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Successful aspiration and ethanol sclerosis of a large,symptomatic, simple liver cyst:Case presentation and review of the literature

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第18期12卷 2949-2954页

作者： Wojciech C Blonski Mical S campbell Thomas Faust David C Metz Division of Gastroenterology University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUnited States and Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyWroclaw Medical UniversityPoland Division of Gastroenterology University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUnited States

Simple liver cysts are congenital with a prevalence of 2.5%-4.25%. Imaging, whether by US, CT or MRI, is accurate in distinguishing simple cysts from other etiologies, including parasitic, neoplastic, duct-related, and traumatic cysts. Symptomatic simple liver cysts are rare, and the true frequency of symptoms is not known. Symptomatic simple liver cysts are predominantly large （〉 4 cm）, right-sided, and more common in women and older patients. The vast majority of simple hepatic cysts require no treatment or follow-up, though large cysts （〉 4 cm） may be followed initially with serial imaging to ensure stability. Attribution of symptoms to a large simple cyst should be undertaken with caution, after alternative diagnoses have been excluded. Aspiration may be performed to test whether symptoms are due to the cyst; however, cyst recurrence should be expected. Limited experience with both laparoscopic deroofing and aspiration, followed by instillation of a sclerosing agent has demonstrated promising results for the treatment of symptomatic cysts. Here, we describe a patient with a large, symptomatic, simple liver cyst who experienced complete resolution of symptoms following cyst drainage and alcohol ablation, and we present a comprehensive review of the literature.

关键词： Simple hepatic cyst Alcohol sclerosis Laparoscopic deroofing

INVERSION OF THE BREMMER SERIES

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Journal of Computational Mathematics 2017年第5期35卷 586-599页

作者： Hala A.H. Shehadeh Alison E. malcolm John C. Schotland Department of Mathematics and Statistics James Madison University Harrisonburg VA 22801 Earth Sciences Department Memorial University of Newfoundland St John's Canada Department of Mathematics and Department of Physics University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA

We consider the inverse backscattering problem for scalar waves in one dimension. We analyze the convergence of the inverse Bremmer series in this context and study its use in numerical simulations.

关键词： Inverse scattering.

Flow-Field of an Axisymmetric Lobed Mixer

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Journal of Thermal Science 2004年第1期13卷 40-45页

作者： I.Yimer S.Manipurath I.campbell W.E.Carscallen Gas Turbine Environmental Research Centre Aerodynamics LabInstitute for Aerospace ResearchNational Research Council Canada1200 Montreal RoadOttawaOntarioCanadaK1A 0R6

The flow-field of a fuel/air mixing system with an axisymmetric lobed mixer was numerically investigated. Large-scale streamwise vortices are formed immediately downstream of the mixer trailing edge, stretched further downstream, and finally broken into fragments where more intense mixing occurs. Both numerical and experimental results indicate that the length required for streamwise vortices breakdown in the confined flow-field of an axisymmetric lobed mixer is much shorter than that in the case of planar lobed mixers subject to parallel freestreams. For the conditions studied, the streamwise vortices start to breakdown at three wavelengths downstream of the mixer trailing edge.

关键词： axisymmetric lobed mixer confined flow fuel/air mixing

Strengthening biological security after COVID-19:Using cartoons for engaging life science stakeholders with the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention(BTWC)

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Journal of Biosafety and Biosecurity 2022年第1期4卷 68-74页

作者： Tatyana Novossiolova Simon Whitby malcolm Dando Lijun Shang The Law Program of the Center for the Study of Democracy Bulgaria Division of Peace Studies University of Bradford BradfordUnited Kingdom School of Human Sciences London Metropolitan UniversityLondonUnited Kingdom Biological Security Research Centre London Metropolitan UniversityLondonUnited Kingdom

The devastating effects of the COVID-19 pandemic have acutely shown the need for maintaining robust international and national systems for biological security and ensuring that life sciences are used only for peaceful *** science stakeholders can play an important role in safeguarding scientific and technological advances in biology and related fields against accidental or deliberate misuse,not least because they are on the frontlines of driving *** this paper,we argue that enhancing awareness and understanding of the risk of deliberate disease is essential for effective biological *** first discuss the issue of‘dual use’in science and technology as it relates to disarmament and non-proliferation of weapons of mass ***,we review how scientist engagement with dual-use risks has been addressed in the context of the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention(BTWC).Third,we report on the development of an innovative awarenessraising tool,a cartoon series,that can be used for engaging life science stakeholders with BTWC ***,we outline a set of practical considerations for promoting sustainable life science engagement with the BTWC.

关键词： Cartoon Life sciences Biological security Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention Awareness Engagement

Evaluation of root traits and water use efficiency of different cotton genotypes in the presence or absence of a soil-hardpan

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The Crop Journal 2021年第4期9卷 945-953页

作者： Ricardo St Aime Grace Rhodes Michael Jones BTodd campbell Sruthi Narayanan Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences Clemson UniversityClemsonSC 29634USA Medical University of South Carolina SC 29425USA Pee Dee Research and Education Center Clemson UniversityFlorenceSC 29506USA USDA-ARS Coastal Plain SoilWater and Plant Conservation ResearchFlorenceSC 29501USA

Cotton(Gossypium spp.) is an important fiber and oil crop grown worldwide. Water and nutrient stresses are major issues affecting cotton production globally. Root traits are critical in improving water and nutrient uptake and maintaining plant productivity under optimal as well as drought ***, root traits have rarely been utilized in cotton breeding programs, a major reason being the lack of information regarding genetic variability for root traits. The objective of this research was to evaluate ten selected cotton genotypes for root traits and water use efficiency. The tested genotypes included germplasm lines(PD 1 and PD 695) and cultivars that are currently grown in the southeastern USA(PHY 499 WRF, PHY 444 WRF, PHY 430 W3 FE, DP 1646 B2 XF, DP 1538 B2 XF, DP 1851 B3 XF, NG5007 B2 XF, and ST 5020 GLT). Experiments were conducted under controlled environmental conditions in 2018 and 2019. A hardpan treatment was included in the second year to evaluate the effect of a soil hardpan on root traits and water use efficiency. Genotype PHY 499 WRF ranked at the top and NG5007 B2 XF ranked at the bottom for root morphological traits(total and fine root length, surface area,and volume) and root weight. PHY 499 WRF was also one of the best biomass producers and had high water use efficiency. PHY 444 WRF, PHY 430 W3 FE, and PD-1 were the other best genotypes in terms of root traits and water use efficiency. All genotypes had higher values for root traits and water use efficiency under hardpan conditions. This trend indicates a horizontal proliferation of root systems when they incur a stress imposed by a hardpan. The genotypic differences identified in this research for root traits and water use efficiency would be valuable for selecting genotypes for cotton breeding programs.

关键词： Cotton Root traits Water use efficiency Hardpan Genetic variability

Urban Soil Microbial Features and Their Environmental Significance as Exemplified by Aberdeen City, UK

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Chinese Journal Of Geochemistry 2001年第1期20卷 34-44页

作者：杨元根 PATERSON E campbell C.D Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guiyang 550002 China The Macaulay Land Use Research Institute Aberdeen Scotland UK AB15 8QH

Urban soil research has invoked great interest in recent years. Previous studies were mainly focused on urban soil physics and chemistry, and soil geography to constrain the source, distribution, transport and deposition of pollutants such as heavy metals and health\|hazardous organic matter, but little has been done on soil microbiology. In this paper, the authors reported the variation of microbial features in urban soils compared with those from adjacent rural areas. The results show great changes in basal respiration rates, microbial biomass and ecophysiological parameters have taken place in urban environment because of the anthropogenic stress, thus activating the microorganisms. As a result, much more energy carbon is consumed at a low utilization efficiency. So microbial biosensors can be used to indicate urban environmental pollution effectively.

关键词：微生物英国重金属污染土壤

South Asian dairy smallholders: A scoping review of practices and zoonoses

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2023年第10期16卷 446-452页

作者： Emily Schembri Angus J D campbell Juan Pablo Villanueva-Cabezas Melbourne School of Population and Global Health The University of MelbourneVictoriaAustralia The Nossal Institute for Global Health The University of MelbourneVictoriaAustralia The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity The University of Melbourne and the Royal Melbourne HospitalVictoriaAustralia

Objective: To identify and discuss on-farm management practices linked to bacterial zoonosis risk in smallholder dairy farmers in South Asia. Methods: This scoping review was conducted as per the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Five hundred and two publications were retrieved from five online databases using a comprehensive search strategy. Studies were selected if they discussed a farm management practice which impacted human health within a South Asian country. Results: Twenty-two studies were included. Seven management practices relevant to farmers, livestock and their shared environment were identified including raw milk consumption, farm hygiene management, personal protective equipment uses, animal vaccination, cleaning udders, hand washing and disposal of afterbirth materials. Preventive practices were found to be utilized at lower frequencies compared to risk increasing practices. Awareness of bacterial zoonoses is particularly low within the region. Conclusions: Based on the results of this review, it was determined that improving farmer awareness of bacterial zoonotic diseases may favor several of the presented leverage points within the South Asian smallholder dairy system. Relying on formal school education to improve this awareness may not solve this problem, instead, more focus on accessible and affordable zoonoses education and farming programs is required.

关键词： Management practices Zoonoses Dairy Smallholder system

Iron deprivation results in a rapid but not sustained increase of the expression of genes involved in iron metabolism and sulfate uptake in tomato(Solanum lycopersicum L.) seedlings

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2014年第1期56卷 88-100页

作者： Anna Rita Paolacci Silvia Celletti Giulio Catarcione malcolm J.Hawkesford Stefania Astolfi Mario Ciaffi DAFNE University of Tuscia via S.C.de Lellis 01100 Rothamsted Research West Common Harpenden

Characterization of the relationship between sulfur and iron in both Strategy I and Strategy II plants, has proven that low sulfur availability often limits plant capability to cope with iron shortage. Here it was investigated whether the adaptation to iron deficiency in tomato （Solanum lycopersicum L.） plants was associated with an increased root sulfate uptake and translocation capacity, and modified dynamics of total sulfur and thiols accumulation between roots and shoots. Most of the tomato sulfate transporter genes belonging to Groups 1, 2, and 4 were significantly upregulated in iron-deficient roots, as it commonly occurs under S-deficient conditions. The upregulation of the two high affinity sulfate transporter genes, SlST1.1 and SlST1.2, by iron deprivation clearly suggests an increased root capability to take up sulfate. Furthermore, the upregulation of the two low affinity sulfate transporter genes SlST2.1 and SlST4.1 in iron-deficient roots, accompanied by a substantial accumulation of total sulfur and thiols in shoots of＆amp;nbsp;iron-starved plants, likely supports an increased root-to-shoot translocation of sulfate. Results suggest that tomato plants exposed to iron-deficiency are able to change sulfur metabolic balance mimicking sulfur starvation responses to meet the increased demand for methionine and its derivatives, al owing them to cope with this stress.

关键词： Iron strategy I sulfate accumulation sulfate transporters tomato

Defect passivation on cast-mono crystalline screen-printed cells

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Frontiers in Energy 2017年第1期11卷 60-66页

作者： Alison WENHAM Lihui SONG malcolm ABBOTT Iskra ZAFIROVSKA Sisi WANG Brett HALLAM Catherine CHAN Allen BARNETT Stuart WENHAM School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia College of Materials & Environmental Engineering Hangzhou DianZiUniversity Hangzhou 310018 China

Cast-mono crystalline silicon wafers contain crystallographic defects, which can severely impact the electrical performance of solar cells. This paper demon- strates that applying hydrogenation processes at moderate temperatures to finished screen print cells can passivate dislocation clusters within the cast-mono crystalline silicon wafers far better than the hydrogenation received during standard commercial firing conditions. Efficiency enhancements of up to 2% absolute are demonstrated on wafers with high dislocation densities. The impact of illumination to manipulate the charge state of hydrogen during annealing is investigated and found to not be significant on the wafers used in this study. This finding is contrary to a previous study on similar wafers that concluded increased H or H0 from laser illumination was responsible for the further passivation of positively charged dangling bonds within the dislocation clusters.

关键词： silicon solar cell dislocation cast-mono,laser hydrogen passivation