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VAPOR　PHASE　CARBONYLATION　OF　ETHANOL　OVER　Ni－Pb／C　CATALYST　AT　atmospheric　PRESSURE

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Chinese Journal of Catalysis 1995年第6期 429-430页

作者： Wang,Da-wei Feng,Jing-xian and Huang,Zhong-tao(department of Chemical Engineering,South china university of Technology,Guangzhou 510641)

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关键词： ethanol propionic acid ethyl propionate vapor phase carbonylation Ni-Ph/C catalyst

Glacial-Interglacial atmospheric CO_2 Change——The Glacial Burial Hypothesis

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Advances in atmospheric sciences 2003年第5期20卷 677-693页

作者： Ning ZENG department of Meteorology and Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, university of Maryland, USA department of Meteorology and Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center University of Maryland USA

Organic carbon buried under the great ice sheets of the Northern Hemisphere is suggested to be the missing link in the atmospheric CO2 change over the glacial-interglacial cycles. At glaciation, the advancement of continental ice sheets buries vegetation and soil carbon accumulated during warmer periods. At deglaciation, this burial carbon is released back into the atmosphere. In a simulation over two glacial-interglacial cycles using a synchronously coupled atmosphere-land-ocean carbon model forced by reconstructed climate change, it is found that there is a 547-Gt terrestrial carbon release from glacial maximum to interglacial, resulting in a 60-Gt (about 30-ppmv) increase in the atmospheric CO2, with the remainder absorbed by the ocean in a scenario in which ocean acts as a passive buffer. This is in contrast to previous estimates of a land uptake at deglaciation. This carbon source originates from glacial burial, continental shelf, and other land areas in response to changes in ice cover, sea level, and climate. The input of light isotope enriched terrestrial carbon causes atmospheric δ13C to drop by about 0.3‰ at deglaciation, followed by a rapid rise towards a high interglacial value in response to oceanic warming and regrowth on land. Together with other ocean based mechanisms such as change in ocean temperature, the glacial burial hypothesis may offer a full explanation of the observed 80–100-ppmv atmospheric CO2 change.

关键词： atmospheric CO2 ice age glacial burial hypothesis climate

全球海洋环流模式中上层海洋对表面强迫的响应和调整 I. 年际变率

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海洋学报 2004年第2期26卷 20-36页

作者：容新尧杨修群南京大学灾害性天气气候研究所

利用一个较高分辨率的全球海洋环流模式在COADS1945～1993年逐月平均资料的强迫下对海温和环流场进行了模拟试验,研究了全球热带海洋(主要是热带太平洋)海温和环流场的年际变化特征及模式ENSO冷暖事件演变的控制机理.结果表明,模式成功... 详细信息

利用一个较高分辨率的全球海洋环流模式在COADS1945～1993年逐月平均资料的强迫下对海温和环流场进行了模拟试验,研究了全球热带海洋(主要是热带太平洋)海温和环流场的年际变化特征及模式ENSO冷暖事件演变的控制机理.结果表明,模式成功地再现了和观测一致的海温和环流的年际变化以及ENSO演变特征.其中热带印度洋年际SST变率的主要模态表现为与ENSO相联系的海盆尺度的一致性增暖或变冷现象,次级模态为热带印度洋偶极子模态;热带大西洋的SST年际变率表现为类ENSO的年际振荡现象.在热带太平洋,SST年际变化主要表现为ENSO型,环流的年际变率表现为与ENSO相对应的热带海洋质量循环圈的年际异常.对应于暖(冷)事件,前期赤道海洋垂直环流圈显示出减弱(增强)的特征.其中南赤道流异常的位相较Nino3区海温总体要超前5个月左右的时间;赤道上翻流异常的位相在表层要超前4个月,并随时间由上至下扩展;赤道潜流的异常则显示出东传特征,其中最早的较为显著的异常发生ENSO成熟前3个月180°附近.在模式ENSO冷暖事件的演变过程中,次表层海温异常沿赤道的东传起了关键作用,模式的ENSO模态主要表现为"时滞振子"模态.

关键词：海洋环流海温环流场年际变率偶极子模态

Effects of sulfur dioxide on growth， gas exchange rate and leaf sulfur content of massion pine seedlings

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Journal of Environmental sciences 1994年第3期6卷 268-276页

作者： Yang Liang United Graduate School,Tokyo university of Agriculture and Technology,Fuchu,Tokyo 183,Japan Takeshi Izuta Tsumugu Totsuka (department of Environmental sciences and Resources,Faculty of Agriculture,Tokyo Universtiy of Agriculture and Technology,

The effects of sulfur dioxide(SO_2) on the dry weight growth gas exchange rate and leaf sulfur content of massion pine(Pinus massoniana Lamb. )were investigated. The results obtained in this study show that the dry weight growth and net photosynthetic rate of masson pine seedlings are reduced by exposure to SO_2 at ≥100 ppb. From these results,one of the main causes in the dieback of masson pine forest reported in Chongqing,china may be relatively high concentrations of atmospheric SO_2 in the relevant area.

关键词： sulfur dioxide(SO_2),Pinus massoniana Lamb. dry weight growth gas exchange rate leaf sulfur content.

Geochemical and Geophysical Data Processing Aided by“Multifractal-Spectrum”Filters for GIS-Based Mineral Exploration

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Journal of Earth Science 2000年第2期19卷 36-38页

作者： Xu Yaguang Cheng Qiuming department of Earth and atmospheric Science, York university, North York, Ontario, M3j 1P3 Canada

A recently developed method, on the bases of “multifractal spectrum” filters for mineral exploration, is introduced in this paper. The “multifractal spectrum” filters, a group of irregularly shaped filters that are constructed on each processed datum, can be used to separate various types of geochemical and geophysical anomalies. The basic model, with an emphasis on the GIS based implementation and the application to the geochemical and geophysical data processing for mineral exploration in southern Nova Scotia, Canada, indicates its advantage in the separation of multiple anomalies from the background.

关键词： multifractal spectrum GIS based mineral exploration geochemical and geophysical anomalies.

Effects of Topographic Slopes on Hydrological Proecsses and Climate

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Advances in atmospheric sciences 2001年第5期18卷 733-741页

作者： Jinliang Liu Climate Processes and Earth Observation Division, Meteorological Service of Canada, 4905 Dufferin Street, Downsview, Ontario M3H 5T4, Canada Han-Ru Cho department of atmospheric Science, National Central university, Chungli 320, Taiwan Climate Processes and Earth Observation Division Meteorological Service of Canada Downsview Canada National Central university Chungli Taiwan

Based on previous research results on river re-distribution models, a modification on the effects of topographic slopes for a runoff parameterization was proposed and implemented to the NCAR's land sur- face model (LSM). This modification has two aspects firstly, the topographic slopes cause outflows from higher topography and inflows into the lower topography points; secondly, topographic slopes also cause decrease of infiltration at higher topography and increases of infiltration at lower topography. Then changes in infiltration result in changes in soil molsture, surface fluxes and then in surface temperature, and eventual- ly in the upper atmosphere and the climate. This mechanism is very clearly demonstrated in the point bud- gets analysis at the Andes Mountains vicinities. Analysis from a regional scale perspective in the Mackenzie GEWEX Study (MAGS) area, the focus of the ongoing Canadian GEWEX program, shows that the modi- fied runoff parameterization does bring significant changes in the regional surface climate More important- ly, detailed analysis from a global perspective shows many encouraging improvements introduced by the modified LSM over the original model in simulating basic atmospheric climate properties such as thermodynamic features (temperature and humidity). All of these improvements in the atmospheric climate simulation illustrate that the inclusion of topographic effects in the LSM can force the AGCM to produce a more realistic model climate.

关键词： Hydrological processes Runoff,Parameterization Topographic slope Climate model Land surface model

Monsoonal Influence on Typhoon Morakot （2009）. Part Ⅱ: Numerical Study

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Monsoonal Influence on Typhoon Morakot （2009）. Part Ⅱ: Nu...

非定常过程对大气边界层的内参数和风廓线的影响

第28届中国气象学会年会

作者： Jia Liang * Liguang Wu Xuyang Ge # and Chun-Chieh Wu @Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster of Ministry of Education china Nanjing university of Information Science and Technology Nanjing china # International Pacific Research Center SOEST university of Hawaii USA @ department of atmospheric sciences National Taiwan university Taipei Taiwan

As the second part of this study,numerical experiments are conducted to investigate the influences of multi-time scale monsoonal flows on the track change of Typhoon Morakot（2009）.While the control simulation captures the slowing and northward deflections in the vicinity of the Taiwan Island,the highly asymmetric rainfall structure,and the associated rainfall pattern,sensitivity experiments suggest that the westward movement prior to the landfall on Taiwan and the subsequent northward shifts in the vicinity of Taiwan were closely associated with the interaction between Morakot and multi-time scale monsoonal *** to the landfall on Taiwan,Morakot moved westward directly towards Taiwan due to a synoptic wavetrain-like pattern,which consisted of Goni over china’s mainland,Morakot,and a cyclone over the western North Pacific with an anticyclone to the west of *** simulation suggests that strong northerly winds between Morakot and the anticyclone reduced the northward steering component associated with the low-frequency flow prior to the *** experiments confirm that the northward track shifts that occurred in the vicinity of the Taiwan Island were a result of the coalescences of Morakot with a Quasi-Biweekly Oscillation（QBW）-scale gyre prior to the landfall on Taiwan and a Madden-Julia Oscillation（MJO）-scale gyre in the Taiwan *** simulation of Morakot and the associated sensitivity experiments agree with the previous barotropic study that the interaction between tropical cyclones and low-frequency monsoon gyres can cause sudden changes in tropical cyclone tracks.

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气象学报 1987年第4期 385-393页

作者：赵鸣南京大学大气科学系

设大气中性、正压,用边界层运动方程的分析解,研究了当大气边界层顶风向随时间作周期变化而风速不变时,对大气边界层的内参数u_*/A(A为边界层顶风速)和角φ(地面风与边界层顶的风的夹角)的影响。当风向逆时针转动时,u_*/A增加,φ减少,... 详细信息

设大气中性、正压,用边界层运动方程的分析解,研究了当大气边界层顶风向随时间作周期变化而风速不变时,对大气边界层的内参数u_*/A(A为边界层顶风速)和角φ(地面风与边界层顶的风的夹角)的影响。当风向逆时针转动时,u_*/A增加,φ减少,反之亦然。方程的数值解亦得类似结果。因而在定常条件下,得出的大尺度模式中边界层参数化的结果应考虑非定常过程的订正。还分析了非定常过程对边界层风廓线的影响。

关键词：内参数大气边界层摩擦层对流层风廓线非定常周期变化上界顺时针

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中国对流层大气辐射平衡

气象学报 1987年第3期 304-312页

作者：陈星南京大学大气科学系

本文根据辐射传输理论和某些物理近似,提出一个计算对流层大气辐射平衡的半经验半理论的气候学方法。使用十年平均气候资料,计算了我国对流层大气的辐射平衡及其有关分量,给出了这些量的分布特征,并简要讨论了影响我国对流层大气辐射平... 详细信息

本文根据辐射传输理论和某些物理近似,提出一个计算对流层大气辐射平衡的半经验半理论的气候学方法。使用十年平均气候资料,计算了我国对流层大气的辐射平衡及其有关分量,给出了这些量的分布特征,并简要讨论了影响我国对流层大气辐射平衡的主要因子。

关键词：大气辐射平衡主要因子对流层大气对流层顶对流层上限低层大气射出辐射长波辐射电磁辐射中华人民共和国