Road Kabul Afghanistan Kabul Afghanistan Bircham International University Avda Sierra 2 Villanueva de la Ca&#241 ada Madrid Spain Pan African University Institute of Water and Energy Science PAUWES Pole Chetouane Tlemcen Algeria Integrated Polytechnic Regional Centre East (IPRC-EAST) Kibungo Rwanda

In this study we analyzed the generation and the potential of the electricity capacity of energy mix in East Africa from 2020 to 2040 including CO2 emission. The predicted results show that the electricity generated from hydro will dominate compared to gas, oil, coal, Solar PV, bio-energy and other renewable energy. Some forms of energies such as bio-energy, solar PV will contribute less, while the contribution of nuclear will remain insignificant. The oil will continue to emit a lot carbon dioxides compared to the emission from gas and coal. The emission of CO2 from total final consumption (TFC) of oil will be high compared to its emission from power generation (PG) of oil. More importantly, the results show a linear relationship between the energy outlook and time. This approach of modeling the energy in a linear form simplifies significantly the analysis of the electricity generation and capacity. Due to this high emission of CO2, a new policy and a transition from conventional to renewable should be implemented with clean and energy efficiency technology.

关键词： East Africa Electricity Generation Electrical Capacity Renewable Energy Carbon Dioxide Emissions

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Energy Outlook in East Africa Region and the Carbon Emissions for Conventional En-ergy Projection (Part I)

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Journal of Power and Energy Engineering 2016年第7期4卷 32-41页

作者： Mwongereza Jean d’Amour Aissa boudjella Pan African University Institute of Water and Energy Science (PAUWES) Tlemcen University Tlemcen Algeria Bircham International University Madrid Spain

In this investigation, we focus on the current energy sources and future projects situation in East Africa up to 2040. Electricity generation potential of energy mix and electrical capacity will be analyzed. For both electricity generation and electrical capacity, the data source shows that some forms of energies such bio-energy, solar PV, etc. will contribute less as well as with insignificant contribution of nuclear energy. Whereas hydro is dominating comparing with gas, oil, coal, solar PV, bio-energy and other renewables energies. From 2000 up to 2012, hydro and oil were only the one source of electricity generation. Starting from 2020, other forms of energies will appear and continue to increase at different rate. The international trade of electricity in this region will appear in 2020 and continue to increase as predicted by the data. Up to 2040, hydro will play a big role in electricity generation with other renewable energy sources, such as coal, oil, Gas, bio- energy and solar PV that will continue to increase at different rate. The share of solar PV in energy generation will slowly increase compared to other sources. The capacity of hydro and renewable energy sources will be high compared with other sources of energy such as bioenergy, coal, oil, PV solar, and gas. The results show also that bio-energy will increase slowly in electricity generation in comparison with other source of energies. The present report shows that oil will continue to emit a lot carbon dioxide compared to gas and coal. The emission of CO2 from total final consumption (TFC) of oil will continue to be high in comparing with CO2 emission from power generation (PG) of oil. But the emission of carbon dioxide from power generation of coal from 2025 until 2040 will be high compared with emission of CO2 generated from FTC of coal. In this period, the emission from TFC for gas will remain insignificant. The total final consumption emission of oil in general

关键词： Electricity Generation Electrical Capacity Renewable Energy Carbon Dioxide Emissions

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