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Ultrastructure of compatible and incompatible interactions in phloem sieve elements during the stylet penetration by cotton aphids in melon

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Insect Science 2018年第4期25卷 631-642页

作者： Elisa Garzo Mercedes Fernandez-Pascual Cesar Morcillo Alberto Fereres M. Luisa G6mez-Guillamon W. Fred Tjallingii Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (ICA-CSIC) Madrid Spain Laboratory of Entomology Wageningen University Wageningen the Netherlands Instituto de Hortofruficultura Subtropical y Mediterranea 'La Mayora' Universidad de Malaga-CSIC (IHSM-UMA-CSIC) Algarrobo-Costa Malaga Spain

Resistance of the melon line TGR-1551 to the aphid Aphis gossypii is based on preventing aphids from ingesting phloem sap. In electrical penetration graphs （EPGs）, this resistance has been characterized with A. gossypii showing unusually long phloem salivation periods （waveform El） mostly followed by pathway activities （waveform C） or if followed by phloem ingestion （waveform E2）, ingestion was not sustained for more than 10 min. Stylectomy with aphids on susceptible and resistant plants was performed during EPG recording while the stylet tips were phloem inserted. This was followed by dissection of the penetrated leaf section, plant tissue fixation, resin embedding, and ultrathin sectioning for transmission electron microscopic observation in order to study the resistance mechanism in the TGR. The most obvious aspect appeared to be the coagulation of phloem proteins inside the stylet canals and the punctured sieve elements. Stylets of 5 aphids per genotype were amputated during sieve element （SE） salivation （El） and SE ingestion （E2）. Cross-sections of stylet bundles in susceptible melon plants showed that the contents of the stylet canals were totally clear and also, no coagulated phloem proteins occurred in their punctured sieve elements. In contrast, electron-dense coagulations were found in both locations in the resistant plants. Due to calcium binding, aphid saliva has been hypothesized to play an essential role in preventing/suppressing such coagulations that cause occlusion of sieves plate and in the food canal of the aphid＇s stylets. Doubts about this role of E 1 salivation are discussed on the basis of our results.

关键词： Aphis gossypii Glover Cucumis melo L. feeding behavior insect-plant resistance phloem defense response watery saliva

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Development of High Strength Steel Designed for Carbonitriding with High Nitrogen Content to Be Used for Automatic Transmission Gears

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材料热处理学报 2004年第5期25卷 382-385页

作者： Youichi Watanabe Nissan Motor Co. Ltd. 6-1 Dalkoku-cho Tsurumi-ku Yokohama Japan

To downsize and lighten automatic transmission components, the gears installed must be strengthened in terms of pitting endurance and/or wear resistance. The most important metallurgical factor affecting fractures is well known to be resistance to softening when steel is tempered at approximately 573 K. Carbonitriding with a high amount of nitrogen is a very effective production technique because nitrogen increases the resistance during tempering. However, structural anomalies begin to appear in the surface layer when the nitrogen content exceeds 0.6 mass% in the chromium steel generally used. To address this, we have developed new high-strength chromium steel with an optimized chemical composition that effectively inhibits anomalies even when Carbonitriding with a nitrogen content of more than 0.6 mass%. We performed a drivetrain durability test on an automatic transmission component designed to have excellent contact fatigue strength and a tooth root bending impact and fatigue strength. We found that the developed steel that was carbonitrided with a content of about 0.9 mass%, and then shot peened hard, has a pitting life of roughly 4.5 times that of conventionally manufactured steel.

关键词：碳氮共渗传动齿轮喷丸硬化接触疲劳高强度钢

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A critical analysis of the reported association between vasectomy and frontotemporal dementia

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2012年第6期14卷 903-904页

作者： Tobias S K6hler Jeremy T Choy Anees A Fazili Joel F Koenig Robert E Brannigan Division of Urology Southern Illinois University School of Medicine Springfield IL 62794 USA Department of Urology Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago IL 60611 USA Department of Urology University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester NY 14642 USA

Dear Editor, Researchers reported an association between vasectomy and pri- mary progressive aphasia （PPA—a rare variety of frontotemporal dementia） in a 2006 manuscript in Cognitive Behavioral Neurology detailing ...

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Male age and strain affect ejaculate quality in the Mexican fruit fly

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Insect Science 2018年第4期25卷 703-711页

作者： Mariana Herrera-Cruz Solana Abraham Nicolas NuSez-Beverido Norma Flores-Estevez Martha Reyes-Hernandez Mayvi Alvarado Diana P6rez-Staples Catedra CONACYT- Facultad de Medicina y Cirugia Universidad Autonoma 'Benito Juarez' de Oaxaca Oaxaca Mexico Laboratorio de Investigaciones Ecoetologicas de Moscas de la Fruta y sus Enemigos Naturales (LIEMEN) PROIMI Tucuman Argentina CONICET Argentina INBIO TECA Universidad Veracruzana Xalapa Veracruz Mexico Instituto de Neuroetologia Universidad Veracruzana Xalapa Veracruz Mexico

Aging in all organisms is inevitable. Male age can have profound effects on mating success and female reproduction, yet relatively little is known on the effects of male age on different components of the ejaculate. Furthermore, in mass-reared insects used for the Sterile Insect Technique, there are often behavioral differences between mass-reared and wild males, while differences in the ejaculate have been less studied. The ejaculate in insects is composed mainly of sperm and accessory gland proteins. Here, we studied how male age and strain affected （i） protein quantity of testes and accessory glands, （ii） the biological activity of accessory gland products injected into females, （iii） sperm viability, and （iv） sperm quantity stored by females in wild and mass-reared Anastrepha ludens （Diptera： Tephritidae）. We found lower protein content in testes of old wild males and lower sperm viability in females mated with old wild males. Females stored more sperm when mated to young wild males than with young mass-reared males. Accessory gland injections of old or young males did not inhibit female remating. Knowledge of how male age affects different ejaculate components will aid our understanding on investment of the ejaculate and possible postcopulatory consequences on female behavior.

关键词： accessory glands age Anastrepha ludens mass-rearing sperm Tephritidae

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Thales of Miletus, Archimedes and the Solar Eclipses on the Antikythera Mechanism

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Journal of Earth Science and Engineering 2014年第12期4卷 757-769页

作者： G6ran Henriksson Department of Physics and Astronomy Uppsala University Uppsala SE 751 20 Sweden

Thales of Miletus （640？-546 BC） is famous for his prediction of the total solar eclipse in 585 BC. In this paper, the author demonstrate how Thales may have used the same principle for prediction of solar eclipses as that used on the Antikythera Mechanism. At the SEAC conference in Alexandria in 2009, the author presented the paper ＂Ten solar eclipses show that the Antikythera Mechanism was constructed for use on Sicily.＂ The best defined series of exeligmos cycles started in 243 BC during the lifetime of Archimedes （287-212 BC） from Syracuse. The inscriptions on the Antikythera Mechanism were made in 100-150 BC and the last useful exeligmos started in 134 BC. The theory for the motion of the moon was from Hipparchus （ca 190-125 BC）. A more complete investigation of the solar eclipses on the Antikythera Mechanism reveals that the first month in the first saros cycle started with the first new moon after the winter solstice in 542 BC. Four solar eclipses 537-528 BC, from the first saros cycle, and three one exeligmos cycle later, 487-478 BC, are preserved and may have been recorded in Croton by Pythagoras （ca 575-495 BC） and his school.

关键词： Solar eclipse exeligmos cycle saros cycle seasonal hour equinoctial hour.

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法律语言艺术 1

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1989年

作者： 6潘庆云

来源：汇雅图书（南通市图书馆... 评论

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Integrated environmental assessment: an urban perspective

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 1999年第3期11卷 264-271页

作者： John Murlis Jackson Environment Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6HA, UK University College London 英国

A broadening of the strategic approach to environmental issues coupled with changes in the mechanisms of environmental governance and management has generated demands for new kinds of environmental knowledge and for new ways of using it. In particular there is now a strong demand for information about the environment to be linked to information about the impacts of human activities so that the unsustainable aspects of economic development can be anticipated and controlled. The scope of environmental assessment has enlarged to provide information that will help a wide range of stakeholders, including business and publics to make decisions, choosing between alternatives on the basis of sound environmental information set in a social and economic context. This paper provides a discussion of these developments and illustrates how integrated environmental assessment of a specific urban environmental problem, the reduction of health impacts of air borne particles, can deliver broad strategic information for participants in the solution.

关键词： integrated environmental assessment urban perspective London.

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A Quadratic Programming Model for Blast Scheduling

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 1999年第3期13卷 165-167页

作者： Chunyan Meng Samuel Frimpong Mingjian Zuo(Ph. D. Student (correspondent). 606-Chemical-Mineral Building. Dept of Civil and Environmental Engineering. University of Alberta. T6G 2G6.Edmonton, AB. Canada)(Associate protessor, School of Mining and Petrole Univ Alberta Dept Civil & Environm Engn Edmonton AB T6G 2G6 Canada Univ Alberta Sch Min & Petr Engn Edmonton AB T6G 2M7 Canada Univ Alberta Dept Mech Engn Edmonton AB T6G 2M7 Canada

A quadratic programming model is established to choose the blocks to be blasted in a given period. The length of this period depends on the production planning requirements. During the given period, the blocks' parameters are available from the geological database of the mine. The objective is to minimize the deviation of the average ore grade of blasted blocks from the standard ore grade required by the mill. Transportation ability constraint. production quantity demand constraint. minimum safety bench constraint. block size constraint and block, bench precedence constraints are considered in forming the programming model. This model has more practical objective function and reasonable constraints compared with the existing model for this kind of problems.

关键词： quadratic programming open pit mining blast scheduling mine production scheduling mathematical programming model

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Three Dimensional Modeling of Pulverized Coal Combustion in a 600 MW Corner Fired Boiler

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Journal of Thermal Science 2000年第4期9卷 376-380页

作者： Sandro Dal-Secco (Department MFTT, E.D.F., 6 Quai Watier, 78400 Chatou, France) Departement MFTT E.D.F. Chatou France

The three-dimensional code ESTET developed at the LNH has been used to predict the reactive flow in a 600 MW coal fired boiler. Assuming a no-slip condition between the gas and the coal, the equations for a gas-particle mixture can be written. The pulverized coal particle size distribution is represented by a discrete number of particle size groups determined by the measured fineness distribution. The combustion models taking into account the pyrolysis of the particle and the heterogeneous combustion of char have been validated using intensive measurements performed on the 600 MW utility boiler. Heat fluxes were measured along the walls of the furnace and satisfactory agreement between computation and measurements has been achieved in terms of maximum flux location and heat flux intensity. Local measurements of velocities using LDV probe, gas temperature and gas species concentrations were performed in the vicinity of one burner and compared with the computed variables. Again we have observed a good agreement between the computations and the measurements in terms of jet penetration, temperature distribution, oxygen concentration and ash content.

关键词： mathematical model pulverized coal combustion corner-fired boiler.

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Mysticism and the Psychology of Christian Religious Experience

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Psychology Research 2012年第5期2卷 279-294页

作者： Juv6nal Balisasa Valley View University Adentan-Accra Ghana Andrews University MI USA

The understanding and use of the term mysticism pose a growing challenge in world religions in general, and in Christina in particular. While some Christian denominations easily identify with the concept and practices of mysticism, others approach it at best with skepticism, as they relate it more to eastern religions than Christian traditions. Most especially, traditional Catholicism with its allies easily reckons with a long-lasting mystical tradition, while radical evangelicalism shuns mysticism both conceptually and practically. However, a closer look at the popular definitions and understandings of the term reveals that mysticism is more widely practiced than generally known. This paper compares and contrasts the basic understandings and interpretations of mysticism within the Christendom and weighs them against related biblical principle in order to find out whether mysticism provides safe Christian religious experiences or not. The paper ends with a brief focus on a specific Christian religious group that rejects all forms of mysticism but some religious thinkers ironically brand it, sometimes, as a cult and mystical group. The paper aims at winning the Christians" attention to the kind of spiritual damage the concept and practices of mysticism are causing to believers through either mere propositional truth exposition or syncretic innovations in the Christian church.

关键词：神秘主义基督教宗教心理学精神损害传统天主教基督徒

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