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Sorption of Heavy Metal and Organic Pollutants on Modified Soils

Pedosphere 2007年第2期17卷 235-245页

作者： MENG Zhao-Fu ZHANG Yi-Ping WANG Guo-Dong College of Life science Northwest Sci-Tech University of Agriculture and Forestry Yangling 712100 （China）. College of Natural Resources and the Environment Northwest Sci-Tech University of Agriculture and Forestry Yangling 712100 （China）

Sorption characteristics of both an organic pollutant (phenol) and a heavy metal (cadmium ion) on the clay layer of a Lou soil (Eum-orthic Anthrosol in Chinese Soil Taxonomy) along with the sorption mechanism were investigated using three soil treatments: modification with a cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide added at an amount equivalent to 5.% and 100% of the soil CEC (5.%CB and 100%CB), modification with an amphoteric surface-modifying agent dodecyldimethylbetaine (commercially known as BS-12) added at an amount equivalent to 5.% and 100% of the soil CEC (5.% BS and 100%BS), and an unmodified control (CK). Results showed that the BS soil treatments increased sorption of both the heavy metal Cd2+ and the organic pollutant phenol. The equilibrium sorption amount of Cd2+ decreased in the order: 5.%BS > 100%BS > CK > 5.%CB > 100%CB, with the BS soil treatments being about 1.3.to 1.8 times higher and the CB soil treatments about 23. to 41% lower than CK. Both the single-site and two-site Langmuir models could be applied to describe the sorption of Cd2+ in each soil treatment. The equilibrium sorption amount of phenol on the soil samples decreased in the order: 100%CB > 5.%CB > 100%BS > 5.%BS > CK, with the CB soil treatments being 41.0 to 79.6 times higher and the BS soil treatments 4.0 to 8.3.times higher than CK. The Freundlich equation could also be used to describe the sorption characteristics of phenol. In the BS soil treatments, both an organophobic long carbon chain and hydrophilic charged groups resulted in a relatively strong sorption ability for both heavy metals and organic pollutants. In addition, the sorption ratio K, the ratio of phenol sorption amount of the modified soil to that of CK, increased initially and decreased later with the amount of phenol added, and the critical sorption ratio KC, the peak value of the sorption ratio curve plotted against the added phenol concentration, was a good index for evaluating the sorption ability of

关键词： amphoteric surface modifying agent cadmium ion phenol sorption characteristics sorption ratio K

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Hydrogen peroxide-induced changes in intracellular pH of guard cells precede stomatal closure

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Cell Research 2001年第1期11卷 37-43页

作者： ZHANG XIAO, FA CAI DONG, JUN FENG GAO, CHUN PENG SONG (Department of Biology, Henan university, Kaifeng 475.01, China) (College of Life sciences, {3. sci-tech university of agriculture and forestry, yangling 712.00, China) 2College of Life sciences Northwest Sci-Tech University of Agriculture and Forestry Yangling 712100 China 1Department of Biology Henan University Kaifeng 475001 China 2College of Life sciences Northwest Sci-Tech University of Agriculture and Forestry Yangling 712100 China 1Department of Biology Henan University Kaifeng 475001 China

Epidermal bioassay demonstrated that benzylamine, a membrane-permeable weak base, can mimick hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to induce stomatal closure, and butyric acid, a membrane-permeable weak acid, can partly abolish the H2O2-induced stomatal closure. Confocal pH mapping with the probe 5.(and-6)- carboxy seminaphthorhodafluor- 1 - acetoxymethylester (SNARF-1-AM) revealed that H2O2 leads to rapid changes in cytoplasmic and vacuolar pH in guard cells of Viola faba L, i. e. alkalinization of cytoplasmic areas occur red in parallel with a decrease of the vacuolar pH, and that butyric acid pretreatment can abolish alkalinization of cytoplasmic areas and acidification of vacuolar areas of guard cells challenged with H2O2. These results imply that the alkalinization of cytoplasm via efflux of cytosol protons into the vacuole in guard cells challenged with H2O2 is important at an early stage in the signal cascade leading to stomatal closure.

关键词： H2O2 pH SNARF-1-AM confocal Vicia guard cell.

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Soil Microbial Biomass Nitrogen and Its Relationship to Uptake of Nitrogen by Plants

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Pedosphere 2002年第3期12卷 251-256页

作者： ZHOUJIANBIN LISHENGXIU 等 CollegeofResourcesandEnvironmentalsciences NorthwestSci－TechUniversityofAgricultureandForestryYanglingShaanxi712100（China） CollegeofResourcesandEnvironmentalsciences NorthwestSci－TechUniversityofAgr

The contents of the soil microbial biomass nitrogen (SMBN) in the soils sampled from the Loess Plateau of China were determined using chloroform fumigation aerobic incubation method (CFAIM), chloroform fumigation anaerobic incubation method (CFANIM) and chloroform fumigation-extraction method (CFEM).The N taken up by ryegrass on the soils was determined after a glasshouse pot experiment. The flushes of nitrogen (FN) of the soils obtained by the CFAIM and CFANIM were higher than that by the CFEM, and there were significantly positive correlations between the FN obtained by the 3.methods. The N extracted from the fumigated soils by the CFAIM, CFANIM and CFEM were significantly positively correlated with the N uptake by ryegrass. The FN obtained by the 3.methods was also closely positively correlated with the plant N uptake. The contributions of the SMBN and mineral N and mineralized N during the incubation period to plant N uptake were evaluated with the multiple regression method. The results showed that the N contained in the soil microbial biomass might play a noticeable role in the N supply of the soils to the plant.

关键词： mineral N N uptake soil microbial biomass N

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The Resistance of Chinese Wild Vitis to Uncinula necator and its Inheritance in F_1 Generation

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Agricultural sciences in China 2002年第2期1卷 195-199页

作者： ZHANG Jian-xia, WANG Yue-jin and XU Yan(College of Horticulture , northwest sci-tech {3. of {3. and {5., yangling 712.00) College of Horticulture Northwest Sci-tech University of Agriculture and Forestry Yangling 712100

By natural field identification, the resistance of Chinese wild Vitis to Uncinula necator and its inheritance in F1 generation were studied with 3.0}clones of 9 Chinese wild Vitis species, 171 F1 individuals of 4 inter-species cross between Chinese wild Vitis and Vitis vinifera cultivars, and 16 individuals of self-pollinated Chinese wild Vitis. Results showed that the phenotypes of resistance to Uncinula necator in Chinese wild Vitis and its F1 generation were rich and diverse. Based on the segregation of resisitance to Uncinula necator in the progenies resulted from both interspecific hybridization and self-pollination, of Chinese native wild Vitis species and clones were controlled by poly genes showing dominant independent heredity. Minor resistant genes were also exist in Chinese wild susceptible Vitis species and clones.

关键词： Chinse wild Vitis F1 generation Uncinula necator Disease-resistance Inheritance

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Anatomy of Vitis Berries During Their Coloring

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Agricultural sciences in China 2002年第4期1卷 400-403页

作者： WAN Yi-zhen and HE Pu-chao(College of Horticulture, northwest sci-tech {3. of {3. and {5., yangling 712.00 , P.R. China) College of Horticulture Northwest Sci- Tech University of Agriculture and Forestry Yangling 712100 P.R. China

During 1998 - 1999, the course of the berry coloring and the development of the pigment cells from veraison to ripeness were studied by freeze sectioning 43.accessions of 12 Vitis species (including 10 Chinese wild species). External observation showed that the berries of most species began coloring on the fruit top surface or on the sun-lit surface, and the berry surface color was evenly distributed when the berry was ripe. Internal observation revealed that the pigment cells in a few layers between cuticle and sub-cuticle colored first, the cuticle colored from inner layers to outer layers while the sub-cuticle from outer to inner, and the cuticle cells began coloring a little earlier than the sub-cuticle ones in most species. The pigment cells developed unevenly during the berry ripening. In the beginning of berry coloring, the cell pigment density among the layers or among the cells in the same layer was different. Both the numbers of the pigmented cells and the cell pigment density increased during the berry coloring, while the former lasted a short time; however, the latter kept increasing from veraison to ripeness, and they reached the deepest color when the berry was ripe.

关键词： Vitis Berry Coloring Pigment cell Anatomy

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STUDY OF SETTING UP THE FOREST RESOURCES MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM BASED ON WEBGIS

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Chinese Geographical science 2003年第1期13卷 56-61页

作者： WU Su-li, LOU Quan-sheng, QUAN Zhi-jie, LI Xiao-jun (northwest sci-tech {3. of {3. and {5., Xi’an 712.00, P. R. China) northwest sci-tech {3. of {3. and {5. Xi’an P. R. China

Based on an analysis of the characteristics of the Forest Resources Management Information System of each development phase, and consideration of the technical trend in Geographic Information System (GIS) in the Internet Age, this paper explores the importance and the feasibility of setting up Forest Resources Management Information System based on the WEBGIS. At the same time, based on the experience of our study, the paper explores the function, structure and method of developing the Forest Resources Management Information System based on WEBGIS. With the technology of WEBGIS, the Forest Resources Management Information System with data from Huoditang Farm was set up, which makes a great impact on forest resources management. So setting up the Forest Resources Management Information System based on WEBGIS is a trend of forest resources management. In the course of setting up this system, we must pay attention to following questions: 1) unify data standard and information encoding; 2) change mind.

关键词： WEBGIS forest resources management information system

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Carbon isotope ratios of C_(4) plants in loess areas of North China

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science China Earth sciences 2006年第1期49卷 97-102页

作者： WANG Guoan1,2,3. HAN Jiamao 2, ZHOU Liping3. XIONG Xiaogang4, TAN Ming2, WU Zhenhai5.& PENG Jun6 1. Department of Plant Nutrition, China Agricultural university, Beijing 100094, China 2. Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of sciences, Beijing 100029, China 3. College of Environmental sciences, MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking university, Beijing 100871, China 4. Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of sciences, Beijing 100093. China {5.,{3., China 6. Network Center, China Agricultural university, Beijing 100094, China 1. Department of Plant Nutrition China Agricultural University Beijing 100094 China 2. Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China 3. College of Environmental sciences MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes Peking University Beijing 100871 China 4. Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China 5. northwest sci-tech university of agriculture and forestry Yangling 712100 China 6. Network Center China Agricultural University Beijing 100094 China

Carbon isotope ratios (δ^(13.C) of 89 C_4 plant samples were determined fromthe loess area in North China. δ^(13.C values vary between -10.5.er thousand and -14.6per thousandwith a mean of -12.6per thousand. Along a precipitation gradient from the semi-moist area to thesemiarid area, then to the arid area, the δ^(13.C values of C_4 plants show a slight decreasingtrend. The δ^(13.C values of C_4 plants in the dry season are found lower than those in the wetseason. These trends are opposite to those observed for C_3.species.

关键词： C4 plants, carbon isotope ratios, loess area.

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Developmental Tendency of Dry Land Farming technologies

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Agricultural sciences in China 2002年第8期1卷 934-944页

作者： SHAN Lun(Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, northwest sci-{3. university of {5. and forestry, yangling 712.00, P. R . China ) Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources Northwest Sci- Tech University of Agriculture and Forestry Yangling 712100 P. R. China

The developmental tendency of dry land farming technologies in the semiarid area of China were reviewed based on the overview of recent progress in dry land farming researches from China and oversea. It was emphasized that conservation tillage, limited irrigation, genetic modification and chemical control are the important aspects for the dry land farming research and development of the future. In addition, some consid-

关键词： Dry land farming Conservation tillage Limited irrigation Genetic modification Chemical control

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Erosion response to anthropogenic activity and climatic changes during the Holocene: case studies in northwestern China and southern Norway

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Journal of Geographical sciences 2002年第4期12卷 467-471页

作者： HE Xiubin1,2, TANG Keli1, John A Matthews3. Geraint Owen3.1. Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, CAS, yangling 712.00, China 2. northwest sci-{3. {3. of {5. and forestry, yangling 712.00, China 3. Department of Geography, Univer Institute of Soil and Water Conservation CAS Yangling China northwest sci-tech {3. of {3. and {5. Yangling China Department of Geography University of Wales Swansea UK

Soil erosion assessment and prediction play critical roles in addressing problems associated with erosion control or soil conservation. The past dynamics of soil erosion can provide valuable information for us to understand the relations of soil erosion to environmental change and anthropogenic activity. The present paper has compared Holocene climatic changes in northwestern China with those in southern Norway, and investigated the past dynamics of erosion activity during the Holocene. Modern soil erosion on the Loess Plateau is a combination of the intensive natural erosion and human-induced erosion, the latter being four times greater than the former. Because of global warming and increasing human activities, climate on the Loess Plateau is becoming dryer and more unstable, causing an enhanced erosion problem and water scarcity. In the arctic-alpine region of southern Norway, however, the global warming and regional wetting caused expansion of the largest European ice cap. This has accentuated the erosion in that region, with a higher frequency of avalanches and debris flows.

关键词： anthropogenic activity China climate changes erosion response Norway

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Low temperature wheat germplasm and its leaf photosynthetic traits and structure characteristics

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Progress in Natural science:Materials International 2004年第6期 21-26页

作者： ZHANG Songwu *, MIAO Fang and WANG Changfa(northwest sci-tech {3. of {3. and {5.,yangling 712.00, China) northwest sci-tech {3. of {3. and {5. Yangling 712100 China

Low temperature germplasm with constant low plant temperature was found in the nature through a long-time observation on wheat canopy temperature and traits;correspondingly,high temperature germplasm with constant high plant temperature also exists. Compared with the high temperature germplasm,the chlorophyll content and the net photosynthetic rate of the three functional leaves on the top of the low temperature wheat germplasm are higher and the structure tends to be more complicated,which is characterized by smaller mesophyll cells and more closely arranged cell layers,more and denser chloroplasts with thick stroma, more granas and well developed grana lamellae,a larger vascular bundle area with smaller interspace. All these characteristics embody the consistency of structure and function and provide the theoretical bases for looking for and cultivating the new low temperature materials in agricultural practice.

关键词： low temperature wheat germplasm leaf photosynthetic trait structure.

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