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An Integrated Approach to Crop Genetic Improvement

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2012年第4期54卷 250-259页

作者： Martin A.J.Parry malcolm J.Hawkesford Rothamsted Research Plant Science Department

The balance between the supply and demand of the major food crops is fragile, fueling concerns for long-term global food security. The rising population, increasing wealth and a proliferation of non- food uses （e.g. bioenergy） has led to growing demands on agricul- ture, while increased production is limited by greater urbanization, and the degradation of land. Furthermore, global climate change with increasing temperatures and lower, more erratic rainfall is projected to decrease agricultural yields. There is a predicted need to increase food production by at least 70% by 2050 and there- fore an urgent need to develop novel and integrated approaches, incorporating high-throughput phenotyping that will both increaseproduction per unit area and simultaneously improve the resource use efficiency of crops. Yield potential, yield stability, nutrient and water use are all complex multigenic traits and while there is genetic variability, their complexity makes such traits difficult to breed for directly. Nevertheless molecular plant breeding has the potential to deliver substantial improvements, once the component traits and the genes underlying these traits have been identified. In addition, interactions between the individual traits must also be taken into account, a demand that is difficult to fulfill with traditional screening approaches. Identified traits will be incorporated into new cultivars using conventional or biotechnological tools. In order to better understand the relationship between genotype, component traits, and environment over time, a multidisciplinary approach must be adopted to both understand the underlying processes and identify candidate genes, QTLs and traits that can be used to develop improved crops.

关键词： Germpiasm variation nitrogen TILLING transformation trait water wheat yield.

Editorial for special issue on laser fusion

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2017年第1期2卷 1-2页

作者： Ke Lan Mike campbell Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics Beijing 100088China Laboratory for Laser Energetics University of Rochester250 East River RoadP.O.Box 278871RochesterNY 14623-1299USA

It is a dream of worldwide scientists to demonstrate fusion ignition and gain in the *** demonstration of laboratory fusion ignition via Inertial Confinement Fusion(ICF)will allow scientists to understand processes in the cores of stars,to point the way toward carbon-free energy with virtually unlimited fuel supply,and to contribute to main-taining a safe and reliable nuclear deterrent without *** addition,the facilities,diagnostics and modeling developed for fusion research have enabled the emerging field of high energy density physics(HEDP)that impacts a broad range of topics including condensed matter,planetary and stellar science.

关键词： condensed addition stars

Neoadjuvant treatment of esophageal cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第30期16卷 3793-3803页

作者： Nicholas P campbell Victoria M Villaflor Section of Hematology/Oncology Department of MedicineThe University of Chicago Pritzker School of MedicineChicagoIL 60637United States

The management of esophageal cancer has been evolving over the past 30 years. In the United States, multimodality treatment combining chemotherapy and radiotherapy (RT) prior to surgical resection has come to be accepted by many as the standard of care, although debate about its overall effect on survival still exists, and rightfully so. Despite recent improvements in detection and treatment, the overall survival of patients with esophageal cancer remains lower than most solid tumors, which highlights why further advances are so desperately needed. The aim of this article is to provide a complete review of the history of esophageal cancer treatment with the addition of chemotherapy, RT, and more recently, targeted agents to the surgical management of resectable disease.

关键词： Esophageal cancer Multimodality therapy Neoadjuvant therapy Chemotherapy Radiotherapy Targeted agents Disease management

Drug calculation ability of qualified paramedics:A pilot study

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2018年第1期9卷 41-45页

作者： malcolm J.Boyle Kathryn Eastwood School of Medicine Griffith University School of Nursing and Midwifery Monash University

BACKGROUND: The inability of paramedics to perform accurate calculations may result in a compromise of patient safety which may result from under or over dosing of drugs, incorrect joules for defibrillation, or a major adverse event such as death. The objective of this study was to identify the drug calculation and mathematical ability of qualified operational ***: The study used a cross-sectional design with a paper-based calculation questionnaire. Twenty paramedics enrolled in an intensive care paramedic course were eligible to participate in the study. The questionnaire consisted of demographic, drug calculation(seven questions), and mathematical(five) questions. Students were given no notice of the impending study and use of a calculator was not ***: All eligible students participated in the study. The average time employed as a paramedic was 7.25 years, SD 2.5 years, range four years to twelve years. Four(20%) students got all 12 questions correct, and five(41.6%) got 50% or less. The average score was 8.6(71.7%) correct, SD 2.8 correct, range 3 to 12 correct questions. There were eight(40%) conceptual errors, 12(60%) arithmetical errors, and five(25%) computational ***: The results from this study supports similar international studies where paramedic's ability to undertake mathematical and drug calculations without a calculator varies, with some results highlighting the paramedics mathematical skills as a potential risk to patient safety. These results highlight the need for regular continuing mathematical and drug calculation practice and education to ensure a lower error rate.

关键词： Emergency medical technician Education Medication errors Safety management

Nonlinear behavior of concrete beams with hybrid FRP and stainless steel reinforcements

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Journal of Central South University 2009年第3期16卷 495-502页

作者：方志龚畅杨剑 campbell T I School of Civil Engineering Hunan University School of Civil and Architectural Engineering Central South University Department of Civil Engineering Queen's University

The full-range behavior of partially bonded, together with partially prestressed concrete beams containing fiber reinforced polymer （FRP） tendons and stainless steel reinforcing bars was simulated using a simplified theoretical model. The model assumes that a section in the beam has a trilinear moment--curvature relationship characterized by three particular points, initial cracking of concrete, yielding of non-prestressed steel, and crushing of concrete or rupturing of prestressing tendons. Predictions from the model were compared with the limited available test data, and a reasonable agreement was obtained. A detailed parametric study of the behavior of the prestressed concrete beams with hybrid FRP and stainless steel reinforcements was conducted. It can be concluded that the deformability of the beam can be enhanced by increasing the ultimate compressive strain of concrete, unhonded length of tendon, percentage of compressive reinforcement and partial prestress ratio, and decreasing the effective prestress in tendons, and increasing in ultimate compressive strain of concrete is the most efficient one. The deformability of the beam is almost directly proportional to the concrete ultimate strain provided the failure mode is concrete crushing, even though the concrete ultimate strain has less influence on the load-carrying capacity.

关键词： beam fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) stainless steel prestress deformability reinforcement

The k-Nacci Sequences in Some Special Modular Groups

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Algebra Colloquium 2014年第1期21卷 59-66页

作者： Omur Deveci Colin M. campbell Department of Mathematics Faculty of Science and Letters Katlms University 36100 Kars Turkey School of Mathematics and Statistics -University of St Andrews North Haugb St Andrews Fife KY16 9SS Scotland

A k-nacci （k-step Fibonacci） sequence in a finite group is a sequence of group elements x0,x1,x2,...,xn,.., for which, given an initial （seed） set x0,x1,x2,...,xj-1, each element is defined by xn{x0x1…xn-1 forj≤n〈k xn-kxn-k＋1 …xn-1 for n≥kFrom the definition, it is clear that the period of the k-nacci sequence in a group depends on the chosen generating set and the order in which the assignments of x0, x1, x2,…~, xj-1 are made. In this paper we examine the periods of the k-nacci sequences in the groups m2, m2＋ and R2, where each term of the sequence is reduced modulo 2.

关键词： k-nacci sequence period modular group

Simulation of catalytic upgrading in CAPRI,an add-on process to novel in-situ combustion,THAI

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Petroleum Research 2022年第3期7卷 297-307页

作者： Muhammad Rabiu Ado malcolm Greaves Sean PRigby Department of Chemical Engineering College of EngineeringKing Faisal UniversityP.o.Box:380Al-Ahsa31982Saudi Arabia Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering University of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottinghamNG72RDUK Department of Chemical Engineering University of BathClaverton DownBathBA27AYUK

Based on the analysis of recent projections by the International Energy Agency(IEA),to meet the growing and subsequently declining demands of oil from now to 2040,we need up to around 770 billion barrels of *** the worldwide total proved reserves of easy-and-cheaper-to-produce conventional oils is roughly only 520.2 billion barrels,the remaining 249.8 billion barrels must be obtained from unconventional petroleum resources(*** oils and bitumen).These resources are however very difficult and costly to upgrade and produce due to their inherently high asphaltene contents which are reflected in their very high viscosities and large ***,still they should prove attractive development prospects if,as much as practicably possible,their upgrading can be performed in conjunction with in situ or downhole catalytic upgrading *** projects will contribute significantly towards smoother and greener transition to full *** technologies,such as the toe-to-heel air injection coupled to its add-on in situ catalytic process(***-CAPRI processes),have the potential to develop these reserves,but require further developmental understanding to realise their full *** this work,a new detailed procedure for numerically simulating the THAI-CAPRI processes is *** numerical model is made-up of Athabasca-type bitumen and it has a horizontal producer(HP)well that is surrounded by an annular layer of alumina-supported cobalt-oxide-molybdenum-oxide(CoMo/γ-Al2O3)*** simulation is performed using the computer modelling group(CMG)reservoir simulator,*** new work has shown that the choice of the frequency factor of the catalytic reactions allowed model validation based on the degree of catalytic upgrading in form of API ***,the work herein identifies the important parameters,such as API gravity,peak temperature,oil production rate,cumulative oil production,produced oxygen concentration,temperatur

关键词： Toe-to-heel air injection(THAI) Enhanced oil recovery(EOR) In situ combustion(ISC) Reservoir simulation Heavy oil/tar sand/bitumen In situ catalytic upgrading process(CAPRI)

Synthesis of Calcium Hexaluminate from Waste Slag of Aluminum and Oyster Shell

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Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry 2016年第1期35卷 157-165页

作者：庄国鑫何亚军 malcolm Clark 于岩 Key Laboratory of Eco-materials Advanced Technology(Fuzhou University) Fujian Province University College of Materials Science and Engineering Fuzhou UniversityNew Campus Marine Ecology Research Centre School of EnvironmentScience and EngineeringSouthern Cross University

Waste aluminum slag and oyster shell were used as raw materials to synthesize calcium hexaluminate（CA6）. The effects of different source materials of CaO and sintering temperature on the structures and properties of CA6 were investigated,respectively. The results show that compared to calcium oxide,oyster shell can lower the formation temperature of CA6,hence CA6 can be detected at 1300 ℃ by using oyster shell as the starting raw materials. Increasing the sintering temperature can promote the crystal growth. CA6 crystals show typical platelet shape,and its optimum sintering temperature falls in the 1450～1550 ℃ region. The bulk density is 1.54～1.83 g/cm^3,the apparent porosity is 44.1～55.2% and the flexural strength is 10.8～25.3 MPa.

关键词： waste aluminum slag calcium hexaluminate oyster shell powder

On the Nature of the P-Wave Velocity Gradient in the Inner Core beneath Central America

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Journal of Earth Science 2013年第5期24卷 699-705页

作者： Hrvoje Tkali Thomas Bodin Mallory Young malcolm Sambridge Research School of Earth Sciences the Australian National University Berkeley Seismological Laboratory University of California at Berkeley

We conduct an experiment to investigate whether linearity in the observed velocity gradient in the volume of the inner core sampled by the PKP ray paths beneath Central America is a robust approximation. Instead of solving an optimization problem, we approach it within the Bayesian inference. This is an ensemble approach, where model specification is relaxed so that in- stead of only one solution, groups of reasonable models are acceptable. Furthermore, in transdimen- sional Bayesian inference used here, the number of basis functions needed to model observations is by itself an unknown. Our modeling reveals that in the ensemble of models, the most likely are those containing only 2 nodes （linear trend）. Thus our result justifies the assumption used for the deter- mination of inner core rotation with respect to the rest of the mantle that the observed gradient is constant in its nature （linear）. Recent observations in seismology suggest that it is likely that the spa- tial variability in elastic parameters is a widespread phenomenon in the inner core. Future array observations will further constrain spatial extent and magnitude of velocity changes and show whether there is a significant difference between these observations in the two quasi-hemispheres of the inner core.

关键词： solid earth physics deep geophysics.