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Simulation study and function analysis of the dynamic aortic valve

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2006年第5期16卷 512-517页

作者： XIA Dongdong and BAI Jing (department of biomedical {2., tsinghua university, Beijing 100084, china) department of biomedical {2. Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

The dynamic aortic valve (DAV) is a new left ventricular assist device, a micro-axial blood pump implemented at the position of the aortic valve, pumping blood from the left ventricle into the aortic artery. The present dynamic aortic valve operates at 7 different rotation speeds, ranging from 3000 r/min (speed 1) to 9000 r/min (speed 7). Because in vivo experiments need a lot of live animals and take a long period of time, modeling and simulation have been widely used to simulate and analyze hydra-dynamic property of the DAV and its assisting effects. With the measurements from the mock circulatory loop, a mathematic model of the DAV is established and embedded into the previously developed canine circulatory system. Using this model, the effect of the DAV on the failing heart at each rotation speed level is investigated. The vital cardiac variables are computed and compared with in vivo experimental results, which are in good agreement with an acceptable difference mostly 15%. The establishment of the DAV model and its simulation are useful for further improvement of the DAV device.

关键词： dynamic aortic valve mathematic model computer simulation.

An atlas-based fuzzy connectedness method for automatic tissue classification in brain MRI

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2006年第10期16卷 1106-1110页

作者： ZHOU Yongxin and BAI Jing (department of biomedical {2., tsinghua university, Beijing 100084, china) [a]department of biomedical {2. Tsinghua University Beijing China

A framework incorporating a subject-registered atlas into the fuzzy connectedness (FC) method is proposed for the automatic tissue classification of 3D images of brain MRI. The pre-labeled atlas is first registered onto the subject to provide an initial approximate segmentation. The initial segmentation is used to estimate the intensity histograms of gray matter and white matter. Based on the estimated intensity histograms, multiple seed voxels are assigned to each tissue automatically. The normalized intensity histograms are utilized in the FC method as the intensity probability density function (PDF) directly. Relative fuzzy connectedness technique is adopted in the final classification of gray matter and white matter. Experimental results based on the 2. data sets from IBSR are included, as well as comparisons of the performance of our method with that of other published methods. This method is fully automatic and operator-independent. Therefore, it is expected to find wide applications, such as 3D visualization, radiation therapy planning, and medical database construction.

关键词： fuzzy connectedness atlas-based segmentation brain tissue classification MR1.

Computational fluid dynamics modeling and hemolysis analysis of axial blood pumps with various impeller structures

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2006年第9期16卷 993-997页

作者： XIA Dongdong, ZHAO Chunzhang, ZHANG Xiwen and BAI Jing ( department of biomedical {2., tsinghua university, Beijing 100084, china department of {2. Mechanics, tsinghua university, Beijing 100084, china) [a]department of biomedical {2. Tsinghua University Beijing China [b]department of engineering Mechanics Tsinghua University Beijing China

The flow fields in the blood pump were analyzed three- dimensionally using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Hemolysis of the pump was calculated based on the changes in shear stress and related exposure times along the particle trace lines using a forward Euler approach. In this "way, how different impeller structures and rotational speeds affect the hemolysis was particularly acquired. As a result, impeller with long-short alternant vanes behaved best in hemolysis property and can be utilized to axial blood pumps development and design.

关键词： axial blood pump computational fluid dynamics hemolysis.

A normalized thoracic coordinate system for atlas mapping in 3D CT images

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2008年第1期18卷 111-117页

作者： Hongkai Wang,Jing Bai*,Yonghong Zhang department of biomedical {2.,tsinghua university,Beijing 100084,china department of biomedical {2. Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

In this paper,a normalized thoracic coordinate system(NTCS)is defined for rapidly mapping the 4D thoracic organ atlas into indi- vidual CT volume *** coordinate system is defined based on the thoracic *** coordinate values are normalized by the size of the individual thorax so that this coordinate system is universal to different *** compensating the respiratory motion of the organs,a 4D dynamic torso atlas is introduced.A method for mapping this dynamic atlas into the individual image using the NTCS is also *** this method,the dynamic atlas was mapped into the clinical thoracic CT images and rough positions of the organs were found *** NTCS-based 4D atlas mapping method may provide a novel way for estimating the thoracic organ positions in low-resolution molecular imaging modalities,as well as in modern 4D medical images.

关键词： Atlas mapping Registration Segmentation Molecular imaging

Analysis of finite-element-based methods for reducing the ill-posedness in the reconstruction of fluorescence molecular tomography

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2009年第4期19卷 501-509页

作者： Zhun Xu, Jing Bai department of biomedical {2., School of Medicine, tsinghua university, Beijing 100084, china [a]department of biomedical {2. School of Medicine Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

The major issue in reconstruction of optical imaging might be the ill-posedness of the problem. In this paper, four different algorithms, including singular value decomposition (SVD), the truncated SVD, Tikhonov regularization and adaptive regularization, are analyzed and applied for solving the matrix equation generated from diffuse equation based on finite-element method in fluorescence molecular tomography. Results illustrate the need for either imposition of regularization term or elimination of too small singular values in reducing the illposedness. The results also suggest that the adaptive-regularization method offers superior performance in the reconstruction among the four methods in most cases even if the initially selected regularization parameter is not optimal, thus providing the convenience for the reconstruction.

关键词： Fluorescence molecular tomography Reconstruction Ill-posedness The truncated SVD Adaptive regularization

Parameter estimation for whole-body kinetic model of FDG metabolism

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2006年第11期16卷 1164-1170页

作者： CUI Yunfeng~1, BAI Jing~1**, CHEN Yingmao~2.and TIAN Jiahe~2.1. department of biomedical {2., tsinghua university, Beijing 100084, china 2. department of Nuclear Medicine, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100853, china) [a]department of biomedical {2. Tsinghua University Beijing China [b]department of Nuclear Medicine General Hospital of PLA Beijing China

Based on the radioactive tracer [ ~ 18 F]2.fluoro-2.deoxy-D-glucose （FDG）, positron emission tomography （PET）, and compartment model, the tracer kinetic study has become an important method to investigate the glucose metabolic kinetics in human body. In this work, the kinetic parameters of three-compartment and four-parameter model for the FDG metabolism in the tissues of myocardium, lung, liver, stomach, spleen, pancreas, and marrow were estimated through some dynamic FDG-PET experiments. Together with published brain and skeletal muscle parameters, a relatively complete whole-body model was presented. In the liver model, the dual blood supply from the hepatic artery and the portal vein to the liver was considered for parameter estimation, and the more accurate results were obtained using the dual-input rather than the single arterial-input. The established whole-body model provides the functional information of FDG metabolism in human body. It can be used to further investigate the glucose metabolism, and also be used for the simulation and visualization of FDG metabolic process in human body.

关键词： compartment model FDG PET parameter estimation.

Full-angle optical imaging of near-infrared fluorescent probes implanted in small animals

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2008年第6期18卷 707-711页

作者： Gang Hu,Junjie Yao,Jing Bai* department of biomedical {2.,tsinghua university,Beijing 100084,china department of biomedical {2. Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

To provide a valuable experimental platform for in vivo biomedical research of small animal model with fluorescence mediated approach,we developed a whole-body near-infrared fluorescence molecular imaging system as described in this *** system is based on a sensitive CCD camera and has the ability to achieve 360°full-angle source illuminations and projections capture of the targets to obtain the dense sampling by performing rotational *** measurement accuracy is validated from cylinder phantom experiments by the comparison between the experimental data and theoretical ***,we also present typical in vivo images of fluores-cent tube implanted into the mouse *** results are promising and have proved the system imaging performance for macroscopic optical biomedical research.

关键词： Fluorescence molecular imaging Small animal imaging Fluorescent probe

Application of the wavelet transforms on axial strain calculation in ultrasound elastography

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2006年第9期16卷 942-947页

作者： LUO Jianwen, BAI Jing and SHAO Jinhua (department of biomedical {2., School of Medicine, tsinghua university, Beijing 100084, china) [a]department of biomedical {2. School of Medicine Tsinghua University Beijing China

In ultrasound elastography, the axial strain distribution within biological tissues is calculated as the numerical derivative (differentiation) of the estimated axial displacement field. Unfortunately, the numerical derivative is unstable because it can greatly amplify the noises, especially at high frequencies. This work focuses on the axial strain calculation from the estimated axial displacements using wavelet transforms (WTs), including continuous wavelet transforms (CWTs) and discrete wavelet transforms (DWTs). The feasibility of the WT-based method using the quadratic spline function is verified by computer simulations and some phantom data. Results indicate that the WT-based method can effectively reduce the noise amplification in axial strain calculation.

关键词： ultrasound elastography axial strain differentiation wavelet transforms.

Self-Organizing Tunnel Peers

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计算机工程 2002年第S1期28卷 7-12页

作者： CHEN Maoke , LI Xing (department of Electronic engineering,{2., Beijing 100084,china ) department of Electronic engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084China

Tunneling is an important approach in IPv6 transition techniques. The tunnel broker model provides a way to build virtual IPv6 networks without manual ***, neither it adapts performance variation on the IPv4 infrastructure, norit is a scalable solution for a wide-area IPv6 networking environment. In this paper, a self-organizing tunnel peer (SOTP) model is *** peers are clustered in the SOTP system so that optimization is scalable. Four primitive operations related to --cluster constructionarrest,release,division and deathendow the system with the nature of self-organization. Occurrence and behavior of the operations are decided by criteria on the IPv4 end-to-end performance; hence measurement is an indispensable component of the system. The metabolism of cluster relaxes the requirement to accuracy of measurement and optimization.

关键词： S elf-organizationTunnelingEnd-to-end measurementIPv6