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A revision of Clematis ***(Ranunculaceae)

Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2009年第6期47卷 552-580页

作者： ~(1,2)Wen-Jing YANG ~1Liang-Qian LI~* ~3Lei XIE 1(State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany,Institute of Botany,chinese academy of sciences,beijing 100093,china) 2(graduate university of chinese academy of sciences,beijing 100049,china) 3(Southwestern china Germplasm Bank of Wild Species,Kunming Institute of Botany chinese academy of sciences Kunming 650204,china) (State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China) (graduate university of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China) (Southwestern china Germplasm Bank of Wild Species Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650204 China)

Clematis *** is revised in this paper based on the examination of a large number of herbarium specimens,extensive field observations,and morphometric *** taxonomic history and geographical distribution of the section are given,the relationships among the species are discussed,and the evolutionary trends of some characters in the section are *** staminodes of the plants in this section may have evolved from the outer stamens with petaloid filaments and gradually disappearing ***,they may have evolved in two different *** possibility is that the staminodes elongate and become lanceolate,as long as sepals,and their apices turn into *** other is that the staminodes are spathulate,but not elongating,as long as stamens,and their apices turn into retuse from obtuse and *** evolutionary trend of sepals may be from thin to thick in texture,and the veins from non-prominent to *** a result,five new series are established and nine species, two subspecies and nine varieties(including three new ranks) are recognized in this *** identification key is provided,and each taxon is described and *** sibirica and Clematis ochotensis are treated as subspecies of Clematis alpina due to their subtle differences and lack of,or few,overlapping *** fusijamana and Clematisfauriei are recognized as varieties of *** *** for the continuous variation of the velutinous strips on the sepal *** iliensis is treated as variety of *** *** for the continuous variation of leaf division *** variations in sepal color and basal caruncle size support degrading Clematis chiisanensis as a variety of Clematis *** North American *** may be primitive,whereas *** may be the most advanced taxon in this *** and *** are closely related to each ***,the systematic position of se

关键词： Clematis sect.Atragene Ranunculaceae taxonomic revision

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Eclogites in the interior of the Tibetan Plateau and their geodynamic implications

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chinese Science Bulletin 2009年第15期54卷 2556-2567页

作者： ZHANG KaiJun1,2 & TANG XianChun2,3 1 Department of Earth sciences, Nanjing university, Nanjing 210093, china 2 Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, chinese academy of sciences, Guangzhou 510640, china 3 graduate university of chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100049, china Department of Earth sciences Nanjing University Nanjing China Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China graduate university of chinese academy of sciences Beijing China

Eclogites have been recently reported in the interior of the Tibetan Plateau, including in the central Qiangtang metamorphic belt, in the Basu metamorphic massif of the eastern Bangong-Nujiang suture zone, and at Songdo and Pengco in the eastern Lhasa terrane. Some typical ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphic phenomena, e.g., garnet exsolution from clinopyroxene, were documented in the Basu and Pengco eclogites. The UHP metamorphism in the interior of the Tibetan Plateau marked by these eclogites generally took place in the Early Mesozoic. Along with exhumation of these eclogites, (post-) collision-related magmatism extensively occurred around the central Qiangtang belt, the eastern Ban-gong-Nujiang suture zone, and the eastern Lhasa terrane. The occurrence of these Early Mesozoic ec-logites manifests an out-of-sequence evolution of the Tethys, and they could be a product of diachro-nous collision between the eastern Qiangtang terrane and the irregular continental margin of the united western Qiangtang-Lhasa plate, along the linked eastern Bangong-Nujiang-central Qiangtang zone. The collision-related magmatic rocks could have been originated from lithospheric thickening, melting, or detachment due to the collision. The presence of UHP metamorphic rocks in central Qiangtang and Basu implies likely continental deep-subduction, and the denudation of these two metamorphic zones could have served as the source of the Triassic turbidites in the Songpan-Garzê complex and the Ju-rassic turbidites in the western Bangong-Nujiang zone, respectively. However, studies of the eclogites in the interior of the Tibetan Plateau just began, and many principal aspects still remain to be explored, such as their distributions, typical lithologies and minerals, temperature-pressure conditions, timing of formation and exhumation, protoliths and tectonic setting, and relationship with the evolution of the Tethys and large-scale basins in Tibet.

关键词：地球动力学意义青藏高原榴辉岩

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Improving the accuracy of image-based forest fire recognition and spatial positioning

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Science china(Technological sciences) 2010年第S1期53卷 184-190页

作者： JIANG LiLi 1,QI QingWen 1,ZHANG An 1,GUO ChaoHui 2 & CHENG Xi 1,3 1 Institute of Geographical sciences and Natural Resources Research,chinese academy of sciences,beijing 100101,china 2 china Center for Resources Satellite Data and Applications,beijing 100094,china 3graduate university of chinese academy of sciences,beijing 100049,china Institute of Geographical sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China china Center for Resources Satellite Data and Applications Beijing China graduate university of chinese academy of sciences Beijing China

Forest fires are frequent natural *** is necessary to explore advanced means to monitor,recognize and locate forest fires so as to establish a scientific system for the early detection,real-time positioning and quick fighting of forest *** paper mainly expounds methods and algorithms for improving accuracy and removing uncertainty in image-based forest fire recognition and spatial ***,we discuss a method of forest fire recognition in visible-light *** are four aspects to improve accuracy and remove uncertainty in fire recognition:(1)eliminating factors of interference such as road and sky with high brightness,red leaves,other colored objects and objects that are lit up at night,(2)excluding imaging for specific periods and azimuth angles for which interference phenomena repeatedly occur,(3)improving the thresholding method for determining the flame border in image processing by adjusting the threshold to the season,weather and region,and (4)integrating the visible-light image method with infrared image ***,we examine infrared-image-based methods and approaches of improving the accuracy of forest fire recognition by combining the spectrum threshold with an object feature value such as the normalized difference vegetation index and excluding factors of disturbance such as interference signals,extreme weather and high-temperature ***,a method of visible analysis to enhance the accuracy of forest fire positioning is examined and realized;the method includes decreasing the visual angle,selecting central points,selecting the largest spots,and judging the selection of fire spots according to the central *** studies are examined and the results are found to be satisfactory.

关键词： forest fire monitoring spatial positioning accuracy improvement

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Interannual variability of Antarctic Oscillation and its influence on East Asian climate during boreal winter and spring

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Science china Earth sciences 2006年第5期49卷 554-560页

作者： FAN Ke1,2,3 & WANG Huijun2 1. Nansen-Zhu International Research Center, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100029, china 2. Department of Atmospheric Science, Yunnan university, Kunming 650091, china 3. graduate university of the chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100049, china Nansen-Zhu International Research Center Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Department of Atmospheric Science Yunnan University Kunming China graduate university of the chinese academy of sciences Beijing China

The interannual variability of Antarctic Oscillation (AAO) and its influence on East Asian climate during both boreal winter and spring are addressed. The results show that the positive AAO anomaly decreases the cold activity over East Asia during both boreal winter and spring. AAO-related barotropic meridional teleconnection from Antarctic to Arctic is found through analysis of mean me- ridional circulations. This meridional teleconnection is remarkable over Eurasia during boreal winter and over the Pacific Ocean during boreal spring. The results also show that zonal mean zonal wind at high latitudes in Southern Hemisphere has well positive correlation with that of Eurasia during boreal winter and has negative correlation with Pacific North American teleconnection (PNA) during boreal spring, which again display the meridional teleconnection. Thus, local meridional teleconnection is a possible linkage for interaction of circulations at mid-high latitudes between both hemispheres.

关键词： Antarctic Oscillation, Eurasian west wind, meridional teleconnection, mean meridional circulation.

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Estimating possible impact of human activity on the warm season temperature in beijing since the industrial era

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chinese Science Bulletin 2010年第16期55卷 1590-1593页

作者： QIN Li1,2 & ZHOU Xin1,2 1 Institute of Geology and Geophysics,chinese academy of sciences,beijing 100029,china 2 graduate university of chinese academy of sciences,beijing 100049,china Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China graduate university of chinese academy of sciences Beijing China

Global surface temperature shows an increasing trend over the past 100 *** and natural factors have been invoked to explain this warming, but their relative contribution and the spatial variability remain *** on a 2650-year temperature record from a stalagmite near beijing, we explore the possible impacts of human activity on the warm season temperature in beijing since the industrial era using the method of singular spectrum analysis (SSA).The results suggest that the warm season temperature in beijing under the natural forcing should have an overall decreasing trend for the past 130 years (1870 to 2000 AD) with an amplitude of 0.45±0.84°C, while the instrumental record and stalagmite data show an increase of 1.08°*** imply that human activity would have caused an increase in the warm season temperature of beijing for about 1.53±0.84°C compared to its natural trends, from 1870 AD to 2000 *** results also suggest that anthropogenic forcing began to significantly influence the temperature since 1870 AD, and the effect further intensified since 1915 AD.

关键词：人类活动北京温度工业时代季节温暖估计地表气温

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Anatomy and ontogeny of unisexual flowers in dioecious Woonyoungia septentrionalis (Dandy) Law (Magnoliaceae)

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2009年第4期47卷 263-272页

作者： ~(1,2)Lin FU ~1Qing-Wen ZENG ~1Jing-Ping LIAO ~1Feng-Xia XU~* 1(South china Botanical Garden,chinese academy of sciences,Guangzhou 510650,china) 2(graduate university of chinese academy of sciences,beijing 100049,china) (South china Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510650 China) (graduate university of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China)

Woonyoungia septentrionalis(Dandy)Law is a dioecious species with unisexual flowers in Magnoliaceae. The floral morphology and structure of the species are conspicuously different from other species and are important to the study of floral phylogeny in this *** floral anatomy and ontogeny were investigated to evaluate the systematic position of ***,using scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. All of the floral organs are initiated acropetally and *** carpels are of conduplicated type without the differentiation of stigma and *** degenerated stamens in the female flowers have the same structures as the normal stamens at the earlier developmental stages,but they do not undergo successive development and eventually *** male floral apex was observed to have the remnants of carpels in a few investigated *** the bisexual flower features could be traced both in the male and female flowers in ***,it suggests that the flower sex in Magnoliaceae tends toward *** well as the unisexual flowers,the reduced tepals and carpels and concrescence of carpels conform to the specialized tendency in Magnoliaceae,which confirms the derived position of *** in this *** the initiation pattern of floral parts of *** is very similar to other species in this family,it needs further investigation and especially comparison with species in Kmeria to evaluate the separation of Woonyoungia.

关键词： floral anatomy Magnoliaceae ontogeny Woonyoungia septentrionalis(Dandy)Law.

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Features and distribution patterns of chinese endemic seed plant species

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2011年第2期49卷 81-94页

作者： 1,2,3 Ji-Hong HUANG 1,4 Jian-Hua CHEN 5 Jun-Sheng YING 1 Ke-Ping MA 1 (State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100093, china) 2 (graduate university of chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100049, china) 3 (Center for Documentation and Information, Institute of Botany, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100093, china) 4 (Zhejiang Normal university, Jinhua 321004, china) 5 (Research Center of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100093, china) (State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China) (graduate university of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China) (Center for Documentation and Information Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China) (Zhejiang Normal university Jinhua 321004 China) (Research Center of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China)

We compiled and identified a list of chinese endemic seed plant species based on a large number of published references and expert reviews. The characters of these seed plant species and their distribution patterns were described at length. china is rich in endemic seed plants, with a total of 14 939 species (accounting for 52.1% of its total seed plant species) belonging to 1584 genera and 191 families. Temperate families and genera have a significantly higher proportion of endemism than cosmopolitan and tropical ones. The most primitive and derived groups have significantly higher endemism than the other groups. The endemism of tree, shrub, and liana or vine is higher than that of total species; in contrast, the endemism of herb is lower than that of total species. Geographically, these chinese endemic plants are mainly distributed in Yunnan and Sichuan provinces, southwest china. Species richness and proportion of these endemic plants decrease with increased latitude and have a unimodal response to altitude. The peak value of proportion of endemism is at higher altitudes than that of total species and endemic species richness. The proportions of endemic shrub, liana or vine, and herb increase with altitude and have a clear unimodal curve. In contrast, the proportion of tree increases with altitude, with a sudden increase at ～4000 m and has a completely different model. To date, our study provides the most comprehensive list of chinese endemic seed plant species and their basic composition and distribution features.

关键词： biodiversity conservation distribution pattern endemism flora of china seed plants.

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CBCR:CBC MAC with rotating transformations

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Science china(Information sciences) 2011年第11期54卷 2247-2255页

作者： ZHANG LiTing 1,2,WU WenLing 1,ZHANG Lei 1 & WANG Peng 21 State Key Laboratory of Information Security,Institute of Software,chinese academy of sciences,beijing 100190,china 2 graduate university of chinese academy of sciences,beijing 100049,china State Key Laboratory of Information Security Institute of Software Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China graduate university of chinese academy of sciences Beijing China

Message authentication codes (MACs) are widely used to protect data integrity and data origin authentication in *** this paper,we propose a new block-cipher-based MAC algorithm,CBCR,with provable security for arbitrary-length *** adopts rotating operations in the end of cipherblock-chaining structure,and it appends fixed-length prefixes to all messages,which implies flexible usages in *** example,these fixed-length prefixes can be filled with some security parameters,message redundancies,*** also propose CBCR0,a special case of CBCR that sets its prefix to be an all-zero *** with CMAC,a recommended standard by the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST),CBCR0 enjoys all the advantages that CMAC has,but requires less memory;so,in practical applications,CBCR0 behaves as well as CMAC does,and it is even more suitable for environments with limited memory resources,*** cards.

关键词： message authentication code cipher block chaining block cipher provable security

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Growth characteristics and response to climate change of Larix Miller tree-ring in china

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Science china Earth sciences 2010年第6期53卷 871-879页

作者： SUN Yu1,4, WANG LiLi1,2,3, CHEN Jin5, DUAN JianPing1,4, SHAO XueMei1,2 & CHEN KeLong6 1 Institute of Geographic sciences and Natural Resources Research, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100101, china 2 Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100085, china 3 Institute of Desert and Meteorology, china Meteorological Administration, Urumqi 830002, china 4 graduate university of chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100049, china 5 Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100044, china 6 School of Life and Geography sciences, Qinghai Normal university, Xining 810008, china Institute of Geographic sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China graduate university of chinese academy of sciences Beijing China Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Institute of Desert and Meteorology China Meteorological Administration Urumqi China Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China School of Life and Geography sciences Qinghai Normal University Xining China

As one of the earliest species used in dendrochronological studies, Larix responds sensitively to climate change. In this study, nine larch species and one variety from eleven sites were collected to study the growth characteristics of tree-ring width using dendrochronological methods. Ten residual tree-ring chronologies were developed to analyze their relationships with regional standardized anomaly series by Pearson’s correlation analysis. The results suggest that most of the chronologies had significantly positive correlations with the mean temperature and mean maximum temperature in May. The spring temperature evidently limited the radial growth of the larch species without precipitation control. The largest mean tree-ring width was found in Himalayan Larch in Jilong, whereas Master Larch in Si’er reflected the smallest mean value. Both species presented little climate information in this study. chinese, Potanin, and Tibetan larches are significantly correlated with climate change, implying a huge potential for climate history reconstruction. The elevation of the sampling sites appears to be an important condition for tree-ring growth of larches responding to climate factors.

关键词： Larix Miller tree-ring climate change mean temperature in May

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Cytotoxicity of carbon nanotubes

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Science china Chemistry 2008年第11期51卷 1021-1029页

作者： ZHU Ying1,2 & LI WenXin1 1 Laboratory of Nano-biology and Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, chinese academy of sciences, Shanghai 201800, china 2 graduate School of chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100049, china Laboratory of Nano-biology and Medicine Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China graduate School of chinese academy of sciences Beijing China

With large-scale production and application at large scale, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) may cause ad-verse response to the environment and human health. Thus, study on bio-effects and safety of CNTs has attracted great attention from scientists and governments worldwide. This report briefly summa-rizes the main results from the in vitro toxicity study of CNTs. The emphasis is placed on the descrip-tion of a variety of factors affecting CNTs cytotoxicity, including species of CNTs, impurities contained, lengths of CNTs, aspect ratios, chemical modification, and assaying methods of cytotoxicity. However, experimental information obtained thus far on CNTs' cytotoxicity is lacking in comparability, and some-times there is controversy about it. In order to assess more accurately the potential risks of CNTs to human health, we suggest that care should be taken for issues such as chemical modification and quantitative characterization of CNTs in cytotoxicity assessment. More importantly, studies on physical and chemical mechanisms of CNTs' cytotoxicity should be strengthened; assaying methods and evaluating criteria characterized by nanotoxicology should be gradually established.

关键词： carbon nanotubes (CNTs) cell bio-security

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