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Lithosphere types in North china:Evidence from geology and geophysics

Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第11期48卷 1809-1827页

作者： QIU Ruizhao1,2. DENG Jinfu3, ZHOU Su3, LI Jinfa4, XIAO Qinghui1,5. WU Zongxu6 & LIU Cui3 1. Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, china 2. Development and Research {2., china Geological Survey, Beijing 100037, china 3. china University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, china 4. china University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, china 5. information center of ministry of land and resources, Beijing 100812. china 6. Institute of Geology, State Seismological Bureau, Beijing 10002., china 1. Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences 100037 Beijing China 2. Development and Research center China Geological Survey 100037 Beijing China 3. china University of Geosciences 100083 Beijing China 4. china University of Geosciences 430074 Wuhan China 5. information center of ministry of land and resources 100812 Beijing China 6. Institute of Geology State Seismological Bureau 100029 Beijing China

On the basis of the characteristics of geology and geophysics in North china, three types of lithosphere, namely, the cratonic, the orogenic and the rift lithospheres can be classified. In terms of petrological method (based on the information from Precambrian rock assemblages, igneous activities, deep-seated enclaves, etc.) and the relationship between seismic velocity and rock compositions, the crust-mantle petrological and chemical structure models can be set up. Researching results indicate that the geology and geophysics of North china platform bears the similar characteristics in comparison with those of the global typical cratons. The Eerduosi(Ordos) block located in the west of the North china Platform is a remnant of cratonic lithosphere after the North china platform had undergone “activation” in Mesozoic and “reconstruction” in Cenozoic times. The continental crust consists mainly of TTG rock assemblage while the subcontinental lithosphere mantle mainly consists of strongly depleted harzburgite. The craton was finally formed in late Archaean and early Proterozoic, and has been kept in stability up to present; its crustal-mantle petrological structures of lithosphere can be set up as a reference for the study of North china craton and even Sino-Korean craton. In the Mesozoic period, the middle and east areas of North china platform were activated in the Yanshanian orogenic process, the continental crust was reformed by material and heat-transfer of convective mantle and the original crustal TTG component was reconstructed to be granitic crust, and the subcontinental lithosphere man- tle was replaced by the Yanshanian harzburgite-lherzolite. The Yanshan-Taihang Mountains were the remnants of orogenic lithosphere after the rifting in eastern North china in Cenozoic. The present thickness of continental crust and lithosphere in the Yanshan-Taihang Mountains is not equal to their thickness during the Yanshanian orogenic movement because they had undergone the

关键词： lithospheric types,evidence of geology and geophysics,crust-mantle petrological structure,deep process

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Age of Yingfeng rapakivi granite pluton on the north flank of Qaidam and its geological significance

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Science china Earth Sciences 2004年第4期47卷 357-365页

作者： XIAO Qinghui1,2. LU Xinxiang1,3, WANG Fei4, SUN Yangui5. WEI Xiangdong3 & XING Zuoyun6 1. Division of Granite Geology, china Geological Survey, Yichang 443003, china 2. information center of ministry of {5. and resources, Beijing 100812. china 3. Geological Survey of Henan Province and Institute of Geological Research of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 45.05., china 4. Geological Institute, china Seismological Bureau, Beijing 10002., china 5. Geological Survey Institute of Qinghai Province, Xining 810032. china 6. china University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, china Division of Granite Geology China Geological Survey Yichang 443003 China information center of {2. of land and resources Beijing 100812 China Geological Survey of Henan Province and Institute of Geological Research of Henan Province Zhengzhou 450053 China Geological Institute China Seismological Bureau Beijing 100029 China Geological Survey Institute of Qinghai Province Xining 810032 China china University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China

The Yingfeng rapakivi granite on the north flank of Qaidam is a newly discovered Proterozoic rapakivi pluton in china, which was found after the discovery of Shachang rapakivi in Miyun County, Beijing and Kuandian rapakivi in Jilin Province. Yingfeng rapakivi pluton is ex-posed on the north side of the suture belt between Qinling-Kunlun orogenic belt and North china plate. U-Pb zircon isotopic dating and Ar-Ar isotopic dating of both hornblende and K-feldspar from the Yingfeng rapakivi granite have been conducted. The results show that the age of (1776±33)Ma at the upper intercept in Concorde diagram represents the age of formation of the plu-ton, whereas the age of ({2.6 2.1) Ma at the lower intercept and Ar-Ar mineral dating of horn-blende and K-feldspar correspond to the age of a later event affecting the pluton, suggesting that Yingfeng pluton has ever been affected by strong regional Caledonian-Hercynian tectonic movement after its formation. The discovery of middle Proterozoic Yingfeng rapakivi granite pro-vides a petrologic evidence for the timing of cratonization of both the continental crust basement in western china and the basement of the North china plate and for a rifting event taking place in the mid-Proterozoic, suggesting that an amalgamation of ancient china continents had ever happened during the L liang Movement?between the early Proterozoic and the mid-Proterozoic.

关键词： rapakivi, U-Pb dating, Ar-Ar dating, Kunlun-Qinling orogenic belt.

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Southeastern extension of the Red River fault zone (RRFZ) and its tectonic evolution significance in western South china Sea

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Science china Earth Sciences 2006年第8期49卷 839-850页

作者： LIU Baoming1,2.3, XIA Bin1, LI Xuxuan1,3, ZHANG Minqiang1,3, NIU Binhua2. ZHONG Lifeng1, JIN Qinghuan1,4 & JI Shaocheng1,5.1. Key Laboratory of Marginal Sea Geology and resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 5.0640, china 2. china University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, china 3. Research center of Science & Technology Department, CNOOC, Beijing 10002., china 4. Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, ministry of land & resources, Guangzhou 5.0075. china 5. Ecole Polytechnique Montreal, H3C3A7, Canada 1. Key Laboratory of Marginal Sea Geology and resources Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510640 China 2. china University of Geosciences (Beijing) Beijing 100083 China 3. Research center of Science & Technology Department CNOOC Beijing 100027 China 4. Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey Ministry of Land & Resources Guangzhou 510075 China 5. Ecole Polytechnique Montreal H3C3A7 Canada

Recent geophysical surveys and basin modeling suggest that the No.1 fault in the Ying- gehai basin (YGHB) is the seaward elongation of the Red River fault zone (RRFZ) in the South china Sea (SCS). The RRFZ, which separates the South china and Indochina block, extends first along the Yuedong fault, offshore of Vietnam, and then continues southward and breaks off into two branches: the Lupar fault and the Tinjia fault. The southern extension of the Lupar fault dies out beneath the NW Borneo while the Tinjia fault extends southeast and reaches the Brunei-Sabah area. According to the gravity and geomagnetic data, and the tectonic evolution of the basins, there are different evolution histories between the Wan’an basin (WAB) and the basins in the Nansha block. The Tinjia fault may be the boundary between the Balingian block and the Nansha block. Hence, the line linking the Yue- dong fault and the Tinjia fault, which both are continental margin faults and strike-slip ones in the geological evolution histories, constitute the boundary between the Indochina and Nansha block. The Lupar fault, in contrast, is an intraplate fault within the Indochina block. The results provide new hints for reconstructing the tectonic evolution history of the RRFZ and the opening of the SCS, and also a framework for hydrocarbon prospecting in the region.

关键词： Red River fault zone, tectonic evolution, fault, extension, western South china Sea.

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land Use of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area and the Effect on Its landscape Pattern in the Recent {2. Years

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Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences 2006年第4期11卷 910-914页

作者： HUANG Zhiqin 1,2.3 , ZHOU Wancun 1 ,ZHOU Jieming 4 , ZHU Mingcang 3,5.1. Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, china 2. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, china 3. Sichuan Institute of land Resource Management, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan , china 4. Department of resources and Environment Science, Sichuan Normal University , Chengdu 610061, Sichuan, china 5. College of information Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 61005., Sichuan, china Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu Sichuan China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Sichuan Institute of land Resource Management Chengdu Sichuan China Department of resources and Environment Science Sichuan Normal University Chengdu Sichuan China College of information Engineering Chengdu University of Technology Chengdu Sichuan China

The paper makes detailed analysis on the changing processes of the main types of land use in Three Gorges Reservoir Area through the techniques of RS （Remote Sense） and GIS （Geography information System）. Based on the theory of landscape ecology, many types of landscape pattern indexes are calculated and made correlation analysis. The results indicate that： in 1995.the ecological environment of Three Gorges Reservoir Area was the most vulnerable in the recent 5. years, but resumed in 2.02. the landscape pattern diversity index, fractal dimension index and fragmentation index has close correlation with the area of land use/cover change （LUCC）. The research also releases that the increase of the cultivated land, grassland and construction land deteriorates the landscape ecological pattern, while the increase of forest land area will help restore the landscape ecological pattern to its original state. The rapid change of grassland is an important index of the change of landscape pattern, because it has the most effect on change of landscape pattern index.

关键词： the Three Gorges Reservoir Area land use/cover change landscape pattern.

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The impact of vegetation restoration on erosion-induced sediment yield in the middle Yellow River and management prospect

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第6期48卷 724-741页

作者： CHEN Hao1, ZHOU Jinxing2. CAI Qiangguo1, YUE Zhongqi3, LU Zhongchen4, LIANG Guanglin1& HUANG Jianguo5.1. Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural {2. Re-search, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, china 2. Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100091, china 3. Department of Civil Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, china 4. Eco-environmental Research {5., Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085. china 5. College of {2. and Environment, Southwest Agricultural University, Chongqing 400716, china Correspondence should be addressed to Chen Hao 1. Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related land Surface Processes Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences 100101 Beijing China 2. Institute of Forestry Chinese Academy of Forestry Sciences 100091 Beijing China 3. Department of Civil Engineering University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China 4. Eco-environmental Research center Chinese Academy of Sciences 100085 Beijing China 5. College of resources and Environment Southwest Agricultural University 400716 Chongqing China

According to the characteristics of water and erosion environments of different natural zones on the Loess Plateau, this paper studies changes of vegetation types, distribution boundaries of forest and grass as well as restoration capacity of vegetation in different natural zones in the middle Yellow River. The annual precipitation of 5.0 mm is the critical annual pre-cipitation for forest and grass distribution in the middle Yellow River. Among the zonal and azonal environmental factors affecting watershed sediment yield, the intermediate diameter D5. (mm) of suspended load and forest coverage (V, %) play the leading role. Of them the effect weight of forest coverage (V, %) on catchments sediment yield is only 3.4% less than the role of the intermediate diameter (D5., mm), they are almost the same. To effectively control soil erosion in semiarid, especially in hilly-gullied areas and make sediment transport modulus reduce to less than 6000 t/km2. it is rather difficult by merely relying on natural restoration of forest. In the process of cultivated land conversion into forest land and grassland, measures suiting local conditions should be adopted in tree species selection and artificial afforestation (grass planting) based on management with biological measures for slopeland and engineering measures for hilly-gullied areas, so that watershed forest coverage in key counties can reach at least over 30%.Compared with the standard period of precipitation prior to the 1960s, with the decrease of an-nual precipitation at various periods, plant productivities decline to different degrees under natural conditions. The main reason accountable for the low survival rate of new seedlings and grass over years is due to precipitation decrease. In light with regression models of annual pre-cipitation and natural vegetation productivities, it is possible to obtain estimated values of wa-tershed natural vegetation productivity and eco-water consumption needed for the restoration to

关键词： vegetation restoration, eco-water requirement, watershed sediment yield, the middle Yellow River.

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Monitoring the Cultivated Slope land in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area Based on Remote Sensing and GIS

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Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences 2006年第4期11卷 915-921页

作者： ZHOU Jieming1, ZHOU Qigang 2. 3 ,HUANG Zhiqin 2. 3, 4 1. The Faculty of Geography and resources Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610066, Sichuan, china 2. Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, china 3. Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, china 4. information {5. of land and resources Department of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, china The Faculty of Geography resources Science Sichuan Normal University 610066 Chengdu Sichuan China Institute of Mountain Hazards Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences 610041 Chengdu Sichuan China Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences 100049 Beijing China information center of {2. resources Department of Sichuan Province 610041 Chengdu Sichuan China

By means of combining auto-extraction with manual interpretation, the current distribution information about cultivated land is obtained. The distribution information of 1992.is extracted from the dynamic polygons of 2.02. The monitoring mini-system of the cultivated slope land is established. In the system, detailed surveys, focused on the resources of cultivated slope land, are carried out. The results indicate that the area of the cultivated slope land is very large. Meanwhile, there are lots of cultivated steep slopes with gradient above 35.. The areas of steep land cultivated had been slowly reduced from 1992.to 2.02. At the same time, the pressures of returning farm land to forestry are great in all counties. The conflicts between population growth, insufficient grain supply and stagnant economic development sharpen increasingly. It is inevitable to improve the agricultural structure.

关键词： slope land cultivated remote sensing geography information system (GIS) the pressure of returning farm land to forestry Three Gorges Reservoir Area

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Potential recoverable natural gas resources in china

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Petroleum Science 2008年第1期5卷 83-86页

作者： Liu Chenglin Zhu Jie Che Changbo Liu Guangd School of Resource and information China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Oil and Gas Resource Strategy Research center of the ministry of {2. and resource Beijing China

Natural gas resources in china are abundant. The undiscovered recoverable natural gas resources in china are estimated to be 19.2. ×10^12.m^3. Natural gas is mainly distributed in the middle and west china and offshore areas of china. The Tarim Basin, Sichuan Basin, Ordos Basin, East china Sea Basin, Tsaidam Basin, Yinggehai Basin, and Qiongdongnan Basin are the main gas-bearing basins. The natural gas resources are not distributed evenly and are under-explored in china. The deeper horizons in east china, foreland basins and craton paleo-uplifts in the middle and west china, and the offshore basins are the main exploration areas in the future.

关键词： Natural gas resources exploration area china

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Distribution characteristics of seamount cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts and the determination of the size of areas for exploration and exploitation

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2011年第3期30卷 63-75页

作者： HE Gaowen MA Weilin SONG Chengbing YANG Shengxiong ZHU Benduo YAO Huiqiang JIANG Xunxiong CHENG Yongshou Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey Guangzhou 510075 China Second Institute of Oceanography State Ocean Administration Hangzhou 310012 China china Ocean Mineral resources R ＆ D Association Beijing 100860 China Beijing General Research Institute of Mining ＆ Metallurgy Beijing 100070 China National Marine information center Tianjin 300171 China

In 2.01, the International Seabed Authority （ISBA） initiated the consideration relating to the Regulations for Prospecting and Exploration for Hydrothermal Polymetallic Sulphides and Cobalt-rich Ferromanganese Crusts in the Area at its 7th session. Since then, the consideration of the Regulations has been mainly focused on the size of areas to be allocated for exploration and exploitation of the crusts. This paper, based on the investigation data and the analysis of the distribution characteristics of the crusts, suggests a model for determining the size of areas for exploration and exploitation of the crusts, taking into account various factors such as production scale, crust thickness and grade, mineable area proportion, recovery efficiency, exploration venture, and so on. Through the modeling, the paper suggests that the exploration area （the area covered by each application for approval of a plan of work for exploration of cobalt-rich crusts） shall be 4 85. km2.and the exploitation area （the mine site area） shall be 1 2.4 km2. for 2. years of 1 million wet tonnes annual production.

关键词： cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts exploration and exploitation area seamounts regulation on exploration

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Rapid Fabrication of CdS Nanocrystals with Well Mesoporous Structure Under Ultrasound Irradiation at Room Temperature

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2012年第1期28卷 124-128页

作者： YU Chang-lin1, ZHOU Wan-qin2.3, YU Jim-my4, YANG Jian-gao5.and FAN Qi-zhe1 1. School of Metallurgy and Chemical Engineering, 2. School of information Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. {2. 3. Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 35.002. P. R. {2. 4. Department of Chemistry, center of Novel Functional Molecules, and Environmental Science Programme, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, P. R. {2. 5. Engineering Research center of High-efficiency Development and Application Technology of Tungsten resources, ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. {2. Jiangxi Univ Sci & Technol Sch Met & Chem Engn Ganzhou 341000 Peoples R China Jiangxi Univ Sci & Technol Sch Informat Engn Ganzhou 341000 Peoples R China Fuzhou Univ Fujian Prov Key Lab Photocatalysis State Key Lab Breeding Base Fuzhou 350002 Peoples R China Chinese Univ Hong Kong Dept Chem Ctr Novel Funct Mol Shatin Hong Kong Peoples R China Chinese Univ Hong Kong Environm Sci Programme Shatin Hong Kong Peoples R China Jiangxi Univ Sci & Technol Minist Educ Engn Res Ctr High Efficiency Dev & Applicat Techn Ganzhou 341000 Peoples R China

Sphere-like mesoporous CdS nanocrystals with high crystallinity and big surface area were successfully fabricated by ultrasound irradiation at room temperature. The as-synthesized CdS with and without ultrasound irra diation was investigated by the characterizations of X-ray diffraction（XRD）, scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, transmission electron microscopy（TEM）, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller（BET） surface areas. The photocatalytic acti vity of the CdS was evaluated by photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange under visible light（λ〉42. nm） irradia tion. A possible mechanism for the formation of the CdS nanocrystals with mesoporous structure under ultrasound irradiation was proposed. The results show that both the template role of the triblock copolymer of P12. and the effect of ultrasound-induced aggregation are mainly responsible for the formation of mesoporous structure. On the other hand, the energy generated from acoustic cavitation can effectively accelerate the crystallization process of the amorphous CdS.

关键词： CdS Crystallinity Mesoporous structure Ultrasound-induced aggregation

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A Novel Stable Clustering Design Method for Hierarchical Satellite Network

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2010年第1期23卷 91-102页

作者： Zhou Mu,Guo Qing,Wang Zhenyong Communication Research center,School of Electronics and information Engineering,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 1{2.001,china [a] Communication Research center School of Electronics information Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China

This article proposes a novel stable clustering design method for hierarchical satellite network in order to increase its stability,reduce the overhead of storage and exert effective control of the delay performances based on a 5.dimensional vector model. According to the function of stability measureinent and owing to the limitation of minimal average routing table length, the hierarchical satellite network is grouped into separate stable connected clusters to improve destruction resistance and reconstruction ability in the future integrated network. In each cluster, redundant communication links with little contribution to network stability and slight influences on delay variation are deleted to satisfy the requirements for stability and connectivity by means of optimal link resources, and, also, the idea of logical weight is introduced to select the optimal satellites used to communicate with neighboring cluster satellites. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method are verified by comparing it with the simulated performances of other two typical hierarchical satellite networks, double layer satellite constellation（DLSC） and satellite over satellite（SOS）.

关键词： satellite network hierarchical structure stability analysis clustering algorithms vector measurements

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